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signs or characters by which to read, and a mode of permanently recording by electricity. On his arrival he immediately proceeded to have parts of the apparatus made, as it is at present in operation; and but for hindrances, not connected with the invention, would have produced the apparatus complete in 1832. The distinguished Prof. Gauss of Göttingen, about two years since, (1836), invented a mode of communicating intelligence by means of an electric wire, deflecting a magnetic needle, which mode, we learn, he has now in use at Göttingen for about three miles. Prof. Wheatstone of the London University also invented a mode in 1835 or -6, using five wires or circuits, and has constructed a system of signs by the deflection of magnetic needles.

The general plan of Prof. Morse's Telegraph was first published in April 1837. The first intelligence of Prof. Wheatstone's operations reached this country in May 1837, one month after Prof. Morse's had been before the American public. Prof. Morse's plan embraced, from the beginning in 1832, but one wire or circuit. It is now successfully accomplished by him, and by it he causes a pen permanently to write the characters of his intelligence. He showed the efficiency of his machinery in July and August 1837, and in September following made trial of it for a distance of half a mile. Since that time his new machinery with ten miles of wire has been constructed and is perfectly satisfactory in its operation. Eminent scientific men in New York, Philadelphia, and Washington have witnessed its performance, approve the plan, and perceive no insurmountable obstacles to its universal application. Whatever therefore may have been previously hinted in regard to the practicability of an Electric Telegraph, it appears that Prof. Morse is the first who has devised an original Telegraph accomplishing its object perfectly. His plan was devised prior to his knowledge of the European inventions of the same name, and accomplishes its object in a totally different mode, more simple, less expensive, and more complete and permanent. It has been introduced to the consideration of Congress, and we learn, with satisfaction, that, in all probability, the means for an extensive trial of this Telegraph will be furnished. Should its success equal the expectations of most who have examined it, the results of this discovery upon society will be greater than the imagination of the most sanguine can now distinctly conceive.

Mr. O. A. Taylor's Catalogue of the Library of the Andover Theological Seminary, which we have before alluded to, Vol. IX. p. 251, is now completed. It makes a very portable and substantial octavo of 531 pages. It was commenced by Mr. Robinson, late librarian. Mr. Taylor has labored upon it for two years. It is in the alphabetical form. The name of the author is first given, and than all his productions are arranged under it, except that whole works are placed first. A short biographical notice of the author is prefixed. A foundation is laid by the use of certain characters for a systematic Index at some future time. Mr. Taylor has given not only all the

titles of books, pamphlets, etc., but all the important articles in the largest and most valuable works and periodical publications. The number of volumes described is not far from 12,000. Many of them are of great value. A very considerable proportion are in the Latin and German languages connected with biblical and theological studies. The library is deficient in English literature. Mr. Taylor will have the thanks of all the friends of the Seminary and of religion for his labor. It is what few persons will fully appreciate. Industry, perseverance, accurate and extensive bibliographical learning have been lavishly expended. We hope to notice the volume more fully hereafter.

The cause of science has lately met with a very severe loss in the death of Nathaniel Bowditch, LL. D., F. R. S.. president of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died in Boston March 16, in the 65th year of his age. His translation of the great work of La Place on Celestial Mechanics, to which he added a commentary and many original notes of his own, has given celebrity to his name throughout the world. His practical works on navigation are of the highest value.

Mr. Marsh's Icelandic Grammar is in the press at Burlington, Vt.-The New York Review is to be hereafter united with the American Quarterly.

Great Britain.

Mr. Wilberforce's Life is in the press of Mr. Murray. It will be comprised in four Vols. 8vo., with portraits. It is edited by his sons Rev. Robert I., and Rev. Samuel Wilberforce. The Memoirs are drawn from a journal, in which, during a period of fifty years, Mr. Wilberforce was accustomed to record his private sentiments and his remarks on the incidents of the day. The work will be enriched from his correspondence with his distin guished contemporaries.

Gibbon's History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire with notes by Milman and Guizot is publishing in London in monthly volumes. The original, unmutilated text of Gibbon is given, along with a candid and dispassionate examination of his misstatements on the subject of religion. Lieutenant Wellsted's Travels in Oman, the Peninsula of Mt. Sinai and along the Shores of the Red Sea are in press in two Vols. 8vo.

A Catalogue of the Irregular Greek Verbs, with all their tenses extant, their formation, meaning and usages, has been translated from Buttmann's Ausführliche Sprachlehre, by Mr. Fishlake.

Leonard Horner, F. R. S. has translated M. Cousin's "Present State of Education in Holland, with special reference to the schools for the working classes."

The second and third volumes of Mr. Hallam's " Introduction to the History of Literature in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries," the first volume of which was noticed in our last No., are now in press.

Dr. Carr has been consecrated bishop of Bombay, and Dr. Spencer bishop of Madras; the last as the successor of the holy and venerated bishop Corrie.

The distribution, printing, or translation of the Scriptures, in whole or in part, has been promoted by the British and Foreign Bible Society, directly in 66 languages or dialects, indirectly in 69; total 135. The number of versions, omitting those which are printed in different characters only, is 157. Of these, 105 are translations never before printed. Issues of Bibles, since the commencement of the society, 3,990,678; Testaments, 6,302,987; total, 10,293,645. Expenditure from the commencement, £ 2,291,884.

Belgium.

By recent investigations it was ascertained that the scarcity of Bibles is very great. In one village, a Bible was found, which ten or twelve persons subscribed for together, and sent one of their number into Holland to buy; and there it cost them 42 francs. During the last year, 8420 copies of the Bible were distributed in this country.

Germany.

