lawful commands. If fuch an order as is ftated fhould be given and difobeyed, a court-martial would try it, and determine whether or not it was a lawful command. If it was obeyed, be the confequence what it might, there would be end of the difcipline of the navy if the officer could be tried for murder; for, if he could be fo tried in the worst cafe that could be put, he might be tried in every cafe, and he would be anfwerable to be tried for his life for any ac cident occafioning death that happened to any man in his ship, or under his command, in the execution of any hazardous order; nay, he might be tried, for every fhip and for all the lives on board, that fhould be loft, by obeying any order from him. It is not fufficient to fay, that he could only be convicted when he knew that the infallible confequence of his order would be, the death of the man, or the lofs of the fhip; becaufe, if he can be tried in any fuch case, he may be tried in every cafe; and what an occafion would fuch a doctrine afford, to perfons unwilling to do their duty, of obstructing the public fervice, by threatening profecutions in confequence of every order, and foretelling what would happen if obeyed, having themselves in a great measure the power of fulfilling their prediction.'

Rigid as this doctrine may be deemed, it is as effential to the nature of the fervice required, as that fervice is to the fafety of the ftate; nor can it be deemed too rigid, while there is no want of men from all stations of life, defirous of fubfcribing to the full extent of it in this view, no extraneous principles whatever ought to be admitted that can in the least degree tend to relaxation. Every one must be fenfible of the difference between a mob convulfed by dif cordant caprices, and a regular body of men guided and actuated by one will

Art. 43. Anno 27mo Georgii III. An Act for repealing the feveral Duties of Customs and Excife, and granting other Duties in lieu thereof, and for applying the faid Duties, together with other Duties compofing the public Revenue; for permitting the Importation of certain Goods, Wares, and Merchandize, the Produce or Manufacture of the European Dominions of the French King, into this Kingdom, &c. Folio. 9s. The King's Printers.

Though we do not ordinarily notice acts of parliament, we think ourfelves obliged to acquaint our readers with this, which fo greatly concerns the public revenue. By this act, the old duties and draw. backs are to ceafe, and new ones are to be levied, from May 10, 1787, according to the rates fpecified in fix annexed fchedules, which form a complete book of rates, both of the Cuftom and Excife duties. By the arrangement here made, any perfon may inftantly inform himself of the duty and drawbacks on any particular article.

Art. 44. Tables of the net Duties payable, and drawbacks allowed, on Goods, Wares, &c. Published under the inspection of Mr. Edward James Maical, of the Custom Houfe. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Lowndes. 1787.

The schedules mentioned in the foregoing article are here put into a fmaller form, feveral alphabets of the former being reduced

to

to one, so as to give a more comprehenfive view of the whole. We cannot however fuppofe that any abridgement, though it may be more portable, or convenient, can, in point of correctnefs, be preferable to the original, published by authority.

MEDICA L.

Art. 45. An Account of Cures, by the Vegetable Syrup of Mr. De Velnos, in the Venereal Difeafe. 8vo. 6d. Sold at No. 21. Frith-Street, Soho.

Art. 46. Hints to Families on the increafing prevalence of Scrophulas, Afthmas, Confumptions, and Palfies, from the prefent Method of Treatment in the Measles and Small-pox. By Ifaac Swainfon. 8vo. 6d. Ridgeway. 1787.

Thefe two publications fpeak, in ftrong terms, of the efficacy of Velnos' Vegetable Syrup, efpecially in fcrophulous cafes. As to the production of fcrophula by an exceffive antiphlogistic treatment of the fmall-pox, our fentiments are different from thofe of Mr. Swainfon, and must remain fo, until facts and experience, joined with Mr. Swainfon's reafoning, confirm his doctrine. We have frequently feen glandular fwellings fucceed the inoculated fmall-pox; but thefe tumours differ effentially from the fcrophula in being inflamatory, eafy of fuppuration, readily healed, &c. Mr. Swainfon jufliy remarks, that the antiphlogistic regimen is carried to excefs; a certain degree of warmth is abfolutely neceflary for the difcharge of the morbific matter, either by means of the eruption or infenfible perfpiration.

Art. 47. Narrative of the efficacy of Bath Waters, in various kinds of Paralytic Disorders admitted into the Bath Hofpital from the end of 1775 to the end of 1785; with particular Relations of 52 Cafes. Published by order of the Committee at the Hofpital expence. δνο. is. 6d. Bath, Cruttwell. London, Dilly.

1787.

