The Governor of the Commonwealth was made ex-officio president of the board. The name given to the new corporation was ""The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania."

In the "New Building" the Academy was opened on January 7, 1751, the city having voted 200 pounds for the completion of the building. On September 16, 1751, a Charitable School for the instruction of poor Children gratis in "Reading, Writing and Arithmetick" was opened. The proprietaries Thomas and Richard Penn incorporated "The Trustees of the Academy and Charitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania" in 1753; and in 1755 issued a confirmatory charter, changing the corporate name to "The Trustees of the " etc. College, Academy and Charitable School, William Smith, of the University of Aberdeen, was the first provost of the College. In 1756 he established a curriculum which was adopted later by other colleges. The first college class was graduated in 1757.

From 1762 to 1764 Dr. Smith collected for

the college in England about 6,900 pounds;

and in 1764 his influence had become so strong that it was feared that the college would become sectarian. The Penns and others deprecated this and the trustees bound themselves to use their utmost endeavors that

(the original plan) be not narrowed, nor the members of the Church of England, nor those dissenting from them..........be put on any worse footing in this seminary than they were at the time of receiving the royal brief." From September 1777 to June 1778, college sessions were temporarily discontinued because Philadelphia was held by British troops.

With the Revolution came the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and the adoption of the first Constitution of the Commonwealth. And then, for the first time in American history, higher education and its claims upon the State were made a part of the organic law of a Commonwealth. For the mandate of this first constitution was "that all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more universities. The purpose of this provision, well understood at the time, was to protect the cause of higher education in the College and Academy, for this was the only institution then in existence to which the constitutional mandate could apply.

On November 27, 1779, the Assembly passed an act to carry into effect this provision of the constitution, declaring in the preamble that its purpose was "to alter the charter" of the Academy and College "conformable to the Revolution and to the Constitution and Government of this Commonwealth, and to erect the same into an university." name given to it was "The University of the State of Pennsylvania." The act directed that the confiscated estates of the Loyalists should be preserved to create a fund for the maintenance of the university.

The corporate

Ten years later the "College" charter and property were restored, the new "University

One other provision must needs be mentioned that "The trustees shall annually lay a statement of the funds of the institution before the Legislature of the Commonwealth." Thus was the relationship of the State and the University established by the constitution and the laws of the Commonwealth-a relationship that still exists, and has been recognized in the appropriations made by recent legislatures for new buildings, for special activities of the University, or for general maintenance.

In 1802 the University purchased new grounds on Ninth street, between Market and Chestnut, where the Post Office building now is; there until 1829 the University occupied the building erected for the administrative mansion of the President of the United States; there new buildings were erected after 1829, and from these the University removed to its present site in West Philadelphia, where it has about 110 acres of ground and upward of 50 buildings. The Flower Astronomical Observatory is located at Highland Park Station, Delaware County.

The Provosts have been: 1755-1779 and 1789-1803, William Smith; 1779-1791, of the University of the State of Pennsylvania, John Ewing; 1791-1802, of the University of Pennsylvania, John Ewing; 1807-1810, John McDowell; 1810-1813, John Andrews; 1813-1828, Frederick Beasley; 1828-1833, William Heathcote De Lancey; 1834-1853, John Ludlow: 1854

1859, Henry Vethake; 1860-1868, Daniel Rayes Goodwin; 1868-1880, Charles Janeway Stille; 1881-1894, William Pepper; 1894-1911, Charles C. Harrison; 1911-1920, Edgar F. Smith; 19201924, Josiah H. Penniman (President and Provost).

Among the most recent developments of the University are the organization of the Graduate School of Medicine in 1919, of the School of Fine Arts in 1920, the opening of courses for Dental Hygienists in 1921, and the opening of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering in 1923. The new School is endowed under the will of Alfred Fitler Moore.

The School of Fine Arts combines the course in Architecture, which long ago reached a very high efficiency and reputation in the profession, with the courses in Fine Arts, and the courses in Music.

The Graduate School of Medicine is an outgrowth of the merger, 1916-1918, of the MedicoChirurgical College and Hospital, and the Polyclinic Hospital with the University of Pennsylvania. On this basis, the University has bound together in one cooperative group fiftyfive Philadelphia medical laboratories, libraries, museums, hospitals, clinics, universities and societies. Other organizations in Philadelphia and elsewhere are added yearly. The result an opportunity for medical research and special investigation which draws graduate physicians from many states and countries. At similar opportunity for advanced present no medical study is offered elsewhere in the world. Under this School extension courses for graduate physicians are now offered in several cities throughout the State.

is

Extension work in other fields has been offered by the University for ten years, the four principal centers being located at Scranton, WilkesBarre, Harrisburg, and Reading. There are also a number of extra-mural courses for teachers given in many smaller cities. Extension work

by means of lectures and demonstrations is also given throughout a wide territory by members of the Faculty of the School of Veterinary Medicine. A three-year course in Finance and Commerce leading to a Certificate of Proficiency and taught by members of the Wharton School faculty is given in the four principal extension cities. Courses for teachers are also conducted in these centers by members of the faculties of the College and of the School of Education. During the school year of 1923-24 more than 2,000 students were enrolled in the extension and extra-mural courses given by the University. The tuition fee is low, as the State has made appropriations to assist in defraying the penses.

ex

The School of Dentistry and Thomas W. Evans Institute.

