APPENDIX A.

Page 7. I received the following from Mr. Morse Stephens, Oxford:

:

'The following short chronology of Marat's earlier life will show where there may be a fragment of truth, and what is undoubtedly false. Marat was born 1743 at Neufchatel; left home 1759; published "Essay on Man" 1773 in London. Here comes the great lacuna, from 1759-1773. He asserts that he travelled in France, spent some time at Bordeaux and Paris (the latter fact is certainly indicated by the pamphlet I have unearthed), spent a year in Holland, and then came to England. He states in his later writings that he spent eleven years in England: he undoubtedly went back to Paris, when he received his Court appointment in 1777 so that I date his arrival in England at 1766 or 1767. What did he do between 1766 and the publication of his book in 1773? He undoubtedly studied science much and read much, for his book on "Man" is full of classical and medieval lore. He also thoroughly learnt English. I am inclined to think he spent those years studying medicine, and later in practice in London, as we find him a well-known doctor in 1776, and sufficiently famous to be summoned from England to fill a Court post at Paris in 1777. Now it is just possible that he may have taught French at the Unitarian Academy of Warrington in the earlier years of his stay, say 1767-69, though I should be inclined to doubt it. The point deserves investigation, and I should be glad if you could help me, but the latter part of the extract is utterly impossible. The trial of Le Maitre for the robbery at the Ashmolean took place in 1778, when Marat was in Paris, writing scientific books,

and a well-known person of fashion. The later part of the quotation falls with this, for we know every year of Marat's Paris life, when he used to entertain such men as Dr. Franklin. If the Mara of the Warrington Academy was that Marat, you must show he was not Le Maitre, no very difficult thing to do, as their identity, or the fact of Le Maitre's being Mara, is not alluded to at all in the trial. That done, the Mara of Warrington may be our Marat, for his original name was Mara, and he probably did not Gallicize it till he began to publish. I hope you will excuse this long rigmarole, but you have brought it on yourself by taking such a kindly interest in my work. Now if you can in any way manage to prove the years in which Mara was at Warrington, we can work tentatively on that basis; and again, would it be too much to ask if you know anyone at Dublin, who would work up the Medical record between 1797 and 1773, to see if Marat took a degree there, or became a student there? He declares he spent a year in Dublin, and it would be a great help to know when it was.'

Still there is a problem. There is evidence that a similar name was in the Warrington Academy books, and later investigations have not found it. Has it been erased? There was the Place called Mara's Walk in Warrington, from the Bridge to the Bank Quay. Mr. Bright, in volume xi. of the Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire,' says that he cannot find Marat's name in the minutes of the Academy, and thinks Mr. Turner must have made a mistake. Mr. R. D. Darbishire too cannot find the name. Still the general belief in Warrington and the name of the place, " Mara's walk," cannot be put aside along with Mr. Turner's words. But the best reason for believing in the difference of the men is perhaps in the Christian names. The revolutionist was Jean Paul, but we learn from Mr. Beamont (of Orford Hall, Warrington) that the name of the teacher there was Jean Pierre. Jeremiah Mara took his degree in arts in 1762 or 1773 in Dublin.

APPENDIX B.

Page 202. The following summary has been sent me by Mr. Frank Nicholson :

6

The Manchester Academy was instituted February 22, 1786, on which day a very respectable meeting of gentlemen' unanimously agreed that 'an academy should be established in Manchester, on a plan affording a full and systematic course of education for Divines, and preparatory instruction for the other learned professions, as well as for civil and commercial life. This institution will be open to young men of every religious denomination, from whom no test or confession of faith will be required.'

The first session was opened September 14, 1786, by an address from Rev. Thos. Barnes, D.D. (Professor of Hebrew, Metaphysics, Ethics, and Theology).

Thomas Percival, M.D., F.R.S, was the first chairman. The Rev. Ralph Harrison (elected a member of the Literary and Philosophical Society, December 5, 1781) was Professor of Classical Literature. The first name on the roll of regular students is James Percival; further comes Peter Henry, also of Manchester. In the next year (January 1787) Edward Holme, of Kendal (M.D., President of the Literary and Philosophical Society, 1844-47), and (September 1787) William Henry (M.D., VicePresident 1817 onwards).

In March 1788, Hector Mortier (of Catteau, near Cambray) was admitted. In a paper by the late J. Moore, Esq., F.L.S., in Harland's Collectanea' ('Chatham Society's Publications,' vol. lxxii.) he is identified with Marshal Mortier, Duc de Treviso,

1 See List, p. 33.

killed by Fieschi's infernal machine in 1843. Probably, however, Hector was a younger brother of the Marshal.

Lewis Loyd, admitted September 1789, was appointed assistant classical tutor in the Academy 1790–92. He afterwards became a banker, and was, I believe, the father of Samuel James Lloyd, the present and first Baron Overstone.

In 1791 John Moore (President of the Literary and Philosophical Society, 1851-4, and F.L.S.) was admitted a student.

In 1793 John Dalton was appointed tutor in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and held that appointment until 1800. So the 'New College' (page 202) is the Manchester Academy, to which belongs the credit of having brought Dalton to Manchester.

In 1796 (January 7), Samuel Hibbert was admitted a student, (afterwards Hibbert-Ware, M.D., author of The Foundations of Manchester,' etc.).

In 1798, the Rev. George Walker, F.R.S., became Professor of Theology (President of the Literary and Philosophical Society, 1805-6), and appears to have acted as Principal until 1803, when the Academy was removed to York, where it was carried on as 'Manchester College, York,' until 1840. In that year it returned to Manchester as 'Manchester New College,' with Wallace Robberds, Kenrick, Martineau, J. J. Tayler, and Newman on its list of professors. In 1853, it removed to London, where, as 'Manchester New College, London,' it is now occupying University Hall, Gordon Square, W.C.