By this statement of the fuccefs of Bath waters, in cafes of palfies, for 10 years, it appears, that 1102 paralytic patients were received into the Hofpital; of thefe 237 were cured; 596 were benefited; 233 were not benefited; and 36 died. This part of the publication is an extract from the Hofpital regifter, made by the attending phyficians and furgeons; yet the principal part of the performance is a minute relation of 52 particular cafes of palfy, in which the waters of Bath had been ufed with the particular view of determining their antiparalytic quality. It is from facts alone, when faithfully related, that the medical properties of any remedy can be afcertained. On this principle, the authors of the prefent publication have specified each cafe, and have given a particular defcription of the leading fymptoms, before, during, and after, the ufe of the waters; fo that their efficacy is placed in a moft confpicuous point of view.

Art. 48. The Edinburgh new Difpenfatory: Containing, firft, The Elements of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 2dly, The Materia Medica, or an Alphabetical Arrangement of the Subftances employed in Medicine; with an Account of their Virtues and Ufes. 3dly, Pharmaceutical

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 4thly, Medicinal Compofitions. The two latter Parts comprehending the Preparations and Compofitions of the laft London and Edinburgh Pharmacopeias, with fuch of the Old Ones as are kept in the Shops; and also the moft Useful of those directed in the London Hofpitals and the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; together with the most esteemed Foreign Medicines; and a Variety of elegant extemporaneous Forms digefted in a regular Method; and the different Departments enriched by the Introduction and Application of the later Difcoveries in Natural History, Chemistry, and Medicine; with particular Directions for performing the various Processes; Remarks on the Properties and Ufes of the feveral Subjects; the Means of diftinguishing fpurious Subftitutes, and of detecting Adulterations, &c. The whole being an Improvement upon the new Difpenfatory of Dr. Lewis. By a Gentleman of the Faculty at Edinburgh. 8vo. 7s. 6d. bound. Elliot, Edinburgh. Robinsons, London. 1786.

As this compilation feems to anfwer, very well, to the defcription given of it in the circumftantial title page, it must be a useful performance, and as fuch we recommend it, as far as we are authorised to do from a curfory inspection: A particular examination would require more time than we can allow to an article of this kind.

Art. 49. A Treatise on Cheltenham Water, and its great Ufe in the prefent Peftilential Conftitution, &c. By John Barker. 8vo. is. 6d. Birmingham printed, 1786.

In this work, the Author, after confidering fpring water in general, treats largely on the mineral fpring at Cheltenham. His chemistry, however, is not adapted to the prefent times. As to the Author's Medical advice, with respect to the regimen neceffary to be observed during our drinking the Cheltenham water, we do not find that it contains any new thoughts. The cafes which Mr. Barker has added, illuftrating the good effects of the water, are the most valuable part of the work, but they would have been much better had they been barely related without the reflections which the Author has made on them.

Art. 50. Obfervations on the Ufe and Abuse of the Cheltenham Waters, in which are included Occafional Remarks on different Saline Compofitions. By J. Smith, M. D. Savilian Profeffor of Geometry at Oxford. 8vo. 1s. 6d. Murray. 1786.

The Author fays, in his preface, that this publication was undertaken, not with any view of recommending the waters to the attention of the public, but chiefly in order to correct fome errors and abufes in the difpenfation of them: He, therefore, gives no analyfis of the water, but confines himself wholly to its medical qualities, and to the confideration of fuch maladies as may be relieved by its ufe. The Cheltenham water abounds with Glauber's and Epfom falts, and confequently acts as a purgative; and, containing a fmall portion of iron, it counteracts that relaxation which ordinary faline purgatives generally occafion.

The Profeffor does not however reftrain himself from taking an ample and extenfive view of the action of faline fubftances on the

human

human body; he explains their mode of operation, relates the effects they produce, and examines the cafes in which they may be adminiflered with fuccefs.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Art. 51. Enquiries concerning Lettres de Cachet; the Confequences of arbitrary Imprifonments; and a Hiftory of the Inconveniencies, Diftreffes, and Sufferings of State Prifoners. Written in the Dungeon of the Caftle of Vincennes by the Count de Mirabeau. With a Preface by the Tranflator. 8vo. 2 Vols. 12s. Boards.

Robinfons. 1786.

In the Appendix to our LXVIIth volume, page 537, we gave a circumftantial account of the original of this work, foon after its publication at Neufchatel; we fhall therefore refer our Readers to that article, adding, that the tranflation is well executed, and more free from Gallicifms than the generality of works that are tranflated from the French.

Art. 52.

