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seven dollars per acre, nor less than the appraised value.

remain invio

invested.

SEC. 9. All funds belonging to the state for Funds to educational purposes, the interest and income late; how whereof only are to be used, shall be deemed trust funds held by the state, and the state shall supply all losses thereof that may in any manner accrue, so that the same shall remain forever inviolate and undiminished; and shall not be invested or loaned except on United States or state securities, or registered county bonds of this state; and such funds, with the interest and income thereof, are hereby solemnly pledged for the purposes for which they are granted and set apart, and shall not be transferred to any other fund for other uses.

university.

SEC. 10. The general government of the uni- Government of versity of Nebraska shall, under the direction of the legislature, be vested in a board of six regents, to be styled the board of regents of the university of Nebraska, who shall be elected by the electors of the state at large, and their team of office, except those chosen at the first election, as hereinafter provided, shall be six years. Their duties and powers shall be prescribed by law; and they shall receive no compensation, but may be reimbursed their actual expenses incurred in the discharge of their duties.

instruction

SEC. 11. No sectarian instruction shall be al- Sectarian lowed in any school or institution supported in prohibited. whole or in part by the public funds set apart for educational purposes; nor shall the state accept any grant, conveyance, or bequest of money, lands, or other property to be used for sectarian purposes,

Reform schools.

Revenue, how provided.

Exemption from taxation.

SEC. 12. The legislature may provide by law for the establishment of a school or schools for the' safe keeping, education, employment, and reformation of all children under the age of sixteen years who, for want of proper parental care, or other cause, are growing up in mendicancy or crime.

ARTICLE IX.-REVENUE AND FINANCE.

SECTION 1. The legislature shall provide such revenue as may be needful by levying a tax by valuation, so that every person or corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to the value of his, her, or its property and franchises, the value to be ascertained in such manner as the legislature shall direct, and it shall have power to tax peddlers, auctioneers, brokers, hawkers, commission merchants, showmen, jugglers, innkeepers, liquor dealers, toll-bridges, ferries, insurance, telegraph, and express interests or business, venders of patents, in such manner as it shall direct by general law, uniform as to the class upon which it operates.

SEC. 2. The property of the state, counties, and municipal corporations, both real and personal, shall be exempt from taxation, and such other property as may be used exclusively for agricultural and horticultural societies, for school, religious, cemetery, and charitable purposes, may be exempted from taxation, but such exemptions shall be only by general law. In the assessment of all real estate incumbered by public easement, any depreciation occasioned by such easment may be deducted in the valuation of such property. The legislature may provide that the increased value of lands, by reason of live fences, fruit and forest trees

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grown and cultivated thereon, shall not be taken into account in the assessment thereof.

from sales of

SEC. 3. The right of redemption from all sales of Redemption real estate for the non-payment of taxes or special land for taxes. assessments of any character whatever, shall exist in favor of owners and persons interested in such real estate for a period of not less than two years from such sales thereof; Provided, That occupants shall in all cases be served with personal notice before the time of redemption expires.

released,

SEC. 4. The legislature shall have no power to Taxes not to be release or discharge any county, city, township, town, or district whatever, or the inhabitants thereof, or any corporation, or the property therein, from their or its proportionate share of taxes to be levied for state purposes, or due any municipal corporation, nor shall commutation for such taxes be authorized in any form whatever.

SEC. 5. County authorities shall never assess County taxes. taxes, the aggregate of which shall exceed one and one-half dollars per hundred dollars valuation, except for the payment of indebtedness existing at the adoption of this constitution, unless authorized by a vote of the people of the county.

nicipal corporations.

SEC. 6. The legislature may vest the corporate Taxes of muauthorities of cities, towns, and villages with power to make local improvements by special assessments, or by special taxation of property benefited. For all other corporate purposes, all municipal corporations may be vested with authority to assess and collect taxes, but such taxes shall be uniform in respect to persons and property within the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same.

Property ex

empt from pay

ipal debts.

SEC. 7. Private property shall not be liable to ment of munic- be taken or sold for the payment of the corporate debts of municipal corporations. The legislature shall not impose taxes upon municipal corporations, or the inhabitants or property thereof, for corporate

Funding

indebtedness.

Claims upon state treasury.

Area of counties.

Division of counties.

Same.

purposes.

SEC. 8. The legislature at its first session shall provide by law for the funding of all outstanding warrants and other indebtedness of the state, at a rate of interest not exceeding eight per cent per

annum.

SEC. 9. The legislature shall provide by law that all claims upon the treasury shall be examined and adjusted by the auditor and approved by the secretary of state before any warrant for the amount allowed shall be drawn; Provided, That a party aggrieved by the decision of the auditor and secretary of state may appeal to [the] district court.

ARTICLE [X.]-COUNTIES.

SECTION 1. No new county shall be formed or established by the legislature which will reduce the county or counties, or either of them, to a less area than four hundred square miles, nor shall any county be formed of a less area.

SEC. 2. No county shall be divided, or have any part stricken therefrom without first submitting the question to a vote of the people of the county, nor unless a majority of all the legal yoters of the county voting on the question shall vote for the same.

SEC. 3. There shall be no territory stricken from any organized county unless a majority of the voters living in such territory shall petition for

such division, and no territory shall be added to any organized county without the consent of the majority of the voters of the county to which it is proposed to be added; but the portion so stricken off and added to another county, or formed in whole or in part into a new county, shall be holden for and obliged to pay its proportion of the indebtedness of the counties from which it has been taken.

officers.

SEC. 4. The legislature shall provide by law Election of for the election of such county and township officers as may be necessary.

organization.

SEC. 5. The legislature shall provide by gen-Township eral law for township organization, under which any county may organize whenever a majority of the legal voters of such county, voting at any general election, shall so determine; and in any county that shall have adopted a township organization, the question of continuing the same may be submitted to a vote of the electors of such county at a general election in the manner that shall be provided by law.

ARTICLE [XI.] RAILROAD CORPORATIONS.
[XI.]—RA

be established.

SECTION 1. Every railroad corporation organ- Public office to ized or doing business in this state, under the laws or authority thereof, of any other state, or of the United States, shall have and maintain a public office or place in this state for the transaction of its business, where transfers of stock shall be made, and in which shall be kept for public inspection books in which shall be recorded the amount of capital stock subscribed, and by whom, the names of the owners of its stock, and the amounts owned

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