Every member of the Board and every referee have the power to issue subpoenas, administer oaths, and summon witnesses at the request of either party to a petition, or of his own motion; and to require the attendance of witnesses, and the production of books and papers pertinent to any hearing, and to examine them and such public records as he may require in relation to any matter which he has power to investigate.

All subpoenas issued by the Board or by a referee shall be signed by him or by the secretary of the Board, and may be served by any adult in any part of this Commonwealth.

Any witness who refuses to obey a subpoena of a member of the Board or any referee, or who refuses to be sworn or to testify, or who fails to produce any papers, books, or documents touching any matter under investigation, or who is guilty of any contempt after summons to appear, may be punished as for contempt of court; and for this purpose an application may be made to any court of common pleas within whose territorial jurisdiction the offense was committed, and for which purpose such court is given jurisdiction.

The secretary of the Board and all referees are directed to administer any oaths required, without charge, to the parties to any petition; and all certified copies of awards or disallowances of compensation, or modification thereof, or of receipts for payments of compensation shall be made by the Bureau of Workmen's Compensation or any referee without charge. In the hearing and determination of compensation cases, the Workmen's Compensation Board and the workmen's compensation referees perform their respective duties independently of the Secretary of Labor and Industry, but all clerical, stenographic, and other assistants required by the Workmen's Compensation Board and the workmen's compensation referees are appointed by the Secretary of Labor and Industry, subject to approval of the Governor. STATE WORKMEN'S INSURANCE BOARD.

The State Workmen's Insurance Board administers the State Workmen's Insurance Fund, which was created for the purpose of providing workmen's compensation insurance at cost, and is constituted from certain sums paid by employers for the purpose of insuring such employers against liability under Article III of the Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act. The Board consists of the Secretary of Labor and Industry, who is its chairman, the State Treasurer and the Insurance Commissioner.

On or before the first day of October in each year, the Board prepares a schedule of premiums or rates of insurance for employers, which schedule is printed and distributed free of charge to such employers as make application therefor. The Board determines the amount of premiums which the subscribers to the Fund shall pay, and fixes the premiums for insurance in accordance with the nature of their business and of the various employments of their employes, and the probable risk of injury to their employes therein.

The Board files with the Department of Labor and Industry a notice setting forth the names and places of business of those employers, who from time to time, become insurers in the Fund.

The Board is required to set aside five per cent of all premiums collected, for the creation of a surplus, until such surplus shall amount to one hundred thousand dollars; and thereafter it may set apart such percentage, not exceeding five per cent, as in its discretion it may determine to be necessary to maintain such surplus sufficiently large to cover the catastrophe hazard of all the subscribers to the Fund, and to guarantee the solvency of the Fund.

The Board has the authority to inspect the plant, workroom, shop, farm, mine, quarry, operation, and all other property or premises

of any subscriber, and shall be entitled to examine from time to time the books, records and payrolls of any subscriber or intending subscriber for the purpose of determining the amount of the premiums payable by such subscriber or intending subscriber.

INDUSTRIAL BOARD.

The Industrial Board consists of the Secretary of Labor and Industry, chairman, and four additional members, one of whom must be an employer of labor, one a wage earner, and one a woman. Three members of the Board constitute a quorum. It is an advisory board attached to the Department of Labor and

Industry.

are

The powers and duties of the Board are: To meet at least once each month for the purpose of considering such matters as brought before it or the Secretary shall request; to hold hearings with reference to the application, by the Department, of the laws affecting labor, upon appeal either of employes or hearings to make recommendations to the Deemployers or of the public, and after such partment; to approve or disapprove the rules and regulations established by the Department, and to make suggestions to the Department for the formulation of such rules and regulations; to consider, study, and investigate the conduct of the work of the Department. For this purpose the Board shall have access at any time to all books, papers, documents, and records pertaining to or belonging to the Department and may require oral or written information from any officer or employe thereof.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.

