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wishes of his friends he entered the Leg. Assem. as mem. for the county of Annapolis. He took an active part in the different deliberations and discus sions of that body, and by his powers of debate and other prominent abilities speedily attained a leading position as a legislator. Speaking of one of his oratorical efforts at this time Mr. Murdoch, in his recent History of N. S., says:

"This speech was the most splendid piece of declamation that it has ever been my fortune to listen to. Mr. Haliburton was then in the prime of life and vigor, both mental and physical. The healthy air of country life in his native Windsor had given him a robust appearance, though his figure was yet slender and graceful. As an orator, his attitude and manner were extremely impressive, earnest and dignified, and although the strong propensity of his mind to wit and humour were often apparent, they seldom detracted from the seriousness of his language when the subject under discussion was important. Although he sometimes exhibited rather more hauteur in his tone than was agreeable, yet his wit was usually kind and playful. On this occasion he absolutely entranced his audience with the corruscations of genius playing with classic and historic imagery, and appealing to the kindest feelings of humanity. He was not remarkable for readiness of reply in debate; but when he had time to prepare his ideas and language, he was almost always sure to make an impression on his hearers."

In 1828, when only 32 years of age, he received the appointment of Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, no small tribute to his merits, and until 1840, he discharged the functions of that important office with unvarying zeal and ability. In the latter year the Court of Common Pleas was abolished, and the services of Mr. H. were transferred to the Supreme Court. In Feby., 1856, he resigned his office of Judge in this Court, and soon afterwards removed to Eng., where he continued to reside till his death.

As an author Mr. H. first came before the public in 1829, as the historian of his native province. His work was widely circulated, well received by both the public and the press, and at once secured for its author a place among the literati on this side of the Atlantic. It was thought so highly of in N. S.,

that the House of Assem. of that Province tendered Mr. H. a vote of thanks which he received in person in his place in Parliament. To the present day his "Hist. and Stat. Account of Nova Scotia" is regarded as a standard work in the Province. Judge H. became unconciously the author of the inimitable works of Sam Slick. For the purpose of preserving, or, at least, reviving some anecdotes and good stories that were then fast dying out, connected with colonial life, he began a series of anonymous. articles in the Nova Scotian newspaper, then ed. by Hon. Joseph Howe, and made use of a Yankee pedlar as his mouth-piece. The character adopted, or imagined, proved to be a hit, and the articles amused the readers of that paper and were copied by the Am. press. They were collected together and published at Halifax anonymously, and several editions were issued in the U. S. A copy was taken thence to Eng. by Gen. Fox, who gave it to Mr. Richard Bentley, the publisher. To Judge H's surprise he learned that

*Extract from the Proceedings of the House of Assembly of Nova-Scotia :

"Resolved, that the thanks of this House be communicated to Thomas C. Haliburton, Esquire, for the very laudable and laborious effort which he has made to illustrate the History, Topography, and Resources of the Province, in the Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia,' now issuing from the press; and that the Speaker be requested to convey to Mr. Haliburton the substance of this Resolution.

"Mr. Haliburton being called into the House, and standing in his place, was thus addressed by Mr. Speaker: Mr. Haliburton, I am directed by this House to communicate to you, that they have had under their consideration a work now issuing from the press, of which you are the author, entitled 'An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia,' which they think alike useful to the Province, and honorable to yourself, and that, to mark their approbation of this first effort to describe the country, and develope its resources, they have unanimously passed a vote of thanks to you for this laudable undertaking, which resolution will be read to you by the Clerk. It affords me a great deal of pleasure to add my opinion of the work to that of the Representatives of the people, who deem it an object of this honorable notice, as the production of a native of the Province."

an English edition had been issued and was very favorably received in Eng. For sometime the authorship was assigned to an Am. gentleman in London, until Judge H. visited the mother country and became known as the real author. For his Sam Slick he received nothing from the publisher, as the work had not been copyrighted, but Mr. Bentley presented him with a silver salver, on which was an inscription written by the Rev. Richard Barham, better known as the author of the Ingoldsby Legends. Between Barham, Theodore Hook and Judge H. an intimacy sprang up. They frequently dined together at the Athenæum, to which they belonged, and many good stories told by Hook and Barham were remembered by Judge H. long after death had deprived him of their society. As regards Sam Slick, it was written anonymously; the author never expected that his name would be known, or that his productions would escape the usual fate of Colonial newspaper articles. The character of the Yankee pedlar has somewhat changed since then, or at least, in 28 years, the race of Sam Slick's have as a general rule migrated westward. Mrs. Trollope, Dickens and a host of other severe critics have rubbed off, or rather knocked off, the rough edges of Am. manners in the older states, and have made a change for the better in the outward characteristics of the Yankee. But veritable Sam Slick's occasionally visit Can. and the Lower Provinces. About 10 or 12 years ago a Yankee sold a large number of wooden clocks throughout N. S. and Cape Breton. They were warranted to keep accurate time for a year, and hundreds of notes of hand were taken for the price. The notes passed by endorsement into third hands, but unfortunately the clocks would not go. Actions were brought in several counties, and the fact that Seth's clocks had stopped caused as much lamentation and dismay as a money panic. The first case that came up was tried before Judge H. much to the amusement of the public, and to the edification of the Yankee clockmaker, who had a long homily read to him on the impropriety of cheating Bluenoses with Yankee

clocks that would do anything sooner than keep time.