An Addrefs to Tradefmen, particularly Shop-keepers, throughout the Kingdom: containing, Obfervations on the Mischiefs and Obflructions to the Profperity of fair Trade, from the evil Practices of Hawkers, Riders, Smugglers, &c. with Propofitions for Remedy thereof, and for a further Amendment of the Shop Tax. By a Tradefman. 8vo. 6d. Richardfon. 1786.

This pamphlet is evidently the production of fome man in bufinefs; and is a fenfible, but rambling performance: for when men, not used to exprefs their minds on paper, undertake fuch a task, they generally exhauft their fubject, or, more properly, fnatch the opportunity to give their thoughts on all fubjects they can introduce and connect with the profeffed one. When the legislature have cleared their hands of the regulations of foreign commerce, ample work is here cut out for the reformation of abufes in our internal trade. Art. 53. The Children's Friend. Tranflated from the French of M. Berquin. Complete in four Volumes. Ornamented with Frontifpieces. 12mo. 8s. Stockdale. 1787.

We flatter ourselves (fays the tranflator), that we fhall offer no unacceptable prefent to the public, in giving a complete tranflation of all the works of the admired M. Berquin. As to the accuracy of the tranflation, it becomes us to be filent; nor do we pretend to any higher merit than that of being faithful imitators of a great original.' The prefent tranflator has judiciously thought it right to take fome liberties with his original, and where he has confined himfelf to merely altering the language and idioms, he has generally. fucceeded, and rendered thofe parts more fuitable to an English reader; but where he has altered whole fcenes in the dramas, and formed new incidents, we think he has not been fo happy in every inftance, though fometimes he has fucceeded in adapting the original to the manner of this country. We wish we could demonftrate the truth of this obfervation by fome proper extracts; but as we have more than once before mentioned M. Berquin's works, we can now only notice them in a curfory manner.

REV. June, 1787.

We

"

We here and there meet with Scotticifms or Irifhifms; and the Janguage is fometimes reprehenfible on the fcore of inelegance, as, it is they,' I am the liker my little musician,' &c. &c. The tranflator has, however, been very judicious in fome of his alterations, where the perfons reprefented are clowns, &c. by fuiting the names and phrafeology to the manners and cuftoms of the English ruftic; and his poetical tranflations of the French verfes are far from contemptible.

When we confider it altogether, we think that this work, notwithstanding the errors that are to be found in it, certainly has a confiderable fhare of merit, and will be an acceptable prefent to children who cannot as yet read the original.

Art. 54. The Antiquities of Stamford and St. Martin's. Compiled chiefly from the Annals of the Rev. Francis Peck. With Notes. By W. Harrod. 12mo. 2 Vols. 7s. Boards. Stamford, printed by the Author, and fold by Lowndes in London.

Four reafons are affigned for this publication: The first is The fcarcity of the prefent hiftories of Stamford. II. The length of time elapfed fince their publication.' III. That by methodizing and pruning the redundancies of former writers, a history lefs exceptionable than the preceding might be obtained.'

The laft, though, fays our cheerful Editor, not the leaft, is my own private emolument. Yet he adds, as egotifm is a figure of speech which no reader is fond of, and myself being as little fond of it as any reader, I fhall not dwell on this, but infift on the three former heads only.'

It fufficiently appears that a work of this kind was wanting. Mr. Peck, an induftrious antiquary, brought down his annals no lower than 1461, and though collected with great care, they will afford but little pleasure except to the profeffed antiquary. Other books of the kind are fhort, defective, and yet very fcarce. On fuch accounts, taking Peck for his ground, and ufing what other helps he could obtain, Mr. Harrod brings down his work to the prefent time. He acknowledges obligation to feveral who have contributed to his affitance, and in particular to the Earl of Exeter, for the privilege of confulting his libraries, and for enabling this compiler to give a correct account of his most valuable pictures.' He affigns as a reafon for the fmall fize of his volumes, his opinion, that a great book is a great evil. Should any fay that this is arguing against his own intereft, fince he has fome folio's to difpofe of; he replies, he has fome little reafon to lament, with Fulmer in the West Indian, when I fet up bookfelling the people left off reading.' He has bestowed attention and labour on his work, which, though it will admit no doubt of emendations and improvement, is entertaining and informing; and will be particularly acceptable to thofe who have connections with Stamford and its environs.

that

Art. 55. Memoirs of the late Pious and Reverend Gabriel D'Anville, V. D. M. Including feveral Anecdotes, &c. &c. 12mo. 2 Vols. 55. Bew. 1787.

See this work characterifed laft month, p. 455. under the title of Gafpel Experiences.

Art.