the family of nations. We set mankind an example never beheld before of moderation in victory. We led hesitating and halting Europe to the deliverance of their beleaguered ambassadors in China. We marched through a hostile country-a country cruel and barbarous-without anger or revenge. We returned benefit for injury, and pity for cruelty. We made the name of America beloved in the East as in the West. We kept faith with the Philippine people. We kept faith with our own history. We kept our national honor unsullied. The flag which we received without a rent we handed down without a stain." [Applause on the floor and in the galleries.]

WILLIAM MCKINLEY

ADDRESS AT BUFFALO

William McKinley was born in 1844, at Niles, Trumbull County, Ohio. He was educated at Poland Academy, and at the age of seventeen enlisted in the twenty-third Ohio Regiment. He engaged in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, and received an honorable discharge as major, July 25, 1865. After the close of the war he took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1867. His political career began in 1867, when he was elected to Congress. He was elected Governor of Ohio, in 1891, and for a second term in 1893. In 1892 he was chairman of the National Republican Convention and received one hundred and eighty-two votes for President, but refused to allow his name to be used, adhering to his loyalty to Benjamin Harrison. He was elected President in 1896, and reelected for a second term in 1900. His first term was memorable for the war with Spain over the freeing of Cuba from Spanish domination, and the participation with European nations in military operations on Chinese territory brought about by the slaying of missionaries during a Boxer uprising. He had completed but six months of his second term when he was fatally shot by an assassin, during a visit to the Pan-American Exposition of 1901, at Buffalo, N. Y. The following address was delivered September 5, the day of his assassination. Other speeches by McKinley are given in Volumes II and VIII.

I AM glad to be again in the city of Buffalo and exchange greetings with her people, to whose generous hospitality I am not a stranger, and with whose good-will I have been repeatedly and signally honored. To-day I have additional satisfaction in meeting and giving welcome to the foreign representatives assembled here, whose presence and participation in this exposition have contributed in so marked a degree to its interest and To the commissioners of the Dominion of Canada and the British Colonies, the French Colonies, the Republics of

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Mexico and of Central and South America, and the commissioners of Cuba and Porto Rico, who share with us in this undertaking, we give the hand of fellowship and felicitate with them upon the triumphs of art, science, education, and manufacture which the old has bequeathed to the new century.

Expositions are the timekeepers of progress. They record the world's advancement. They stimulate the energy, enterprise, and intellect of the people, and quicken human genius. They go into the home. They broaden and brighten the daily life of the people. They open mighty storehouses of information of the student. Every exposition, great or small, has helped to some onward step. Comparison of ideas is always educational, and as such instructs the brain and hand of man. Friendly rivalry follows, which is the spur to industrial improvement, the inspiration to useful invention and to high endeavor in all departments of human activity. It exacts a study of the wants, comforts, and even the whims of the people, and recognizes the efficacy of high quality and new prices to win their favor. The quest for trade is an incentive to men of business to devise, invent, improve, and economize in the cost of production. Business life, whether among ourselves or with other people, is ever a sharp struggle for success. It will be none the less so in the future. Without competition we would be clinging to the clumsy and antiquated processes of farming and manufacture and the methods of business of long ago, and the twentieth would be no further advanced than the eighteenth century. But though commercial competitors we are, commercial enemies we must not be.

The Pan-American Exposition has done its work thoroughly, presenting in its exhibits evidences of the highest skill, and illustrating the progress of the human family in the western hemisphere. This portion of the earth has no cause for humiliation for the part it has performed in the march of civilization. It has not accomplished everything; far from it. It has simply done its best; and without vanity or boastfulness, and recognizing the manifold achievements of others, it invites the friendly rivalry of all the powers in the peaceful pursuits of trade and commerce, and will coöperate with all in advancing the highest and best interests of humanity. The wisdom and