constitutes as well the upper house of the legislature. The Willoughby, lower house, called the assembly, is a body of eighty mem- Territories and Dependbers1 chosen for a term of two years by those men 23 years encies, of age who own property or can speak, read, and write 191–201. Spanish or English. This central legislature makes laws subject to the Philippine acts passed by Congress. The judges of the highest court are selected in Washington, and two "resident commissioners" chosen by the Philippine legislature represent the islands at the American capital.

Moses, Gov't

of U. S., 276-279.

Each province has a board consisting of an elected gov- Local governor and several appointed officials, who look after the col- ernment. lection of revenues and the preservation of order in the province. A much larger share of governing is left to the municipalities into which the islands are divided. These municipalities elect their own magistrate and councils, which govern them under the laws passed by Congress or the insular government. The system seems to work well, and the progress in self-government and in education under American supervision has been creditable to both the Philippines and the Americans.

Willoughby,
Territories

and Depend-
encies,

224-235,

254-278.

270. Government of Porto Rico. - The greater intelli- Central gence of the people of Porto Rico necessarily affects the government. government of that colony. The suffrage is universal, except that those who become voters hereafter must be able to read Willoughby, and write. These voters elect the lower house of the legislature and many local officials, but the upper house consists of eleven persons, five of whom must be Porto Ricans, selected by the President and Senate. Six of these persons are also heads of different executive departments who assist the gov

ernor.

The governor has about the same powers as governors in organized territories, but appoints a larger number of local officials. As in the Philippines, the governor, as well as the judges of the highest court, hold office directly from the President. One "resident commissioner " represents the territory in Washington.

1 Not more than 100 nor less than 50.

Territories and Depend

encies,

92-107.

Local

The system, of local government in the island has been government. completely reorganized under American rule by the central government. The voters are allowed to choose a mayor and Willoughby, councils in the municipalities, which form the only district for local government. The people have more control over their finances and some other matters than in the Philippine Islands, but there are no local judges, and the work of local government is at all times supervised carefully by the insular authorities.

Territories and Depend

encies, 128-143.

History and

ernment.

271. The District of Columbia.- In the Constitution, power present gov- is given to Congress "to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the Willoughby, acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government Territories of the United States." A law passed in 1790, arranged for and Dependencies, the location of the district upon the banks of the Potomac," 307-318. the land being ceded to the United States by Maryland and Virginia, although the part upon the south bank was re-ceded to Virginia in 1846. The district is now governed by three commissioners appointed by Congress, with power to select minor officials, and supervise the administration of all local affairs.2

Proposed improve

ment of the national capital.

Baldwin,

E. F., in Outlook, 70 (1902), 817-829.

The limits of the city of Washington have been made to coincide with those of the district. Because it is the capital city, especial care is taken to make the city worthy of the American people. Originally laid out by an artist engineer, Washington is prepared admirably to become the most beautiful city in America. By the grouping of public buildings, the creation of parks and the extension of the

1 The selection of the location for the national capital aroused a great deal of interest and feeling, as each section was anxious to have the seat of government situated within its borders. Preference was finally given the South in order to gain Southern votes for "state assumption," a measure which Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton considered invaluable in establishing the public credit.

2 Two afternoons a month are devoted in Congress to bills relating to the government of the district.