The Department of Health was created by the Act of April 27, 1905, P. L. 312. It took the place, with largely increased and broader powers, of the former State Board of Health. As reorganized by the Administrative Code, the Department now exercises and performs all the powers conferred and duties heretofore imposed by law upon the State Board of Health, or any member, committee or officer thereof, including the Secretary.

The Secretary of Health is the head of the Department. He is appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate for a term of four years. He is, by virtue of his office, a member of the State Board of Medical Education and Licensure, Dental Council and Examining Board, Water and Power Resources Board, chairman of the Sanitary Water Board, Anatomical Board, Welfare Commission and chairman of the Delaware River Treaty Commission. (Act of 1923, P. L. 448.)

It is the duty of the Department of Health to protect the health of the people of the State, and to determine and employ the most efficient and practical means for the prevention and suppression of disease.

The Secretary of Health may issue warrants to any sheriff, constable or policeman to arrest all persons who disobey the quarantine orders or regulations of the Department of Health and in the inspection of nuisances the Secretary's duly authorized agents have the power and authority conferred by law upon constables.

The Department of Health has the power to cause examination to be made of nuisances or questions affecting the security of life and health in any locality; and for this purpose, without fee or hindrance, to enter, examine, and survey all grounds, vehicles, apartments, buildings, and places within the State.

It has the further power and authority to order nuisances detrimental to the public health or the causes of diseases and mortality, to be abated and removed; and to enforce quarantine regulations. Where the owner or occupant of any premises, whereon any nuisance detrimental to the public health exists, refuses to comply with the order of the Department or its authorized agent or employe, for the abatement or removal there

The Department may revoke and modify any order, regulation, by-law, or ordinance of a local board of health, concerning a matter which, in its judgment, affects the public health beyond the territory over which such local board has jurisdiction.

It has general supervision of the State registration of births, marriages, deaths and diseases; of practitioners of medicine and surgery; of midwives, nurses and undertakers and of all persons whose occupation is deemed to be of importance in obtaining complete registration of births, deaths, marriages, and diseases. It prescribes and prepares the necessary methods and forms for obtaining and preserving such statistics and secures the prompt and faithful registration of the same, and prescribes the form for applications for marriage licenses.

The Act of June 7, 1915, gives at length the duties of the Bureau of Vital Statistics, of the State Registrar and of the local registrars who are appointed by the Secretary of Health, in every township, borough and city in the State, to assist in the collection of vital statistics. The Administrative Code of 1923 transferred to the Department of Health the duties of the Bureau of Vital Statistics and of the State Registrar.

By the Act of June 1, 1907, the management and control of the sanatorium on the State Forestry Reservation near Mont Alto, in Franklin County, was transferred from the Depart ment of Forestry to the Department of Health. The Act of May 14, 1907, P. L. 197, provides for the establishment in the State of one

or more sanatoria "for the reception and treatment of indigent persons affected with incipient tuberculosis and those so far advanced with the same disease that they may be made comfortable and removed from their families and people at large to prevent the spread of the contagion," and for these purposes the Department of Health with the approval of the Governor is authorized "to acquire property, erect buildings, equip the same and do all things necessary to accomplish such work for the best interest of the people of this Commonwealth in curing and preventing tuberculosis." The Department now has dispensaries for tuberculosis at 100 places and 18 admitting centers in the State.

The State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mont Alto, Franklin County, is able to care for about 900 patients. Sanatorium No. 2, Cresson, Cambria County, is able to care for 700 patients. Sanatorium No. 3, Hamburg, in Berks County, which was opened for the reception of patients late in October, 1914, cares for nearly 500 cases.

By Act of June 12, 1913, the Secretary of Health was authorized to take charge of boroughs and first-class townships in which there is not an active and efficient Board of Health and to administer the health laws therein at the expense of the borough or township until such time as an active and efficient board has been organized and is ready to assume and carry into effect the public health laws. The Administrative Code of 1923 conferred this power upon the Department.

By Act of May 28, 1915, and its supplement, the Act of 1921, sanitary conditions in hotels and public eating and drinking places are regulated, with special reference to medical inspection of employes.

