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A.D.

of Glenlyon' entered Glencoe as friends of the Macdonalds. For a fortnight they were feasted and hospitably enter1692 tained. On the night of February 13th the mask was dropped, and the massacre took place. Thirty-eight persons were slaughtered in their houses; others fled halfnaked to the hills and perished in the snow. Their houses were burned down; their goods and cattle were carried off; and all that remained was a horrid waste, "black with fire and red with blood."

a-bol-ished, done away with.
ac-quit-ted, let off; declared not
guilty.

al-le-giance, loyalty; submission to
the king.

cham-pi-on, one who fights for an-
other's cause.
cor-re-spond-ence, exchange of let-
cri-sis, a turning point.
[ters.

1 Tor/bay, a crescent-shaped bay on the coast of Devonshire.

2 William II., son of Mary, daughter of Charles I. Reigned 13 years (16891702).

3 Mary II., daughter of James II. Reigned 5 years (1689-1694).

4 Conven'tion, practically a Parliament, with this difference, that when William called it he had not been proclaimed King of Scotland. The Convention was afterwards turned into a Parliament.

de-prived', stripped; robbed.
dis-turbed', unsettled.
for-feit-ed, lost the right to.
hos-pi-ta-bly, with kindness to
strangers.

pan-ic, a sudden fright.
sur-ren-dered, given up.
tor-rent, a rushing stream.
vol-un-ta-ri-ly, of its own will.

5 Lay patronage, the right of a lay proprietor to appoint a clergyman to a church, instead of leaving the election to the congregation.

6 Jac'obite, from Jacobus, Latin for James.

7 Killiecran'kie, in the north of Perthshire. The river Garry, a tributary of the Tay, flows through it.

8 Glencoe', in the north-east of Argyleshire; south of Loch Levin. 9 Glenly'on, in Perthshire, between Loch Tay and Loch Rannoch.

QUESTIONS.-1. For what were the seven bishops tried? What was the result? What step did the chief nobles and clergy then take? What followed? What took place when the news of William's arrival reached Edinburgh?-2. When did the Scottish Convention meet? What was then declared? What were the arrangements of the Revolution Settlement? When did the General Assembly meet? After what interval?-3. Who maintained the cause of the Stewarts in Scotland? When did Edinburgh Castle surrender? Who marched against Dundee? Where had the latter posted his army? When was the battle fought? Who won? Why was the victory of no avail?-4. What event throws a shade on William's character? What part of the country remained longest in a disturbed state? When was the proclamation of pardon issued? What was the condition attached to it? 5. Who was the last to submit? What made him late? Who were his enemies? What did they do?-6. When did the soldiers enter Glencoe? When did the massacre take place? How many were killed in their houses? How did others perish?

Anne.]

DISCONTENT IN SCOTLAND.

187

6. THE UNION OF THE PARLIAMENTS.

1. DURING the greater part of William's reign the Scots 'complained bitterly of the way in which the English Parliament hampered Scottish trade. As one means of pacifying Scotland, the King's Commissioner to the Parliament offered to promote emigration. William Paterson-the founder 1695 of the Bank of England started the Darien scheme for the colonization of Panama.1 The English and the Dutch trading companies were jealous of the scheme, and they induced William to withhold the 'privileges he had promised the Scots, and the scheme ended in wide-spread ruin.

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A.D.

2. To the rivalry of the English merchants the Scots ascribed their exclusion also from the East Indian trade. The jealousy between the two nations was so keen that it often threatened to plunge them into war. William, who was wise and farseeing, was convinced that nothing could prevent the severance of the two countries but a legislative union. 1702 But in the midst of his great schemes he suddenly died in 1702. His death was the result of a fall from his horse. Queen Mary had died eight years previously.

A.D.

An

3. ANNE.2-After the accession of Anne a new difference arose to disturb the peace of the two countries, in connection with the Succession to the Crown. A Bill in favour of the Hanoverian Succession3 was introduced in the Scottish Parliament in 1704; but it was rejected with much anger and scorn. Act of Security was then passed, providing that, if Anne died childless, the same Sovereign should not be 1704 chosen to rule over Scotland and England, unless the A.D. commercial equality of the two countries were secured.

4. Shortly afterwards the English Parliament made laws which hindered Scottish trade; and the ill feeling between the two countries grew stronger than ever. It 1705 then became evident to the English Government that a A.D. complete union was essential to peace.

5. In April 1706 a Joint-Commission-consisting of thirtyone members from each country-met at Westminster

to draw up Articles of Union. They completed their 1706 work in July. In October the last Scottish Parliament

A.D.

met to 'discuss the Articles. The Union was much disliked by the Scottish people, and the Parliament was about equally divided on the subject. But English gold freely 'distributed secured majorities large enough to carry the measure. The Treaty of Union was 'ratified by the Scottish Parliament on January 16th, 1707. It received the Queen's assent on March 4th, and the Union took effect on May 1st. Though the measure was very unpopular at the time of its 1707 passing, there can be no doubt that both countries, and A.D. Scotland especially, have reaped from it very great benefits. From that event Scotland must date the great 'prosperity which she now enjoys.

May 1,

col-o-ni-za-tion, making into
colony; settlement.

com-plained', murmured; grieved.
dis-cuss', talk over; consider.
dis-tri-but-ed, scattered.

a | es-sen-tial, not able to be done without; necessary.

priv-i-leg-es, favours.

pros-per-i-ty, good fortune; success. rat-i-fied, adopted; confirmed.

em-i-gra-tion, going out of the un-pop-u-lar, not liked by the

country; settling in a colony.