The School of Veterinary Medicine.
The Graduate School of Medicine.
The School of Hygiene and Public Health.

Other Departments of Instruction.

The Evening School of Accounts and Finance. The Extension Schools.

The Psychological Laboratory and Clinic.
The Department of Physical Education.
The Department of Military Science and Tac-
tics.

The Courses for Dental Hygienists.
Public Lectures.

Auxiliary Divisions.

The University Library.

The University Museum.

The University Hospital.

The William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine.

The Graduate School of Medicine Hospitals: The Medico-Chirurgical Hospital, The Polyclinic Hospital.

The Henry Phipps Institute.

The Wistar Institute of Anatomy. The Flower Astronomical Observatory. The University Bureau of Appointments. The Press of the University of Pennsylvania. The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. The Governor of Pennsylvania, President exofficio.

Elected.

1876. Charles C. Harrison, LL.D. 1898. Samuel Frederic Houston, Ph.B.

Elected.

1903. Joshua Bertram Lippincott, B.A. 1905. Arthur Latham Church, B.S. 1906. George Harrison Frazier, B.A. 1910. Charles Louis Borie, Jr., B.S. 1910, Louis C. Madeira, B.S. 1911. Edward T. Stotesbury, LL.D. 1911. George W. Pepper, LL.D., D.C.L. 1911. Morris L. Clothier, LL.D. 1911. John C. Bell, LL.D.

1911. Richard A. F. Penrose, Jr., Ph.D. 1916. William A. Redding, LL.B. 1917. David Milne, Ph.B., M.A. 1919. John Marshall Gest, M.A., LL.D. 1919. Joseph E. Widener.

1921. Charles Day, B.S. in E.E., M.E. 1921. Charles J. Hatfield, M.A., M.D. 1921. Thomas S. Gates, Ph.B., LL.D. 1922. Albert R. Brunker, B.S.

1924. George E. de Schwenitz, M.A., M.D., LL. D., Sc. D., Litt.D.

Administrative Officers.

President and Provost-Josiah H. Penniman, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. Office, 102 College Hall.

Vice-Provost-J. Hartley Merrick, M.A. Office, 104 College Hall.

Secretary-Edward W. Mumford, Ph. B. Office, 3446 Walnut street. Office,

Treasurer-F. Corlies Morgan, B.A. 3446 Walnut street.

Assistant Treasurer-R. L. S. Doggett. Office, 3446 Walnut street. Comptroller-William O. Miller, B.A. Office, 3446 Walnut street.

Assistant Comptroller-Joseph J. Sutton, B.S. Office, 207 South Thirty-sixth street. Recorder-George E. Nitzsche, LL.B. Office, 109 College Hall.

Bursar Sparta Fritz, Jr., B.A., B.S. Office, 207 South Thirty-sixth street.

Purchasing Agent-Boulton Earnshaw. Office, 3446 Walnut street.

Office Manager-Edward R. Loveland, B.S. Office, 3446 Walnut street.

Director of News Bureau-Edward R. Bushnell, B.A. Office, Houston Hall.

Executive Engineer (Department of Buildings and Grounds)-Percy H. Wilson, B.S. in C.E., C.E. Office, 3446 Walnut street.

School of Education-John H. Minnick, Ph.D. Office 108 College Hall.

School of Fine Arts-Warren P. Laird, Sc.D.
Office, Fine Arts Building.

Law School William E. Mikell, LL.M..
LL.D., D.C.L. Office, Law School Building,
Thirty-fourth and Chestnut streets.
School of Medicine-William Pepper, M.D.
Office, Medical Laboratories, Hamilton Walk.
School of Dentistry-Charles R. Turner, D.D.S.,
M.D. Office, Thomas W. Evans Dental
Institute, Fortieth and Spruce streets.
School of Veterinary Medicine-Louis A. Klein,
V.M.D. Office, Veterinary Building, Thirty-
ninth street and Woodland Avenue.
Graduate School of Medicine-George H. Meeker,
Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D., Medical Laboratories,
Hamilton Walk.

Heads of Other Departments.

Directors

Physical Education-R. Tait McKenzie, B.A., M.D., C.M., M.P.E., LL.D. Office, University Gymnasium.

Military Science and Tactics-Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver F. Snyder. Office, Fine Arts Building.