The Department of Health has the supervision and enforcement of the Act of July 11, 1917, pertaining to the protection of public health by regulating the possession, control, dealing in, giving away, delivery, dispensing, administering, prescribing and use of certain drugs and keeping records thereof and the regulation of the use of drugs and the treatment of the drug babit by providing for the revocation and sus

The Department is also authorized to appoint inspectors who may arrest, without a warrant, violators of the Act of April 20, 1921, known as the Narcotic Act.

The Department of Health shall have the power to approve or disapprove plans and specifications for county hospitals or sanatoria erected for the treatment therein of indigent persons suffering from tuberculosis.

By the Act of June 23, 1917, the Secretary of Health must examine and approve plans for construction and location of public mausoleums. By Act of June 5, 1919, the Secretary of Health, with the sanction of the Advisory Health Board of the Department of Health, is authorized to promulgate rules and regulations concerning vaccination of school children and certificates of vaccination.

By Act of June 20, 1919, the names of medibefore the first day of September of each year cal school inspectors are made reportable on or

to the Secretary of Health.

By Act of June 23, 1919, the Secretary of Health is authorized to provide medical inspection for all pupils in the public schools in school districts of the fourth class.

By Act of July 22, 1919, the Secretary of Health is authorized to prescribe rules of procedure for examination and report by medical inspectors of defective children subject for special education and training.

By Act of May 16, 1921, the Secretary of Health is authorized to send to the State Asylum for the Chronic Insane, where accommodations are provided, persons afflicted with syphilis who refuse treatment or are quarantined for syphilis as menaces to the public health, for treatment there; and the treatment and discharge of syphilitic persons so committed to this supervision of the Secretary of Health.

institution shall be under the control and

By Act of June 28, 1923, certain diseases are specially declared to be communicable and the Department of Health, through the Secretary of Health and the Advisory Health Board, is au

thorized to declare other diseases to be communi

cable; the method of declaring diseases to be communicable, reportable or quarantinable being set forth in the Act.

By the Act of July 8, 1923, the Department of Health shall investigate the sanitary condition of tenements, lodging and boarding houses and when the same are found to be a menace to those occupying the same or employed therein, or to be overcrowded, to condemn the same and to notify the owners or agents thereof in writing, setting forth the insanitary or overcrowded condition thereof, specifying the changes or alterations which shall be made thereto for the purpose of relieving such conditions, and further specifying the time within which such changes or alterations shall be completed or overcrowding relieved.

The officers and agents of the Department shall at all times have the right of ingress into all tenement, lodging and boarding houses.

The Department of Health under the Administrative Code is empowered to issue water. works permits and stipulate therein the conditions under which water may be supplied to the public and to administer Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the Act approved April 22, 1905, P. L. 260, which requires that no municipal corporation, private corporation, company or individual, shall construct water works for the supply of water to the public within the State or extend the same without a written permit to be issued if the proposed source of supply appears to be not prejudicial to the public health.

The application for such permit must be accompanied by a certified copy of the plans and surveys for such water works or extension there

of with a description of the source from which it is proposed to derive the supply and no additional source of supply shall subsequently be used for any such water works without a similar permit.

ADVISORY HEALTH BOARD.

This Board was created by the Administrative Code and succeeds the Advisory Board of the Department of Health created by the Act of 1905. The Advisory Health Board is composed of the Secretary of Health and six members, a majority of whom are physicians, graduates of legally constituted medical colleges and have had at least ten years' experience in the practice of their profession. One member must be a civil engineer.

The Secretary of Health is chairman of the Board.

The Board has the power and its duties are to advise the Secretary of Health on such matters as he may bring before it and to make such reasonable rules and regulations not contrary to law as the Board may deem necessary for the prevention of disease for the protection of the lives and health of the people of Pennsylvania and for the proper performance of the work of the Department of Health. The rules and regulations thus made automatically become the rules and regulations of the Department of Health.

ANATOMICAL BOARD.