1 Panama'.-The Isthmus of Panama or Darien connects Central America with South America.

2 Anne, daughter of James VII. Married Prince George of Denmark. Reigned 12 years (1702-1714).

people.

3 Hanoverian Succession.-Elizabeth, daughter of James VI., married the Elector Palatine. Their daughter, Sophia, married the Elector of Hanover. Sophia's son was George I. of England. (See Genealogical Tree.)

QUESTIONS.-1. What complaints did the Scots make regarding trade? What did the King's Commissioner offer? Who started the Darien scheme? What was its object? Who induced William to break his promise? What was the result? 2. What else was ascribed to the rivalry of the English merchants? What did the jealousy between the two countries threaten? Of what was William convinced? When and how did he die?-3. What new cause of disturbance arose after Anne's accession? What Bill was introduced in the Scottish Parliament in 1704? How was it treated? What Act was then passed?-4. What made the ill feeling stronger than ever? What then became evident to the English Government?-5. Who drew up the Articles of Union? When did the last Scottish Parliament meet? How was the Union regarded by the Scottish people? What was the state of the Parliament? How were majorities secured? When was the Treaty of Union ratified? When did it take effect? What have been its results?

INDEX.

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Bannockburn (poetry), 81, 85.

Bannockburn, The Eve of, 75.
Barbour, John, 166.

Beaufort, Lady Jane, 110.
Berwick-on-Tweed, 114, 146.
Black Death, The, 97.
Bohun, Sir Henry de, 77.
Borderers, The, 137, 164.

Bothwell Bridge, 182.

Bothwell, Earl of, 147.
Boyd, Lord, 115.
Brechin, 59.

Bruce, Robert the, (elder,) 59.
Bruce, Robert the, 69.
Bruce's Address (poetry), 81.
Brunanburh, Battle of, 32.
Buchanan, George, 154.
Burgh-on-Sands, 75.
Burghs, The, 45, 93.

Caerlaverock, 139.
Cæsar, Julius, 17.
Cambuskenneth, 63.
Cameronians, 183.
Carberry Hill, 150.

Cardross, 93.

Carrick Beacon, The, (poetry), 72.
Chamberlain Aires, 52.

Charles I., 173.

Charles II., 176.

Christianity in Scotland, 25.

Church, The Scottish, 36, 42, 48, 146.
158.

Civil strife, 118.

Clear the Causeway, 134.

Cochrane, Favourite of James III., 117.
Columba, 26.

Barons, Power of the, 99, 106, 110, 133: Comyn, John, 69.

Barry, Dunes of, 31.

Barton, Sir Andrew, 120, 122:
Beaton, David, (Cardinal), 138.

Beaton, James, (Archbishop), 134.

Confession of Faith, Knox's, 146.

Congregation, Lords of the, 145.

Conventicles, 181.

Convention of Estates, 184.

Covenant, The National, 173.

Covenant, The Solemn League and,
175.

Covenants, The First and Second, 145.
Craigmillar Castle, 117.
Crawar, Paul, 108.

Cressingham, Sir Hugh, 60, 64.

Cromwell, Oliver, 177.

Culdees, 26, 36.

Cumberland, 48, 49.

Cumbraes, 55.

Dacre, Lord, 134, 139.
Dalriada, 25.

Dalrymple, Sir John, 185.
Darien Scheme, The, 187.
Darnley, Lord, 147.
David I., 43.
David II., 96.

Death of De Boune (poetry), 78.
Debatable Land, 32.

Discipline, Second Book of, 158.
Donald Bane, 42.
Douglas, Archibald, 117.
Douglas, Earl of, 100.

Douglas, Lord James, 93, 94.

Douglases and the Boyds, The, 112.
Drumclog, Battle of, 182.

Dryburgh Abbey, 143.

Dukes, First Scottish, 106.
Dumbarton, 24.

Dumfries, 69.

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English Tongue in Scotland, 33.
"Erection" of James V., 135.

Falaise, Treaty of, 48.

Fala Moor, 139.

Falkirk, Battle of, 69.

Falkland Palace, 107, 136, 139.

Feudalism, Lingering, 163.

Feudal System, 38.

Flodden, Battle of, 121.
Flodden Field (poetry), 125.
Fotheringay Castle, 158.

Galgacus, 19.

Geddes, Jenny, 173.

General Assembly, First, 146.
Glammis, The Master of, 155.
Glasgow, 147.

Glasgow University founded, 116.
Glencoe, Massacre of, 185.
Gowrie Conspiracy, The, 158.
Graham of Claverhouse, 185.
Graham, Sir Robert, 110.
Grammar Schools, 174.
Graup, Mount, 19..

Haco of Norway, 54.

Hadrian, Emperor, 20.

Halidon Hill, Battle of, 97.

Hamilton, Duke of, 176.

Hamilton, Lord, 115.

Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, 152.

Hamilton, Patrick, 140.

Hamiltons, The, 115.

Harlaw, Battle of, 108.

Harold the Fair-haired, 31.

Hay of Tallo, 148.

Henry VIII., 138, 141.

Hepburn, James, Earl of Bothwell,

147.

Hepburn of Bolton, 148.

Heriot, George, 174.

Hertford, Earl of, 143.

Highlands, The, 164.
Holyrood, 121, 143.

Homage, The Claim of, 47.
Homildon Hill, Battle of, 107.

Hotspur, Harry Percy, 100.
Huntly, Earl of, 145, 149.

Inchcolm, 43.

Inches of Perth, 106.
Inchmahome Priory, 145.

Iona, 25.

Isles, Lord of the, 108, 120.

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