We

ships at sea, his warehouses full of merchandise, his agricultural fields, thriving shop, and workmen fully employed, is not likely to become a revolutionist. cannot say the same for the disappointed military man, nor the briefless lawyer, who with ruin staring him in the face is still too proud to work, and who conscious of his own superior abilities! and indignant at the ingratitude of mankind! is certain to place himself at the head of any movement that may offer the slightest prospect of delivering him from the misery and monotony of a life spent in vain!

These remarks are strictly applicable to the countries on the continent-with their numerous armies and state-bureaucracy (the latter being the substitute for our municipalities), and where we find nearly every other profession regarded as ignoble except those of the sword and law. It therefore must follow that so long as these alone lead to place, honour and distinction, there will be no want of candidates; and since all cannot be provided for, nor arrive at distinction, the disappointed among these classes are certain to furnish a sufficient number of clever ambitious men to lead any popular movement, dethrone a monarch, or establish a government of their own manufacture.

CHAPTER XXIII.

Arrival in Wallachia-Giourgevo-Passport Inquisition—Russian police-Quarantine-Arrival at Semlin-Belgrade-English Consul Austrian espionage-A disagreeable positionSketches of Hungary and the Slavonians in 1850-The late Hungarian war-Causes that led to it-Count Széchenyi and Louis Kossuth-Proclamation of the Hungarian constitution -Discontent of the Slavonians, Wallachians and Saxons— How acted upon by the Cabinet of Vienna-The Ban Jellachich, and Rajachich, Primate of the Servians-Civil war— Horrible scenes-The Austrian Consul at Belgrade, and the brigands of European Turkey-Louis Kossuth's appeal to arms-Declaration of the independence of Hungary-Total defeat of the Imperialists and their allies-Russian intervention-Capitulation of Görgey-Fall of Hungary.

WE crossed the Danube from Routschouk to Giourgevo, in Wallachia, in one of those unwieldy boats, propelled by an immense sail and a dozen of stout Rayahs as rowers. We had for our companions a Bimbashi and his troop of tacticoes, as fine a set of hardy well-grown fellows as could be found in any country, every man of them furnished by my old friends

the Djeghi mountaineers of Upper Albania, and who were now on their way to join their regiment at Bucharest, the capital of Wallachia.

On landing, we found the quay of Giourgevo occupied by a crowd of well-dressed men and women in European costume, intermingled with a sufficient number of Orientals and Russian officers in full u. iform, to impart variety to the picture. The landing of a detachment of Turkish troops was no unusual sight; but great curiosity was evidently excited to know who that ragged, sun-burnt half-European, half-Oriental looking fellow could be, armed to the teeth and leading a beautiful Arabian after him; every eye was fixed upon me, especially when my companions the Albanian mountaineers were seen wringing my hands, and crying, "Mirre Dioi Inglez !" "Mir Shesch-Kon," God be with you, Englishman, and happy journey!

Incognito is out of the question when a passport is in the way, and the basilisk eye of a Russian police officer fixed upon the traveller, who in the present instance, without actually laying hands upon me, for I was still impure and fresh from Turkey, drove me and my horse before him to the sanitary room, where after we had both undergone a thorough fumigation, my four-legged companion was restored to liberty, while his poor master was led captive into the presence of the military commander, for insurgent Wallachia was still under martial law. The interrogatory was most searching and prolonged, as to who I was? whence I came? what the object of my wandering especially in Wallachia

could be? and, finally, whether I belonged to the vile race of scribblers, the pest of society in every country! Finding that I was a real Englishman (for my examiner could speak a little English), and not one of those revolutionary Hungarians, Poles, Italians, Germans, or French travelling under the protection of an English passport, his tone instantly changed to that of a courteous well-bred man of the world, who knew how to combine his duties of office with the manners of a gentleman. He threw off all reserve and laughed and chatted with me about my adventures in Turkey, as if we had been old friends, and with the usual hospitality of a Russian, ordered his servant to prepare a luncheon. Such, in fact, is the general character of the Russians whenever they meet with an Englishman; and although I now and then give them some hard hits when I mount my hobby-horse and discuss politics, as individuals, I never met with one during my travels that I did not part from with a desire to renew our acquaintance.

The Turkish bath and a complete change of costume, so transformed me in appearance, that even my sagacious companion, Karabagh, had some difficulty in recognizing his master in his European garments. And now, reader, since our pages have already multiplied beyond the ordinary size of a book of travels, we are compelled to hasten forward; and as the Austrian steam-boat is heard splashing and roaring in the river, we cannot lose the opportunity of availing ourselves of its services to take us to Belgrade; and as to giving a description of

the scenery and towns on its banks, we should only be repeating what we have already written in a previous work.

On arriving at Semlin, I left the steam-boat, with the intention of crossing the Danube, to pass a few days with Mr. Fonblanque, her Majesty's Consul-General at Belgrade; but in these unhappy countries, that once constituted a part of Hungary, martial law replaces the mild rule of the Magyar. Consequently, having once entered the town even for an instant, I could not leave it without the permission of the Austrian commandant. In my case the difficulty was easily obviated, since my passport was found to contain the recent signature of the Russian authorities in Wallachia, which was now to be embellished with that of Herr General Schaich, and the broad seal of Imperial Austria.

During the few days I remained at Belgrade, I was favoured with a great deal of interesting information from Mr. Fonblanque respecting the late memorable contest in Hungary, as well as from Mr. Carrosini, the Consul of Sardinia, who accompanied M. Kossuth in the capacity of political agent, to which we may have occasion to refer when adverting to the causes which led to the lamentable outbreak in Hungary. In neither case should I have mentioned the names of these gentlemen without their sanction, but having already exerted themselves, from motives of humanity, to save the unhappy refugees from their cruel enemies, they do not stand in high favour with the Governments of Austria and Russia, consequently the notes of a traveller cannot injure their reputation with either of these powers.