This Board was established in 1883. Under the provisions of the Administrative Code, it consists of the Secretary of Health ex-officio, the professors of anatomy, the professors of the demonstrators of anatomy, surgery, the demonstrators of surgery of the medical and dental schools of the Commonwealth which

have become incorporated, together with one representative from each of the unincorporated schools of anatomy or practical surgery within the State, and in which there are not less than five scholars.

The Board is authorized to effect such organization and elect such officers as from time to time is necessary.

The Board has the power to distribute among the various schools teaching anatomy and surgery within the Commonwealth dead human bod

les which would otherwise be required to be buried at public expense.

SANITARY WATER BOARD.

This Board was created by the Administrative Code. It consists of the Secretary of Health, who is the chairman thereof, the Secretary of Forests and Waters, the Attorney General, the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Chairman of the Public Service Commission.

This Board is authorized to exercise all the powers and perform all the duties formerly vested in and imposed upon the Commissioner of Health, the Governor and the Attorney General, or any of them, by Sections 4 and 5 and Sections 7 to 11 inclusive, of the Act approved April 22, 1905, P. L. 260, which required that no persons, corporation or municipality shall permit any sewage to be discharged into the waters of the State except under the conditions set forth in the Act which includes, inter alia, that a permit may be issued stipulating the conditions under which sewage may be permitted to be discharged, upon application duly made by the public authorities having by law the charge of the sewer system of any municipality, provided, that it shall require the affirmative votes of three of the members of the Board to authorize the granting of a permit for discharging sewage.

to

of Fisheries, the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania with regard to the prevention of pollution of the waters of the Commonwealth; also, to investigate, hold hearings upon and determine any question of fact regarding the purity of water supplied to the public by any public service company over which the Public Service Commission of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has jurisdiction, whenever said Commission shall the Board; also to certify such question make rules and regulations for the effective administration and enforcement of laws prohibiting the pollution of the waters of the State; also, to study, investigate and report ways and means of eliminating from the streams and waters of the Commonwealth, so far as practicable, all substances and materials which pollute or tend to pollute the same and to determine and recommend methods of preventing pollution detrimental to the public health or to the health of animals, fish or aquatic life and detrimental to the use of waters for recreational purposes.

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS.

This Department which assumed the main features of its present working status under the Sproul Highway Act of 1911, P. L. 468, was originally created by the Act of April 15, 1903, re-enacted and amended May 15, 1905, these Acts having been repealed by the Act of 1911.

The Administrative Code of 1923 changed the name of the Department to "Department of Highways," and the title of the head of the The Department to "Secretary of Highways." Secretary of Highways is appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of twothirds of all the members of the Senate.

Under the Act of May 31, 1911, P. L. 468, the Department was authorized to construct and maintain a system of State Highways, and also a system of State-aid Highways in the construction of which the State cooperates with the counties and townships, and in certain instances with boroughs, the State paying fifty per cent and the counties and townships the balance. This Act designated certain highways as State Highways to be constructed and maintained at the expense of the State and designated these highways as State Highway Routes, numbering them from 1 to 296. The Act of July 22, 1913, added Routes 297 to 374. The Act of June 4, 1915, created an additional route which was numbered 375. The Act of April 8, 1925, P. L. 191, established Routes 375 to 544. Certain other routes were also established during the 1925 session of the Legislature, but have not as yet been numbered. An Act approved March 10, 1921, P. L. 23, renders it necessary for county commissioners to take up State-aid applications on file with the Highway Department against the State-aid apportionment to the credit of their county prior to June first of the year next succeeding the appropriation. If this is not done the balances revert to the State-aid fund to be redistributed among the several counties.

maintaining improved State highways in boroughs or incorporated towns the same are to be maintained wholly at the expense of the borough or incorporated town in which such highway lies. Where local authorities refuse or neglect to maintain such highways the Secretary of Highways is authorized to maintain and repair the same and enforce collection of the cost from the borough or incorporated town responsible.

By the Act of June 7, 1919, P. L. 428, the Department was authorized to purchase quarries, machinery, tools and equipment and to erect necessary buildings for the quarrying of stone and the manufacture of any other materials used in the construction and maintenance of State or State-aid highways. It also authorizes the Secretary of Highways in his discretion to construct highways by the agents and employes of the Department.

