and they were only distinguished from the rest of his fubjects by their perfonal merit and drefs: the latter, indeed, was peculiar. All the fons wore a long oldfashioned blue coat, fcarlet breeches, black ftockings, and little round buckles. Prince Charles was inftructed in the Greek and Roman claffics by the celebrated profeffor Bianco, a Venetian and his proficiency in those ftudies gave the highest proofs of his tafte and judgment. At the age of fourteen he was appointed colonel of the oldeft regiment of infantry under the Imperial crown; a regiment that reaped immortal laurels under the command of prince Charles of Lorrain. He was called at a very critical moment to the defence of his country he was raifed, when appointed commander in chief, to the rank of firft general of cavalry and he has fince become field-marthal of the Empire.

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When invefted with this momentous truft-the confervation of the German territories, he did not hesitate to prove that he merited his diftinguifhed rank. One cannot fufficiently admire the bravery of this prince, the rapidity of his movements, and the ability of his manoeuvres, who marched, in fifteen days, from the banks of the Upper Nahe, to thofe of the Upper Lahn, gained two battles, and drove the French from the walls of Wetzlaer to thofe of Duffeldorf.

To give a juft idea of the character of this prince, we must have recourfe to thofe ftatements which would exceed the purpose of this sketch. At the battle of Amberg, in Upper Germany, he was one of the first who, at the head of the Auftrian cavalry, forced the French lines; and when informed by the furrounding generals of the danger to which he was expofed, he replied: "Is not my duty fuperior to my life?" It was this undauntedness of mind, together with the firm difcipline of his troops, which infured to him, through the campaigns of 1796, a series of unparalleled fuccefs: a fingle trait will illuftrate this remark. During an affair

of

of the 24th of October, the Archduke gave orders to the major of the light horfe of Modena, to attack a redoubt fituated amongst fome vines. That officer charged the French, who defended it; but the ground being extremely difadvantageous for cavalry, he was repulfed and obliged to fall back. The Prince came up in the interim, and feeing what paffed, faid to the Major, "Sir, you have misunderstood me, I gave you orders to take the redoubt." The officer felt the full weight of thefe words, and returned to the charge with all the force given by defpair. He was killed, but the redoubt was taken.'

The defeat of Jourdan, and the fiege of Kehl, are among the first of thofe military glories which encircle the brow of this prince. As he drove that general from the banks of the Lahn, he led the Saxon troops, which arrived late on the field of battle, in perfon to the charge, and difplayed, throughout the whole of his movements, a skilfulness not inferior to his courage. The fiege of Kehl exhibited, in the conduct of the Archduke, a perfect military school, where the most experienced of his officers might have gained fome advantage from his example. His retreats are conducted with as much ability as his victories.

When we reflect on the fituation of the Archduke at the commencement of this campaign, we shall be still more established in the opinion which he must already have excited. Thirty thousand of his troops were taken from him at the outfet of his career, for the support of Clairfayt in Italy. This appears to have been halfruinous to the Prince, whofe misfortunes, whenever he was unsuccessful, could be traced to the diminution which he had fuftained in the number of his army. Yet, under all his disasters and disadvantages, he defended the Necker for a confiderable time with 40,000 men, against Moreau with more than 50,000. According to an estimate that has been made of the lives at which this campaign was effected, it appears that 30,000 Auftrians,

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Auftrians, and not lefs than 40,000 French, were swept from the race of man!

Humanity, ever intent on the promotion of peace, and the improvement of human joys, has not ceased to deprecate, in every period of time, the evils which refult from war. Without a view to defend hoftility and hatred, or even to extenuate their aggreffions, we may yet be permitted to remark, that while war fhall continue as the refult of our paffions or our prejudices, the man who can difcipline his fellow-citizens in the art of defending their poffeffions, will demand their admiration and their love. That ftrict fubordination, without which no general will command, and no men be contented to obey, is only to be acquired under men_of talents and information. Once acquired, it will fupport the ends of every civil inftitution; and when, at times, it is perverted from its courfe, it is perverted either by ignorance or neglect; it may be by both. The Archduke had undertaken a tafk which could never have been atchieved by any thing fhort of this falutary difcipline. If he has found in the advances of Buonaparte, a repulfe more formidable than he had before encountered, let us remember that his army was wafted, and that the Republicans from Italy were endued with that advantage which the Germans could claim no longer. The French were a band of veterans, who had, befides, the advance in point of number; while the ftrength of the German arm, which was daily enfeebled by the fword, could boaft but little renovation from young and unexercised troops.

THE

THE REFLECTOR.

[No. VII.]

W of morality, the conduct of him who denies to

HICH is more difadvantageous to the interefts

his children the leaft participation of pleasure, or that of another, who fhall leave them to the indulgence of their paffions?

Whoever would amend the fituation of man, must begin with the reformation f his conduct. All reasonings on abstract principles, without reference to the paffions and the propenfities of our nature, will go little towards our real improvement. Yet there is a time when the paffions fubmit to direction, and when, in a certain degree, we may be moulded to the form of our director. Every one will recur to youth, as the feason of which we speak: and this they will do, both from paft experience, and from immediate obfervation. We are all impreffed with the importance of education we are aware of what an inftructor can do with unformed and inexperienced minds; and we have to regret, often beyond the power of remedy, the evils which we have incurred through the neglect of our early years.

While alive to thefe important recollections, let us glance at thofe things, which are fo connected with our infant ftate, as to paramount instruction itself.

In most of thofe enquiries which have been made on the treatment of childhood, the character of the parent has been overlooked or neglected; as though the conduct of thofe with whom we are fo intimately concerned, had little influence on our own. There is not any thing more erroneous than this: and confequences the most fatal and irretrievable may be expected from those who purfue it. It may be difficult to deftroy, in

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a dif

a difpofition uncommonly good, every feature of beauty; it may be impoffible to erafe by a long ufage of parfimony and depreffion, every fpark of integrity from a generous child; but the first fources of its virtue are ftagnated, and the very nerve of its emulation is withered by this untimely feverity. Parents fhould be the friends, and they will feldom have occafion to become the governors of their offspring. I know not a more melancholy fight, nor an object that should give greater cause of alarm to the fociety in which he is hereafter to act, than the fon who dreads his father. Fear is the parent of baseness and depravity, beyond thought or calculation. What have we not to apprehend from a mind that is tutored in fervility? A kulking and difingenuous countenance, and a muttering tongue, are the leaft of thofe things which disfigure the boyish days of fuch a being. If he be ill, he conceals his complaint; if wronged, he meditates a revenge at once fullen and vicious. He evades, because he fears to speak openly; and he lies, becaufe the difcovery of his errors might fubject him to the punishment of a barbarian. He lofes all confidence in others, and he fcruples not to deceive those who truft him. Let us follow him from fchool, where his acquirements have been rather fpecious than juft; and where his cunning, miftaken for wifdom, has blinded the vigilance of his tutor.

At an age when most men are full of follies and eccentricities, he is left to fteer his courfe. The common paffion for fomething of pleafure, which has been filenced, not fubdued in him, burfts forth with irrefiftible force. Though no longer under the eye of his commander, his main purpofes are limited by the fame hand that has oppreffed and degraded his youth. But, with fuch means as he knows, he ventures into error and calamity, and his health, perhaps his character, is loft. Not a friend to whom he can reveal his exigencies; he who should eye every thing with cheerfulness, ..looks