Изображения страниц
PDF
EPUB

divisions of the Church, but is now chiefly a title. There are twelve prelates in the Roman Catholic Church who bear this title, namely: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, Venice, West Indies, Lisbon, Antioch of the Greek Melchites, Antioch of the Maronites, Antioch of the Syrians, Babylon of the Chaldeans, Cilicia of the Armenians. (The Patriarch of the West Indies resides at the court of Madrid, and is Grand Almoner of the Sovereign, and VicarGeneral of the Army and the Fleet).

The following list contains the names of all Archbishoprics and the number of Bishoprics in every country:

America. United States. Archbishoprics, 7: New York, Baltimore, Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, San Francisco, Oregon City. Bishoprics, 46, the dioceses (Archbishoprics and the Bishoprics) are divided among the seven provinces as follows:

Province of Baltimore comprises the dioceses of Baltimore, Charleston, Erie, Harrisburg, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Richmond, Savannah, Scranton, Wheeling, and Wilmington, (Del.,) with the vicariates Apostolic of North Carolina and Florida, and extends over the District of Columbia, and the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, and the eastern section of Florida. Province of Cincinnati embraces the dioceses of Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Covington, Detroit, Fort Wayne, Louisville, Marquette and Vincennes, including the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Kentucky. Province of New Orleans, La., comprises the dioceses of New Orleans, Galveston, Little Rock, Mobile, Natchez, and Natchitoches, and includes the States of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, and Arkansas. Province of New York includes the dioceses of New York, Albany, Boston, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Burlington, Hartford, Newark, Portland, Rochester, and includes New England, New York, and New Jersey. Province of Oregon City includes the dioceses of Oregon City, Nesqualy, Vancouver Island, and the vicariate of British Columbia. Province of St. Louis comprises the dioceses of St. Louis, Alton, Chicago, Dubuque, Green Bay, La Crosse, Milwaukee, Nashville, Santa Fe, St. Joseph, St. Paul, the vicariates apostolic of Kansas, the Indian Territory, Nebraska, Idaho, Colorado and Montana, and embraces Missouri, Tennessee, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iown, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, Dacotah, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and the Indian Territory. Province of San Francisco comprises the dioceses of San Francisco, Grass Valley, Monterey, and Los Angelos, and embraces the States of California and Nevada, and all the territory east to the Rio Colorado.

British Possessions. Archbishoprics, 3: Quebec, Halifax, Port of Spain. Bishoprics, 16. Mexico. Archbishoprics, 3: Mexico, Guadalajara, Michoacan. Bishoprics, 11.

Central America. Archbishopric, 1: Guatemala. Bishoprics, 4.

Spanish Possessions. Archbishopric, 1: Santiago de Cuba. Bishoprics, 2.

French Possessions. Bishoprics, 2.

United States of Colombia. Archbishopric, 1: Santa Fe de Bogota. Bishoprics, 6.

Venezuela. Archbishopric, 1: Caraccas. Bishoprics, 3.

Ecuador. Archbishopric, 1: Quito. Bishoprics, 2.

Bolivia. Archbishopric, 1: Chuquisaca. Bishoprics, 3.

Peru. Archbishopric, 1: Lima. Bishoprics, 5.

Argentine Confederation (including Buenos Ayres). Archbishopric, 1: Buenos Ayres. Bishoprics, 4.

Brazil. Archbishopric, 1: Bahia. Bishoprics, 11.

Chili. Archbishopric, 1: Santiago. Bishoprics, 3.

Uruguay. Bishopric, 1.

Paraguay. Bishopric, 1.

Dominican Republic. Archbishopric, 1: San Domingo.
Hayli. Archbishopric, 1: Port-au-Prince.

Europe. Italy and Papal States. Archbishoprics, 46: Acerenza et Matera, Amalfi, Bari, Benevento, Bologna, Brindisi, Cagliari, Camerino, Capua, Chieti, Conza, Cosenza, Fermo, Ferrara, Florence, Gaëta, Genoa, Lanciano, Lucca, Manfredonia, Messina, Milan, Modena, Monreale, Naples, Oristano, Otranto, Palermo, Pisa, Ravenna, Reggio, Rossano, Salerno et Acerno, Sassari, St. Severina, Siena, Sorrento, Spoleto, Syracuse, Tarento, Trani et Nazaret, Turin, Urbino, Udine, Vercelli, Venice. Bishoprics, 202.

France. Archbishoprics, 17: Besancon, Bordeaux, Chambery, Lyons et Vienne, Paris, Rheims, Aix, Albi, Auch, Avignon, Bourges, Cambray, Rennes, Rouen, Sens et Auxerre, Toulouse et Narbonne, Tours. Bishoprics (exclusive of the Colonies), 65.

