wher

Privy Council, Knight of the Military | vention signed by their respective PleniOrder of the Bath, Grand Cross of the potentiaries in London on the twentyPortuguese Order of the Tower and Sword, second day of October, 1807, which Artiand his Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary cle is hereunto subjoined, with the omis and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court sion only of the words "previously to his of Portugal; and his Royal Highness the departure for Brazil," which words immePrince Regent, the most Illustrious and diately followed the words "which his most Excellent Lord Don Rodrigo de Royal Highness may establish in PortuSouza Couttinho, Count of Linhares, Lord gal."- "The seat of the Portuguese Moof Payalvo, Commander of the Order of narchy being established in Brazil, his BriChrist, Grand Cross of the Order of Saint tannic Majesty promises in his own name, Bento, and of the Order of the Tower and and in that of his heirs and successors, Sword, one of his Royal Highness's-Coun- never to acknowledge as King of Portugal cil of State, and his Principal Secretary of any Prince other than the heir and legitiState for the Departments of Foreign mate representative of the Royal House of Affairs and War; who, after having duly Braganza; and his Majesty also engages exchanged their respective full powers, to renew and maintain with the Regency have agreed upon the following Articles: (which his Royal Highness may establish Article 1. There shall be a perpetual firm in Portugal) the relations of friendship and unalterable friendship, defensive al- which have so long_united the Crowns of liance, and strict and inviolable union, be- Great Britain and Portugal."-And the tween his Majesty the King of the United two High Contracting Parties do also reKingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, his new and confirm the additional articles heirs and successors, on the one part, and relating to the Island of Madeira, signed His Royal Highness the Prince Regent of in London on the 16th day of March, 1808, Portugal, his heirs and successors on the and engage faithfully to execute such of part; as also between and amongst them as remain to be executed.-IV. His heir respective kingdoms, dominions, pro- Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Porinces, countries, and subjects, so that the tugal renews and confirms to his Britannic igh contracting parties shall constantly Majesty the engagement which has been mploy as well their utmost attention as made in his royal name, to make good all Il those means which Almighty Provi- and several the losses and defalcations of ence has put in their power, for preserv- property sustained by the subjects of his ng the public tranquillity and security, Britannic Majesty, in consequence of the or maintaining their common interests various measures which the Court of Pornd for their mutual defence and guaran- tugal was unwillingly obliged to take in ee against every hostile attack, the whole the month of November, 1807. And this a conformity to the treaties already sub-article is to be carried into full effect as isting between the high contracting par- soon as possible after the exchange of es; the stipulations of which, so far as the ratifications of the present treaty.he points of alliance and friendship are V. It is agreed, that in case it should арmcerned, shall remain in entire force and pear that any losses or injuries in point of gour, and shall be deemed to be renewed property have been sustained either by y the present treaty in their fullest inter- the Portuguese Government, or by the retation and extent.-II. In consequence subjects of his Royal Highness the Prince the engagement contracted by the pre- Regent of Portugal, in consequence of the thing article, the two High Contracting state of public affairs at the time of the arties shall always act in concert for the amicable occupation of Goa by the troops aintenance of peace and tranquillity, and of his Britannic Majesty; the said losses case that either of them should be threat- and injuries shall be duly investigated, ed with a hostile attack by any power and that upon due proof thereof they shall hatever, the other shall employ its most be made good by the British Government. Thest and effectual good offices, either-VI.His Royal Highness the Prince Regent preventing hostilities, or for procuring st and complete satisfaction to the injured ry-III. In conformity with this declahou, his Britannic Majesty agrees to rew and confirm, and does hereby renew confirm, to his Royal Highness the fice Regent of Portugal, the engagement ntained in the sixth Article of the Con

of Portugal, preserving a grateful remembrance of the service and assistance which his Crown and family have received from the Royal Navy of England, being convinced that it has been by the powerful exertions of that navy in support of the rights and independence of Europe, that the most effectual barrier has hitherto

