132. The wife of his brother, if fhe be of ⚫ the fame class, must be faluted every day; but his paternal and maternal kinfwomen need only ' be greeted on his return from a journey.

133. mother, and with his own elder sister, let him ' demean himself as with his mother; though his mother be more venerable than they.

With the fifter of his father and of his

134. • Fellow citizens are equal for ten years; ' dancers and fingers, for five; learned theologians, for lefs than three; but perfons related by blood, for a fhort time: that is, a greater difference of age deftroys their equality.

135. The ftudent must consider a Bráhmen, though but ten years old, and a Chatriya, though aged a hundred years, as father and 'fon; as between those two, the young Brábmen

is to be refpected as the father.

136. Wealth, kindred, age, moral conduct, ' and, fifthly, divine knowledge, entitle men to refpect; but that, which is laft mentioned in order, is the most refpectable.

137. Whatever man of the three highest 'claffes poffeffes the most of those five, both in ' number and degree, that man is entitled to moft

'refpect; even a Súdra, if he have entered the ' tenth decad of his age.

138. Way must be made for a man in a 'wheeled carriage, or above ninety years old, or

afflicted with difeafe, or carrying a burden; for a woman; for a priest just returned from the manfion of his preceptor; for a prince, and for > a bridegroom:

139. Among all those, if they be met at one time, the priest juft returned home and the prince are most to be honoured; and of those two, the priest juft returned fhould be treated with more respect than the prince,

140. That priest, who girds his pupil with the facrificial cord, and afterwards inftructs him in the whole Véda, with the law of facrifice and the facred Upanishads, holy fages call an áchárya: 141. But he, who, for his livelihood, gives instruction in a part only of the Véda, or in grammar, and other Védangas, is called an upádhyaya, or fublecturer,

142. The father, who performs the ceremonies on conception and the like, according to law, and who nourishes the child with his firft rice, has the epithet of guru, or venerable.

143. He, who receives a ftipend for preparing the holy fire, for conducting the páca and agnifhtóma, and for performing other facrifices, is called in this code the ritwij of his employer. 144. He, who truly and faithfully fills both ears with the Véda, must be confidered as equal to a mother; He must be revered as a father; Him the pupil muft never grieve.

6

145. A mere áchárya, or a teacher of the * gayatri only, furpaffes ten upadhyayas; a father, a hundred fuch ácháryas; and a mother, a thousand natural fathers.

6

146. Of him, who gives natural birth, and ❝him, who gives knowledge of the whole Véda, 'the giver of facred knowledge is the more ve⚫nerable father; fince the Second or divine birth 'enfures life to the twice born both in this world ❝ and hereafter eternally.

147. Let a man confider that as a mere human birth, which his parents gave him for "their mutual gratification, and which he re'ceives after lying in the womb;

148. But that birth, which his principal áchárya who knows the whole Véda, procures for him by his divine mother the Gayatri, is a < true birth: that birth is exempt from age and from death.

149. Him, who confers on a man the be'nefit of facred learning, whether it be little or 'much, let him know to be here named guru, or venerable father, in confequence of that heavenly benefit.

150. A Bráhmen, who is the giver of spiri'tual birth, the teacher of prescribed duty, is by 'right called the father of an old man, though ' himself be a child.

-151. CAVI, or the learned, child of ANGIRAS,

taught his paternal uncles and coufins to read the Véda, and, excelling them in divine knowledge, faid to them "little fons:"

152. They, moved with refentment, asked the Gods the meaning of that expreffion; and the Gods, being affembled, answered them: "The child has addreffed you properly;

153. "For an unlearned man is in truth a "child; and he, who teaches him the Véda, is "his father: holy fages have always faid child "to an ignorant man, and father to a teacher of "fcripture."

I 54: "Greatnefs is not conferred by years, not by gray hairs, not by wealth, not by powerful kindred; the divine fages have established this rule: "Whoever has read the Védas and "their Angas, He among us is great,

155. The feniority of priests is from facred learning; of warriours, from valour; of merchants, from abundance of grain; of the fervile class, only from priority of birth.

156. A man is not therefore aged, because his head is gray: him, furely, the Gods confidered as aged, who, though young in years, has read and understands the Véda.

157. As an elephant made of wood, as an antelope made of leather, fuch is an unlearned • Brahmen: those three have nothing but names,

158. As an eunuch is unproductive with

C women, as a cow with a cow is unprolifick, as

liberality to a fool is fruitlefs, fo is a Bráhmen ' useless, if he read not the holy texts.

I 59.

'Good inftruction must be given with

out pain to the inftructed; and sweet gentle speech must be used by a preceptor, who • cherishes virtue.

160. He, whofe difcourfe and heart are pure, and ever perfectly guarded, attains all 'the fruit arifing from his complete course of ftudying the Véda.

161. Let not a man be querulous, even though in pain: let him not injure another in ' deed or in thought; let him not even utter a word, by which his fellow creature may fuffer uneafinefs; fince that will obftruct his own progrefs to future beatitude.

162. A Bráhmen fhould constantly shun worldly honour, as he would fhun poison; and rather conftantly feek disrespect, as he ' would feek nectar;

163. For though scorned, he may sleep with pleasure; with pleasure may he awake; with' pleasure may he pass through this life: but the fcorner utterly perishes.

164. 'Let the twice born youth, whose soul has been formed by this regular fucceffion of prefcribed acts, collect by degrees, while he dwells with his preceptor, the devout habits proceeding from the study of fcripture