While dealing with subjects that relate to mankind in general and illustrate human nature, in his earlier works, which were intended more for Colonial readers than his later works, which were likely to find a wider circulation in Eng. than here, he continually pressed on his readers the following truths :

I. That our political institutions secure to us practically a larger amount of freedom than those of the Am. Republic.

II. That the resources of N. S. are very great, and much neglected.

III. That we have as a people been wasting our time and our energies in political contests and discussions, instead of uniting together to promote the material prosperity of the province.

Within the past 5 or 6 years the justice of these views has been practically acknowledged; and in spite of the divisions and lethargy of the people of B. A. (for they apply with equal force to the whole of the Provinces), the agricultural, horticultural and mineral resources of those provinces are making themselves known to the world. In spite of Sam Slick's advice, the farmers of N. S. especially, for more than 20 years devoted all their leisure and thoughts to politics, unconscious that there was gold under the very platforms on which windy nothings were dealt out to them by local rival statesmen. In 1861 a N. Scotian laid down to drink, and put his nose so near a lump of gold that he could not help seeing it. A reward to the man who was so, fortunate as to be thirsty, is contemplated and has been discussed by the Legislature. Now, matters are changing and while questions of a wider scope occupy attention, hundreds are amassing wealth by opening their eyes to the vast and varied resources of the country. Experience is proving that the value attached by Sam Slick to the geographical position and natural advantages of the Provinces, was not a mistaken one. We are, however, more grateful to those who amuse, than to those who instruct us. Many persons, who laughed at Sam Slick's jokes, did not relish his truths; and his popularity as a writer was far greater out of N. S.

than in it; but it had ceased to depend on the verdict of his countrymen. To illustrate this, we may mention that, the Univ. of King's Coll. (Winds.) his alma mater, gave him an honorary M. A. degree, and very soon after the Univ. of Oxford gave him an honorary D. C. L. As we have stated, on Judge H. leaving for Eng. to take up his residence there, he resigned his seat on the Supreme Court Bench. Before leaving he applied for his pension, which he had previous to his appointment enjoyed as a former Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. The pension was £300 a year, and he urged on the government in addition to his legal rights, his claim as the historian of N. S., and a colonial author. The claim was resisted for 4 or 5 years, and when a decision was a second time given in his favor the case was carried to Eng. on appeal. The Judicial Committee decided it in his favour. We give below a list of Judge H.'s various works and productions, together with the opinions of competent critics on them, which will speak to their merits in a literary point of view. Several of his works have been translated and reproduced on the continent of Europe, and have been equally appreciated.

Shortly after Judge H. took up his residence in Eng. he was solicited to come forward as a mem. of the House of Commons, for the County of Middlesex, a proposal which he declined, but at the general election of 1859 he was induced to go into Parliament mainly from his friendship with the late Duke of Northumberland, who offered him his support as a candidate for Launceston, where the Duke's influence was very strong. The borough was small, and the labours imposed on its representative were light. His ambition did not, however, lead him to covet that distinction, and his health and feelings rendered parliamentary life somewhat irksome to him. In his speech of acknowledgement, on the occasion of his election, he thanked the electors, "not merely in his own name, but on behalf of 4,000,000 of British subjects on the other side of the water, who up to the present time had not had one individual in the House of Commons through whom they might

be heard." The new mem. for Launceston took his seat in the House as a Conservative, but at the same time declared himself to be "a representative of all parties rather than a party man." During the session he joined in some of the debates, and spoke occasionally at public meetings. At a large meeting at Tynemouth, Mr. William Lindsay, M. P., having spoken of the usefulness of the humourous works of "Sam Slick," the following characteristic reply was elicited from Judge H.

"Mr. Lindsay has alluded to my books, and said there was an object of usefulness in them. In that he is right, for I should indeed feel ashamed of myself-it would be very unsuitable and very incompatible with the situation of a judge, which I have held in another part of the world-if I should sit down and write a jest book to make people laugh. That would be a very undignified employment for a judge and a very unpro fitable one; but I thought I might do a very great service to my countrymen-for I am a native of the other side of the water-provided I could convey to them certain truths, which, I thought, would either be too homely for them to care much about, or too dry for them, unless, like doctor's pills, they had a little sugar put around them. I therefore wrapt them with a little humour, in order that when people read them for amusement they might find that they had learned something they did not know before. Otherwise I should be ashamed to have written a mere jest-book."

