Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai: Foundations of Human BehaviourRichard Potts Routledge, 28 июл. 2017 г. - Всего страниц: 407 The earliest sites at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania are among the best documented and most important for studies of human evolution. This book investigates the behavior of hominids at Olduvai using data of stone tools and animal bones, as well as the results of work in taphonomy (how animals become fossils), the behavior of mammals, and a wide range of ecological theory and data. By illustrating the ways in which modern and prehistoric evidence is used in making interpretations, the author guides the reader through the geological, ecological, and archeological areas involved in the study of humans.Based on his study of the Olduvai excavations, animal life, and stone tools, the author carefully examines conventional views and proposals about the early Olduvai sites. First, the evidence of site geology, tool cut marks, and other clues to the formation of the Olduvai sites are explored. On this basis, the large mammal communities in which early hominids lived are investigated, using methods which compare sites produced mainly by hominids with others made by carnivores. Questions about hominid hunting, scavenging, and the importance of eating meat are then scrutinized. The leading alternative positions on each issue are discussed, providing a basis for understanding some of the most contentious debates in paleo-anthropology today.The dominant interpretive model for the artifact and bone accumulations at Olduvai and other Plio-Pleistocene sites has been that they represent home bases, social foci similar to the campsites of hunter-gatherers. Based on paleo-ecological evidence and ecological models, the author critically analyzes the home base interpretation and proposes alternative views. A new view of the Olduvai sites - that they represent stone caches where hominids processed carcasses for food - is shown to have important implications for our understanding of hominid social behavior and evolution. |
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... Interpretation Alternatives to the Home Base Hypothesis The Energetic Effort of Site Production Resource Transport Implications of Late Origins of Home Base Behavior Chapter 10. Conclusion A Hierarchy of Inferences Hominid Behavior and ...
... Interpretation Alternatives to the Home Base Hypothesis The Energetic Effort of Site Production Resource Transport Implications of Late Origins of Home Base Behavior Chapter 10. Conclusion A Hierarchy of Inferences Hominid Behavior and ...
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... interpretation of fossil and archeological finds and chronology) hinges on geological processes and their interaction with the paleobiological and behavioral realm. This study of Olduvai was carried out to try to comprehend such ...
... interpretation of fossil and archeological finds and chronology) hinges on geological processes and their interaction with the paleobiological and behavioral realm. This study of Olduvai was carried out to try to comprehend such ...
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... interpretation of early archeological sites, particularly those at Olduvai. As we will see, not all researchers agree with these revised interpretations. Ultimately, it is crucial that revised ideas or trends in interpretation be based ...
... interpretation of early archeological sites, particularly those at Olduvai. As we will see, not all researchers agree with these revised interpretations. Ultimately, it is crucial that revised ideas or trends in interpretation be based ...
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... interpretations about the Olduvai sites. During the preparation of this manuscript many people gave their time and assistance to help make it better than it might have been. In particular, I thank Elizabeth Bailey, Ralph Chapman, Anne ...
... interpretations about the Olduvai sites. During the preparation of this manuscript many people gave their time and assistance to help make it better than it might have been. In particular, I thank Elizabeth Bailey, Ralph Chapman, Anne ...
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Содержание
Paleoanthropologies Inference | |
The Sites of Bed I Olduvai Gorge | |
Concentrations of Bones and Artifacts | |
Physical Agents of Concentration | |
Behavioral Agents of Bone Accumulation | |
Conclusions on Olduvai Taphonomy | |
Paleocommunities and Environments | |
The Energetic Effort of Site Production | |
Resource Transport | |
Implications of Late Origins of Home Base | |
Conclusion | |
Bibliography | |
Site | |
Site FLKNN3 | |
FLKNN2 | |
Obtaining Resources and Accumulating | |
A Prelude to Home | |
Alternatives to the Home Base Hypothesis | |
Site FLK22 | |
Site FLK North6 | |
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
abundance African Amboseli animal bones areas artifact sites Bed I Olduvai behavior Behrensmeyer Binford bone accumulation bone assemblages bone collectors bone concentration bone fragments bone transport bones and artifacts bovids carcasses cut marks death sites diaphysis disarticulation early hominids ecological elephant equids evidence excavated faunal assemblages flakes FLK North–6 FLK Zinj FLKNN–2 foraging forelimb Fort Ternan fossil frequencies habitats home base hominid activities hominids and carnivores human humerus hunter-gatherers hunting indet inferences interpretation Koobi Fora lake margin large mammals Leakey levels limb bones limb shaft frags long bone mammals manuports marrow meat metapodials Minimum Number Number of Specimens occur Olduvai Gorge Olduvaisites patterns percentage Pleistocene Potts predation primates processing relative represented sample savannas scavenging sediments Serengeti Shipman sites in Bed skeletal elements species spotted hyenas stone artifacts stone cache stone tools suggests suids TABLE taphonomic taxa taxon taxonomic Ternan ungulates Univ vertebra