The Act of June 5, 1919, P. L. 395, provides that all public service pipes and connections shall be laid and made prior to the improvement of any State highway, and that State highways shall not be torn up or opened within a period of five years after the date of their construction or improvement, except in case of unavoidable accident.

Under the Act of July 18, 1917, P. L. 1041, the Secretary of Highways is authorized to take over for construction, reconstruction, improvement and maintenance at the expense of the State and as part of its system of State highways, any road leading from a State highway to any State property maintained as an historical park or used for military purposes. The Department is authorized from time to time to compile and circulate useful information relating to road building maintenance.

Under the Act of March 10, 1921, P. L. 26, counties were authorized to incur indebtedness and expend moneys to pay for the improvement and maintenance of any State highway or Stateaid highway within their proper limits, provided that no improvement can be made until the same has been submitted to and approved by the Department of Highways.

Under

partment of Highways may prescribe. the provisions of the Act of July 14, 1917, P. L. 840, similar permits are required from the Department of Highways in connection with township highways.

Under the Act of May 14, 1925, P. L. 704, the Secretary of Highways with the approval of the Governor is authorized to establish widths and lines of highways for future construction and to maintain highways in their present location until such time as traffic developments warrant relocation and construction.

The Department obtains the revenues to carry on its work from five sources, viz: Legislative appropriations, sale of bonds after legislative enactment authorizing same, motor vehicle registration fees, gasoline taxes and contributions from the Federal Government and local authorities.

All persons owning automobiles or other motor vehicles must register them with the Department of Highways and pay the fees prescribed by the Act of June 30, 1919, P. L. 678 and its amendments. For licenses issued after August 1 of any year, one-half of the annual registration fee is charged, while after November 1, one-fourth fees are charged, and after December 15, plates for the coming year may be used. All persons who desire to operate motor vehicles must have operators' 11censes. All applicants for operators' licenses who have not held a license for the preceding year are issued a learner's permit and required to undergo an examination as to fitness to operate a motor vehicle, such examination being given by the State Highway Patrol. The entire administration of the Motor Vehicle Law is committed to the Department of Highways.

Under the Act of May 24, 1923, P. L. 425, a system was provided for the registration by the Department of Highways of all motor vehicles and the issuance of a certificate of title therefor for the protection of owners and to facilitate the recovery of motor vehicles stolen or unlawfully taken. This Act makes it unlawful to operate a motor vehicle under a Pennsylvania registration unless a certificate of title has been issued.

For the purpose of patrolling the State Highways and detecting violations of the Motor Vehicle Act, the Department established late in 1923, the "Highway Patrol," a force of

Under the provisions of the township code, an act approved July 14, 1917, P. L. 840, with its amendments, the Department of Highways acts as advisory engineer to the townships within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Department supervising all purchases and contracts, assisting in the formation of associations of township officials and furnishing townships, when occasion demands, surveys and drawings for road and bridge construction.

ly trained before entering upon their duties and who wear a distinctive uniform when on duty.

The powers of the Department are enumerated in Article XIX of the Administrative Code which appears at page 595 of the 1923 Pamphlet Laws.

DEPARTMENT OF WELFARE.

This Department was created by the Act of May 25, 1921, P. L. 425, which abolished the Board of Public Charities, the Committee on Lunacy and the Prison Labor Commission, and combined in the new Department the powers and duties of these three agenies.

The Department was originally known as the Department of Public Welfare, but its name was changed by the Administrative Code "Department of Welfare."

to

The Secretary of Welfare is the head of this Department and is appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate for a period of four years.

There are four Bureaus in the Department of Welfare, specified by law; namely, the Bureau of Mental Health, Bureau of Children, Bureau of Assistance, and Bureau of Restoration. Attached to the Bureau of Children as a section is the Mothers' Assistance Fund, which formerly was a part of the Department of Public Instruction. In the Bureau of Restoration is included the Prison Labor Section which, prior to 1921, operated under an independent commission. A new unit, known as the State