As we have stated, Judge H. died at his residence in Isleworth, on the banks of the Thames. There, during the few years in which he had lived amongst them, he had greatly endeared himself to the people of the place-he was ever ready in contributing to its local institutions, not merely by presiding over the meetings of the Philanthropic Soc., and aiding charitable. objects generally, but also by lecturing and assisting in various ways the Isleworth Reading Soc., and other associations of a like character. He was buried in Isleworth churchyard; and, in accordance with one of his last wishes, his funeral was plain and unostentatious. We close our sketch in the words of a local chronicler :

"The village of Isleworth will henceforth be associated with the most pleasing reminiscences of Mr. Justice Haliburton; and the names of Cowley, Thompson, Pope and Wal

pole will find a kindred spirit in the worldwide reputation of the author of "Sam Slick," who, like them, died on the banks of the Thames."

There is a biography and portrait of Judge H. in Tallis's National Portrait Gallery, and Jones, R. A. has executed a very good bust of him, a copy of which is in the Crystal Palace, Sydenham.

I. A General Description of Nova Scotia. New ed. Halifax, 1825, pp. 192, 8vo.

II. An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia (with map and engravings). Do. 1829, 2 vols., pp. 340-453, large 8vo.

"Mr. Haliburton has given us a history and description of his native province, which not only do great credit to himself, and to Nova Scotia, but will safely bear a comparison with any of the works of a similar kind, that have appeared in the United States.

In

closing our remarks upon Mr. Haliburton's work, we would again recommend it to those who are interested in American history. It is written with clearness, spirit, industrious accuracy, and with great candor and justice." -HON. C. W. UPHAM: N. A. Rev.

III. Kentucky; a tale. London, 1834, 2 Vols., 12mo.

IV. The Clockmaker; or, Sayings and Doings of Sam Slick of Slickville. London and Halifax.

1st series 1837, 2nd series 1838, 3rd series 1840. Reprinted Do. 1838-1843, 3 Vols., p. 8vo. New Ed. Do. 1845. An. Ed. Do. 1862. Philadelphia, 1857, pp. 220, 12mo.

"He deserves to be entered on our list of friends containing the names of Tristram Shandy, the Shepherd of the Noctes Ambrosiane, and other rhapsodical discourses on time and change, who, besides the delights of their discourse, possess also the charm of individuality. Apart from all the worth of Sam Slick's revelations, the man is precious to us as a queer creature-knowing, impudent, sensible, sagacious, vulgar, yet not without a certain tact: and overflowing with a humour as peculiar in its way as the hu mours of Andrew Fairservice or a Protestant Miss Miggs, (that impersonation of shrewish female service ! )"-Athen., (Lon.)

V. The Letter Bag of the Great Western; or, Life in a Steamer. London, 1839, p. Svo.; Halifax, 1840, pp. 183, 8vo.

New Ed., London, 1843. An. Ed., Do., 1862, 12mo.

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Original and pithy, it is always refreshing to fall in with this inimitable story teller. His mixture of sound sense with genuine humour, his fund of information and peculiar way of putting it on record, his fun and his force, the fun being part and portion of that force, are at the same time qualities so entertaining and instructive, that we know not in the end whether to be better pleased with the intelligence we have acquired or the amusement we have received."-Lit. Gaz., (Lon.)

VI. The Bubbles of Canada. By the author of the Clockmaker. Do. 1839, pp. 332; Philadelphia, do., 12mo.

VII. A Reply to the Report of the Earl of Durham. By a Colonist. Halifax, 1839, pp. 28, 8vo., and London, pp. 91, 8vo.

"The production is worthy of a man of high talents, excellent judgment, and sound constitutional principles in both Church and State. The writer of those letters takes up seriatim, the most objectionable points in the report of the noble earl; and animadverts upon them in no common style of acrimony and ridicule."-Gaz., (Mont.)

VIII. Traits of American Humour; by Native Authors. London, 1843,

3 vols., p., 8vo.; Do., 1852.

"No man has done more than the facetious Judge Haliburton, through the mouth of the inimitable 'Sam,' to make the old parent country recognise and appreciate her queer transatlantic His collection of progeny. comic stories and laughable traits is a budget of fun full of rich specimens of American humor."-Globe, (Lon.)