been opposed to the ambition and injus- stipulated that this privilege shall not be tice of other states; and desiring to give granted to any other nation or state whata proof of confidence and perfect friend-ever, whether in return for any other ship to his true and ancient ally the King equivalent, or in virtue of any subsequent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain treaty or agreement, it being solely foundand Ireland, is pleased to grant to his Bri-ed upon the principles of the unexampled tannic Majesty the privilege of causing amity and confidence which have during timber for the purpose of building ships so many ages subsisted between the of war to be purchased and cut down in Crowns of Great Britain and Portugal. the woods, forests, and chases of Brazil And it is further agreed and stipulated, (excepting in the Royal Forests, which that transports bona fide such, and actuare appointed for the use of the Portuguese ally employed on the service of either of navy,) together with permission to cause the high contracting parties, shall be ships of war to be built, equipped, or re-treated within the ports of the other on paired within the ports and harbours of the same footing as if they were ships o that Empire, a previous application and war.-His Britannic Majesty does als notice being made in each instance (for agree on his part to permit any number o form's sake) to the Court of Portugal, ships belonging to his Royal Highness th which shall immediately appoint an officer Prince Regent of Portugal, to be admitted of the royal navy to assist and attend at one time into any port of his Britanni upon these occasions. And it is expressly Majesty's dominions, and there to receiv declared and promised that these privi- succour and assistance if necessary, and leges shall not be granted to any other be otherwise treated as the ships of the nation or state whatsoever.-VII. It is sti most favoured nation; this engagem pulated and agreed by the present Treaty, being also reciprocal between the two hig that if at any time a squadron or number contracting parties.-IX. The Inquisitio of ships of war should be sent by either of or Tribunal of the Holy Office not havin the high contracting parties for the suc- been hitherto established or recognized cour and assistance of the other, the party Brazil, his Royal Highness the Prince R receiving the succour and assistance shall, gent of Portugal, guided by an enlighte at its own proper charge and expence, ed and liberal policy, takes the opport furnish the said squadron or ships of war nity afforded by the present Treaty (so long as they may be actually em- declare spontaneously in his own na ployed for its benefit, protection, or ser- and in that of his heirs and successe vice), with the articles of fresh beef, vege- that the Inquisition shall not hereafter! tables, and fuel, in the same proportion in established in the South American dom which those articles are usually supplied nions of the Crown of Portugal.-And to its own ships of war, by the party so Britannic Majesty, in consequence of granting the succour and assistance. And declaration on the part of his Roy this agreement is declared to be recipro- Highness the Prince Regent of Portug cally binding on each of the high con- does on his part engage and declare t tracting parties.-VIII. Whereas it is sti-he fifth article of the Treaty of 1654 pulated by former Treaties between Great virtue of which certain exemptions tr Britain and Portugal, that in times of the authority of the Inquisition are ex peace the ships of war of the former power, sively granted to British subjects, shall that may be admitted at any one time considered as null and having no effec into any port belonging to the other, shall the South American dominions of not exceed the number of six, his Royal Crown of Portugal. And his Britan Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, Majesty consents that this abrogation confiding in the faith and permanency of the fifth article of the Treaty of 10 his alliance with his Britannic Majesty, is shall also extend to Portugal upon pleased to abrogate and annul this restric-abolition of the Inquisition in that co tion altogether, and to declare, that hence- try, by the command of his Royal Hi forward any number of ships whatever. ness the Prince Regent, and generall belonging to his Britannic Majesty, may all other parts of his Royal Highn be admitted at one time into any port be- dominions where he may hereafter a longing to his Royal Highness the Prince ish that tribunal. Regent of Portugal. And it is further!

(To be continued.)

Published by R. BAGSHAW, Brydges-Street, Covent Garden :-Sold also by J. BUDD, Pall-M LONDON:-Printed by T. C. Hansard, Peterborough-Court, Fleet-Street,

VOL. XVIII. No. 13.] LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1810. [Price 18.

"It is not altogether improbable, that, when the nation becomes heartily sick of its Debts, and is "cruelly oppressed by them, some daring projector may arise with visionary schemes for their discharge; " and, as public credit will begin, by that time, to be a little frail, the least touch will destroy it, and in "this manner it will die of the Doctor. But, it is more probable, that the breach of national faith will "be the necessary effect of wars, defeats, misfortunes, and public calamities, or even, perhaps, of "victories and conquests."-HUME on Public Credit.