Strauss's Life of Jesus continues to attract great attention. Its publication seems to have been the signal for an avowal of infidelity on the part of multitudes in Germany. The book has been ably examined, and its positions overthrown particularly by Neander and Tholuck.-Gesenius is now prosecuting his labors on his Thesaurus.-Hengstenberg is regarded with increasing fear by the enemies of evangelical religion. His views on church government, church and State, etc. are not of the most tolerant order.Some of the posthumous works of William von Humboldt are looked for with much anxiety.-The concluding Nos. of Freytag's Arabic Lexicon do not yet come to hand.-The Leipsic Gazette announces that the new number of Schumacker's Astronomical Notes contains a discovery, made by Dr. Encke, professor of astronomy at Berlin, that the planet Saturn has three rings instead of two, as hitherto believed.

Polynesia.

The people of Polynesia have no names for many of the animals mentioned in the Scriptures. They had never seen horses till the missionaries introduced them. At some of the islands the people had pigs in great abundance, and they called the horse "the pig that carries the man." In the Polynesian dialects, a vowel intervenes between every two consonants. This made it impossible to Tahitianize the word horse, for not only the two consonants must have been divided, but the letter s, not known in the language, must have been changed or omitted. In this case, the missionaries resorted to the Greek, hippos, and rejecting the s and one p, made hipo. In reference to baptism, there was a native word, which signified the application of water, without determining the precise manner in which that water is applied. Lest, however, dispute should arise, they resorted, like the English translators, to the Greek, and chose a term which any native can pronounce and comprehend.

INDEX TO VOL. XI.

A.

Addison, Joseph, Works of, noticed 257.
Advancement of Biblical Knowledge 60.
Allusions to Christianity, infrequency
of in Greek and Roman writers 203.
The Greeks and Romans, in the
time of the apostles, were not ac-
customed to visit Jerusalem 203.
The question in reference to those
writers who flourished from the
time of Domitian to the end of the
age of the Antonines 205. Greek
writers 205. Roman writers 206.
the Christians found able and
In the age of the Antonines
eloquent advocates 211. Writ-
ers who entered into controversy
with the Christians 214. Crescens
215. Lucian 216. Celsus 220. In
the age of the Antonines the Chris-
tians had obtained notoriety 221-
224. Christians not unknown to
men of letters 226. Eulogists of
the Christians 227. The Epicureans
and Cynics despised the Chris-
tians 228.
Analogies between Nature, Providence,
and Grace 344. The first analogy
respects the qualifications for en-
tering into the kingdoms, humility
and faith 345. Secondly, they are
governed by general laws 347.
The laws of each kingdom are
self-executing 348. There is a
striking analogy in the degree and
manner of sovereignty exercised in
each kingdom 349. Necessity for
active exertions in each of the three
kingdoms 352. The same apparent
mixture of good and evil, order and
confusion, light and darkness, in
each 352. In each God brings
good out of evil, etc. 357.
Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, noticed and

commended 509.

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C.
Catholic Union on Apostolic Principles,
Plan for, by Dr. Schmucker 86.
Christianity, infrequency of Allusions
to in Greek and Roman writers 203.
Christian Professor, the, noticed 253.
Church, Pharcellus, Prize Essay by, on
religious Dissensions 259.

Classics, Utility of the Study of to theo-
logical Students 28. An edict of the
emperor Julian, advice of Augus-
tine 29. The Reformers felt that
even profane learning was from
God, and to be applied to his glory
31. It materially assists in the in-
terpretation of the Scriptures 32.
Refines the taste and quickens the
sense of the beautiful 33. The
classics anciently called the hu-
manities 34. The neglect of clas-
sical studies to be attributed, in
some measure, to the manner in

which they are taught in academies and colleges 36 etc. Connection of the Old and New Testaments, by Prof. Twesten of Berlin 232.

Court of Rome, History of, noticed 254. Cousin, Victor, his Life and Works, noticed 519.

Cowper, new edition of his works by Southey and Grimshawe 514. Critical Notices 245, 503.

D.

Day, Pres. on the self-determining Power of the Will 503. Deluges, Historical and Geological, compared 1. Argument from examination of contents of caverns and fissures 1. In a cavern in Yorkshire, more than twenty species of animals made out from relics 2. The deluges of Geology and of Scripture agree in being comparatively recent 4. In being of great extent 4. The language of Scripture 5. Of commentators 6. Objections 8. Arguments against the identity of the two deluges appear to preponderate 9. Objections derived from Geology, etc, against the truth of the Mosaic history of the deluge considered 10.- viz. It is thought that certain natural processes now going on must have had an earlier date than the Noachian deluge 10. It was formerly urged that it is mathematically impossible for the present oceans of the globe to be raised so high as to cover its whole surface 11. Some parts of the globe are said to exhibit no marks of diluvial agency 12. The existence and preservation of the olive on mount Ararat have been urged as objections 13. Change of climate at the epoch of the geological deluge, etc. 13. Another objection is, that pairs of all the animals on the globe could not have been preserved in the ark 14. The present distribution of animals on the globe, etc. 16. Many species, both of animals and plants, are capable of enduring great varieties of climate 16. But the greater part of animals and plants are

confined to particular districts of
the globe 17. The deluge may not
have been universal 19. A new
creation of animals and plants may
have taken place subsequent to the
deluge 19. Such a bypothesis
probable 21. Could any natural
causes have produced the deluge?
22. Some suppose the deluge was
caused by the approximation of a
comet to the earth; some, by the
sinking down of continents beneath
the ocean, etc. 22. Others impute
it to the sudden elevation of the
bottom of the ocean, etc. 23. Sum-
mary of conclusions from the pre-
ceding discussion 25.

Denial of the Mosaic Origin of the
Pentateuch, Causes of 416.
Design of Theological Seminaries 187.

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