Admissions-George W. McClelland, Ph.D. (For
the College, Towne Scientific School, Wharton
School, School of Education). Office, 207
South Thirty-sixth street.
Summer School-Henry Lamar Crosby, Ph.D.
Office, 109 College Hall.
Librarians-

University Library-Asa Don Dickinson, Office in the Library, Thirty-fourth street below Walnut.

Biddle Law Library-Mrs. Margaret C. Klingelsmith, LL.B., LL.M. Office in the Law School building, Thirty-fourth and Chestnut streets.

Superintendent

University Hospital-Mary V. Stephenson, R. N., (Acting). The hospital is on Spruce street above Thirty-fourth. Communications concerning the hospital and the admission of patients should be addressed to the Superintendent.

Directors

William Pepper Clinical Laboratory-Herbert
Fox, M.D. Office, in the Pepper Laboratory.
The laboratory is on Spruce street below
Thirty-sixth, adjoining the hospital.
Wistar Institute-Milton J. Greenman, Ph. B.,
M.D., Sc.D. Office, Wistar Institute, Thir-
ty-sixth street and Woodland avenue.

John Harrison Laboratory of Chemistry-Walter T. Taggart, Ph.D. Office in the laboratory, Thirty-fourth and Spruce streets.

School of Hygiene and Public Health-Alexander C. Abbott, M.D., Dr.P.H., Sc.D. Office in the Laboratory of Hygiene, Thirtyfourth street below Walnut. First Assistant in the Laboratory-David Hendricks Bergey, M.A., M.D., Dr.P.H.

Randal Morgan Laboratory of Physics-Arthur
W. Goodspeed, Ph.D. Office in the laboratory,
Thirty-fourth street below Walnut.
Psychological Laboratory and Clinic-Lightner
Witmer, Ph.D. Office in College Hall.
Zoological Laboratory-Clarence E. McClung,
Ph.B., M.A., Ph.D., B.A. The laboratory
is on Hamilton Walk.

Robert Hare Chemical Laboratory-D. Wright
Wilson, M.D.
Botanic Garden-Rodney H. True, Ph.D. The
garden is adjacent to the botanical laboratory,
on Hamilton Walk, and is open daily.
Flower Astronomical Observatory-Samuel
Barton, Ph.D., (Pro tempore.)
Extension School-Theodore J. Grayson, B.S.
Office, 108 Logan Hall.

G.

Vocational Training-William C. Ash, M.A.
Office, 106 College Hall.
Schoolmen's Week-Arthur T. Jones, Ph.D.
Office, 3440 Walnut Street.

The University Museum.

The Museum contains the archaeological and ethnological collections of the University, and is situated on Spruce street below Thirty-fourth, opposite Franklin Field. The collections are open to visitors daily from 10 A. M. to 5 P. M. or Sundays from 2 P. M. to 6 P. M. Director: George B. Gordon, Sc.D.

The University of Pittsburgh had its origin in the Pittsburgh Academy, which received its charter from the Legislature on February 28, 1787.

At that time Pittsburgh was a village of less than one thousand population, but the pioneer Scotch and Irish were rapidly pouring in, and the place had an added importance because the convergence of mountain roads and the two rivers made it the natural gateway to the whole Northwest Territory. The Academy had only two predecessors in higher education west of the Allegheny Mountains, and, since these were in Kentucky and Tennessee, it had a wide and virgin field.

The original incorporators were men distinguished in the public life of Western Pennsylvania. Hon. Hugh Henry Brackenridge, a member of the General Assembly and later judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, was the prime mover in securing the charter. Others of the incorporators were Rev. Samuel Barr. Rev. John McMillan, Col. Pressley Neville, Col. Stephen Bayard, and Hon. James Ross (later United States Senator). George Welch was the first principal. The Academy flourished under several heads, the most prominent of whom was Rev. Joseph Stockton, author of the "Western Calculator" and the "Western Spelling Book," in whose administration (1810-1822) it became necessary to expand the scope of the institution. Fulfilling the provision of the Pennsylvania Constitution (adopted 1790) for the establishment of "one or more seminaries of learning," the Legislature, in 1819, reincorporated the Pittsburgh Academy under the title of the Western University of Pennsylvania. Forty acres of land in Allegheny were granted by the State. The title of this land failing, the Legislature made an appropriation, with which a building was erected at Third avenue and Cherry Way. In 1822 the first faculty of the new University -all clergymen-came into office, with Dr. Robert Bruce at its head. It included representatives of five different denominations. The curriculum was enlarged and among the subjects taught were ancient and modern languages, mathematics, and philosophy. The University prospered during this period (1822-1845) and graduated a large number of men who became leaders in the professional, business, and political life of Western Pennsylvania.