IX. Sam Slick's Wise Saws and Modern Instances. Do., 1843, 2 vols., p. 8vo.

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"Let Sam Slick go a mackarel fishing, or to Court in England-let him venture alone among a tribe of the sauciest singlewomen that ever banded themselves together in electric chain or to mystify man-our hero always manages to come off with flying colours to beat every craftsman in the cunning of his own calling-to get at the heart of every maid's and matron's secret. The book before us will be read and laughed over. Its quaint and racy dialect will please some readers-its abundance of yarns will amuse others. There is something in the volumes to suit readers of every humour."Athen., (Lon.)

"We do not fear to predict that these delightful volumes will be the most popular of Judge Haliburton's admirable works. The

'Wise Saws and Modern Instances,' evince powers of imagination and expression far beyond what even his former publications could lead any one to ascribe to the author. We have, it is true, long been familiar with his quaint humour and racy narrative, but the volumes before us take a loftier range, and are so rich in fun and good sense, that to offer an extract as a sample would be an injustice to author and reader. It is one of the pleasantest books we ever read, and we earnestly recommend it."-Standard, (Lon.) X. The Old Judge; or, Life in a Colony. Do., 1843, 2 vols, p. 8vo.

New Ed., Do., 1849. An. Ed., Do., 1860. New York, 1849.

XI. The Americans at Home; or Byeways, Backwoods and Prairies. Do., 1843, 3 vols., p. 8vo.; new ed. Do., 1854.

"In this highly entertaining work, we are treated to another cargo of capital stories from the inexhaustible stores of our Yankee friend-all of them graphically illustrative of the ways and manners of Brother Jonathan." -John Bull, (Lon.)

XII. Rule and Mis-rule of the English in America. Do., 1843, 2 vols., p. 8vo.

New Ed., Do., 1850, pp. 351-372. New York, 1841.

"We conceive this work to be by far the the most valuable and important Judge Haliburton has ever written. While teeming with interest, moral and historical, to the general reader, it equally constitutes a philosophical study for the politicians and statesmen. It will be found to let in a flood of light upon the actual origin, formation, and progress of the Republic of the United States."-Naval and Military Gaz., (Lon.)

XIII. The Attaché; or, Sam Slick in England. Do., 1843-4, 4 vols., p. 8vo.

New Ed., Do., 1849. An. Ed., Do., 1862, 12mo.

XIV. Yankee Stories and Yankee Letters. Philadelphia, 1852.

XV. The Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick, Esq., together with his Opinion on Matrimony. New York, 12mo.

XVI. Sam Slick in Search of a Wife. Do., 12mo. N. D.

XVII. Nature and Human Nature. London, 1855, 2 vols., p. 8vo.

New Ed., Do., 1858, 12mo. New York, 1855, 12mo.

XVIII. Address at Glasgow, Scotland, on the present condition, resources and prospects of British North America. London, 1857, 8vo.; Montreal, 1857, pp. 17.

XIX. Speech in the House of Commons 21 April, 1860, on the repeal of the differential duties on Foreign and Colonial Wood. London, 1860, pp. 39, 8vo.

"I have ever read and valued the conversations of Sam Slick not for their humour, exquisite and racy as it is, in many of the chapters but for the deep instructive moral, the sound lessons of practical education they convey to the country. There is not provincial custom, opinion nor prejudice, opposed to steady and persevering industry, and of course to the progress of individual and general prosperity, which is not exposed and treated with consummate tact and ridicule. The self-sufficiency of Sam Slick-his larfs at the Bluenoses and the Englishers— his continual puffing of the New Englanders, and the pictures he draws of the superior cuteness, industry, and craft of the latter, are no doubt intended to teach the Colonist, that it is in vain to expect that he will even succeed, in the race of national rivalry, till he learns and practices the same habits. The natural advantages of this country, Nova Scotia, are drawn in glowing colours-but these are ever set off with jokes upon indolence and want of energy and speculation, too highly coloured perhaps, but still done with sufficient skill to point the moral.' I quote a few extracts to justify these reflections and to elevate our old friend Slick, from the character of a humourist, to that of a lecturer upon habits and the true economy of human life. The knowledge of letters and of books, be it ever recollected, is only a means to an end. The state diffuses education or intelligence to render the popula tion more diligent, virtuous and saving-so that they may become better purveyors to their own fortunes and to the general treasury; and a moralist or humorist like Sam Slick who satyrizes personal faults and habits, and induces change and amendment, by exhibiting a contrast of a happier state of things, is entitled to the public gratitudeeven tho' some will think the sketches may be too strongly drawn, or quarrel with the political tendencies which some of his lectures exhibit,-still the greater virtues ought to excuse the minor offences."-G. R. YOUNG: Col. Literature.

HALL, ARCHIBALD, M. D., L. R. C. S, (Edin.) B. at Montreal, 8 Nov., 1812. Was ed. chiefly at the Royal Gram. Sch. of his native city, which he attended from 1818 to 1839. Having selected medicine

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