Saying that a man writes from a prison is not a satisfactory refutation of his argumentsProceed with the subject of the Sinking Fund-way; it is the constant practice of those,

Leaving them in the full possession and unenvied enjoyment of all the advantage and of all the honour which such a mode of answering can give, let us proceed with our inquiry into the effects of the SINKING FUND, just casting our eye back first, and refreshing our memory as to the foregone facts; namely, that the Sinking-Fund Acts of PITT, which provided for the cutting off some part of the interest upon the Debt in 1808; that these provisions, which led the poor nation to hope for a taking off of part of its taxes in 1808; that these provisions, which, as we have seen, were held forth to the believing people of England, in the pamphlet of GEORGE ROSE, as the sure and undoubted pledge for the taking off of taxes in 1808, or thereabouts; that these provisions, in order to begin to taste the benefit of which, the people were to pay a million a year of additional taxes for twenty two years; that these provisions; yes, we must bear in mind, that these provisions, after the people had gone on hoping for sixteen years out of the twenty two: that these provisions, were, by ADDINGTON's Act of 1802, repealed, done away, made of no more effect than if they never had been enacted by the Parliament.

a

I write from a prison, only because they up the whole of the Stock existing when have no other answer to give. the new Act was passed? When do you think that the day, the happy day, the new day of promise was to come? When do you think we were, according to this Act for rendering the Sinking Fund "MORE EFFECTUAL;" when, aye when do you think, that we were, according to this improved plan, to begin to feel the effects of it, in the lessening of our taxes? How many years do you think we were to wait; how many years to keep paying additional taxes for the purpose of paying off the Debt, before we began to taste of any redemption of Taxes in consequence of it? Only FORTY FIVE! Forty Five years only had we to wait; and now we have only THIRTY NINE to wait, and to pay taxes all the time, over and above the interest upon the Debt; only thirty nine years before we shall cease to pay interest upon the whole of the Debt existing in 1802; about five eighths of the Debt now existing. We have been waiting ever since the year 1786; we have been waiting for twenty four years; we have been paying taxes all that time, over and above the interest of the Debt; we have, for twenty four years, been paying taxes for the purpose of pay ing off the Debt; and now, at the end of these twenty four years, those of us who are alive have the consolation to reflect, that we have only thirty nine years more to wait and to pay these Sinking Fund taxes, before we shall begin to taste the fruit of all this patience and all these sacrifices, and that, at the blessed time here-mentioned, some of our taxes will be taken off,...... unless another Act should be passed, between this time and that, for rendering the last made Act " MORE "EFFECTUAL.”

"Well," you will say, "but upon what "ground was this measure adopted? What "end was it proposed to answer?" Oh! why it was to pay off the Debt, new as well as old (for, by this time, the Debt, contracted since the existence of the Sinking Fund, was become greater than the one contracted before;) it was to pay off the Debt, new as well as old, sooner than they would have been paid off, if this new Act had not been passed. And, it was said, in support of the measure, that it would be better for us (good God, what a "thinking" people we are!) not to have any of our taxes taken off in 1808; but to go on paying interest upon the whole of the Debt, as before, till our SinkingFund Commissioners had bought up the whole of the Stock, and that, then (Oh, then!) then, my boys, huzza! For, then we should be completely out of Debt.

"Thinking people" of England, when do you think that that then was to arrive? When do you think that it was supposed that our Commissioners would have bought

Gentlemen, need I say more?Ccr tainly it is not necessary; but, there are still some views to take of this matter, which having taken, we may defy all the world to puzzle us upon this subject again.

We have seen, that we still inpay terest upon the whole of the Debt; we have seen, in Letter IV. p. 362, that, since the Sinking Fund was established, the interest we pay has increased from nine millions and upwards to thirty-two millions and wards; and, we humbly think, at least I do, that so long as I am compelled to pay interest for a Debt, it is no matter to whom,