The first degrees in engineering were granted by the University in 1842, and the department thus established, which later became the School of Engineering, was one of the earliest technical departments in the United States. In 1845. under the leadership of Hon. Walter H. Lowrie, later chief justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, courses in law were established.

In 1845 the University building was destroyed by fire and a new one was erected on Duquesne Way. This was also destroyed by fire in 1849. These misfortunes so depleted the resources of the University that it was compelled to suspend instruction from 1849 to 1855. In 1854 a new building was erected at Ross and Diamond streets, where work was resumed on October

8. 1855.

In 1866 the Allegheny Observatory was established by a group of interested citizens and conveyed to the University. Samuel Pierpont Langley became director of the observatory in 1867, to remain for more than twenty years, until he became secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. It was here he made many of his epoch-making discoveries in astro-physics and carried out his fundamental experiments in heavier-than-air flight. He was succeeded by other distinguished astronomers, including James E. Keeler and Frank Schlesinger.

When the University building at Ross and Diamond streets was sold to Allegheny County

in 1882, temporary quarters on North Avenue were used until 1890, when new buildings on Observatory hill were ready for occupation. The curriculum was again revised, the requirements advanced, and the Department of Engineering enlarged under Prof. Daniel Carhart as dean. with Reginald A. Fessenden as professor of electrical engineering. In 1897 the School of Mines was established as a State school, with an appropriation from the Legislature. These changes took place under the chancellorship of Dr. W. J. Holland. The following professional schools were added to the University during this period:

The Western Pennsylvania Medical College, organized in 1883, became the Medical Department of the University in 1892, retaining its own charter and board of trustees until 1908. when it became an integral part of the University.

The Pittsburgh Law School was formally organized in 1895, and from its beginning has been the School of Law of the University.

The Pittsburgh College of Pharmacy, established in 1878, became the School of Pharmacy of the University in 1896. It retains its own charter and property, and is under the direction of a separate board of trustees.

The Pittsburgh Dental College was affiliated with the University in 1896, and in 1905 was transferred to University control as the School of Dentistry.

During the early years of the present century, the new building of the Allegheny Observatory was erected in Riverview Park, at a cost of $300,000, raised by Dr. John A. Brashear from gifts of private citizens.

With the accession of Chancellor Samuel Black McCormick in 1904, it was seen that the University had again outgrown its plant. In 1907 approximately 56 acres were purchased in the Schenley district, the present site of the University. The name was changed from the Western University of Pennsylvania to the University of Pittsburgh, as being more appropriate to the community it serves. The first buildings to be erected on the new campus, State and Thaw Halls, were completed in 1909. In 1910 the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research was established by A. W. and R. B. Mellon, with Robert Kennedy Duncan as director, and a permanent building was soon erected. In this institution of international reputation, pure science and the manufacturing industries have been fused into a notably effective system of industrial fellowship, supported by manufacturers, for the improvement of methods and materials.

The School of Economics (renamed School of Business Administration in 1923) and the School of Education were established in 1910. The Graduate School was organized in 1912, although graduate instruction was given in some departments since the '90's.

In 1921 the University purchased the H. K. Porter and Bailey properties (17 acres), adjoining the campus, and the Frick property at Fifth avenue and Bigelow Boulevard (14 acres), opposite the Carnegie Institute, bringing the total area of the campus to 81 acres. These recent additions are to form the sites of important University buildings in the near future, including buildings for the science departments, the School of Medicine, with a group of associated hospitals, and an athletic stadium.

The Chancellors, in earlier years called Principals, have been as follows: Robert Bruce, 1822-1843; Heman Dyer, 1843-1849; David H. Riddle (acting), 1849-1855; John F. McLaren, 1855-1858: George Woods, 1858-1880: Henry Mitchell MacCracken, 1880-1884; Milton B. Goff, 1884-1890; William J. Holland, 1890-1900: John A. Brashear (acting), 1900-1904; Sam

uel Black McCormick, 1904-1920; John Gabbert Bowman, 1920-.

The University Library, comprising the general library and several departmental libraries, contains approximately 100,000 bound volumes. The main collection, together with the reference room and a periodical room receiving more than 400 general and technical periodicals, is located on the third floor of State Hall. Departmental libraries are maintained in the Mellon Institute, Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Law, Engineering, Mines, Allegheny Observatory, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Psychology, and Greek.

The University maintains laboratories in the following departments: Chemistry, Physics, Zoology, Botany, Psychology, Mellon Institute, Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy, and all branches of Engineering and Mines.

The total budget of the University for the year 1923-24 was $2,213,282, including $437,290 for Mellon Institute (1923-24) and $61,684 for the School of Pharmacy (1923-24). Of this amount, $1,056,162 represented income from tuition, $480,000 was appropriated by the State, and $677,120 was income from endowment and other sources. The total original cost of land, buildings, and equipment of the University to June 30, 1925, was $5,218,968. The endowment invested in productive funds at the same date was $959,789.