Spain (inclusive of the Balearic and Canarian Islands). Archbishoprics, 9: Burgos, Santiago, Grenada, Saragossa, Toledo, Tarragona, Sevilla, Valencia, Valladolid. Bishoprics, 50.

Portugal (exclusive of Madeira, and the Azores, for which see Africa). Archbishoprics, 3; Lisbon, Braga, Evora. Bishoprics, 14.

Belgium. Archbishopric, 1; Malines.
Holland. Archbishopric, 1; Utrecht.

Bishoprics, 5.
Bishoprics, 4.

Great Britain. Archbishoprics, 6; Westminster (England); Armagh, Cashel, Tuam, Dublin, (Ireland); Malta. Bishoprics, England, 12; Ireland, 24.

Austria. Archbishoprics, 14; Agram, Colocza, Erlan, Fogaras (Greek), Gran, Goeritz et Gradisca, Lemburg (one Latin, one Greek, and one Armenian), Olmutz, Prague, Salsburg, Vienna, Zara. Bishoprics, 47 (among which are seven of the United Greeks).

Prussia. Archbishoprics, 2; Cologne, Posen et Gnesen. Bishoprics, 10.
Bavaria. Archbishoprics, 2; Munich, Bamberg. Bishoprics, 6.

Baden. Archbishopric, 1; Freiburg.

Other German States. Bishoprics, 2.

Switzerland. Bishoprics, 5.

Russia (including Poland). Archbishoprics, 3; Mohilew, Polocz (United Greek), Warsaw, Poland. Bishoprics, Russia, 10; Poland, 8.

Turkey. Bishoprics, 6; Vicariates Apostolic, 6. Archbishoprics (including 1 Patriarchate), 5; Antivari, Durazzo, Scopia (administered by a Bishop in partibus, es Administrator Apostolic); Constantinople, Latin Patriarchate, administered by a Provicar Apostolic; Constantinople, Armenian Archbishop Primate.

Greece. Archbishoprics, 2: Corfu, Naxos. Bishoprics, 5.

Asia. Turkey. Archbishoprics, 18; Aleppo (United Syrian Archbishopric); Amadie (Chaldean Archbishopric); Antioch, 4 patriarchs, (1 Latin, 1 Melchite, 1 Maronite, 1 Syrian): Babylon, 2, (1 Chaldean Patriarch, 1 Latin Archbishopric); Cilicia, 1 Armenian Patriarch; Damascus, 3, (1 Maronite Archbishopric, 1 Syrian Archbishopric, 1 Greek Archbishopric, administered by the Greek Patriarch of Antioch); Jerusalem, 1 Latin Patriarch; Smyrna, Tyre, 1 Melchite Archbishopric; Seleucia, 3 (Chaldean, Armenian, Syrian). Bishoprics, Latin ríte, 2; Greek, 9; Chaldean, 4; Armenian, 9; Syrian, 8; Maronite, 6. Total, 38.

Persia. Bishoprics, 4; 1 Armenian, 1 Latin (connected at present with Babylon, Turkey), 2 Chaldean.

India. Archbishopric, 1; Goa. Bishoprics, 3.

Spanish Possessions (Philippine Islands). | Archbishopric, 1. Bishoprics, 3.
China. Bishopric, 1.

Africa. Archbishopric, 1; Algiers. Bishoprics, Portuguese possessions, 5; French possessions, 4; English possessions, 1; Spanish possessions (including the See of Tangier), 2. Australasia and Polynesia. Archbishoprics. Sidney, 1. Bishoprics, 8.

Vicariaths Apostolic, 7; the groups of Mangareva, Tahiti, Paumotoo; the Sandwich Islands; the Marquesas group; Central Occanica; the Navigators' Islands; New Caledonia; Melanesia and Micronesia.

4. Ecumenical Councils. The Catholic Church recognizes nineteen General or Œcumenical Councils, the first of which was that of the Apostles, at Jerusalem, A. D. 50. The others were held as follows: 1st of Nice, in Bithynia, A. D. 325; 1st of Constantinople, A. D. 381; 1st of Ephesus, A. D. 431; Chalcedon, A. D. 451; 2d of Constantinople, A. D. 533; 3d of Constantinople, A. D. 680; 2d of Nice, A. D. 787; 4th of Constantinople, A. D. 869; 4 councils of Lateran, Rome, A. D. 1123, 1139, 1179, and 1215; 1st and 2d of Lyons, A. D. 1245, 1274; Vienna, in Dauphiny, A. D. 1311; Constance, A. D. 1414; Basle, A. D. 1431; Trent, A. D. 1545.

The Councils of Pisa in 1409, of Florence in 1439, and the 5th of the Lateran, in 1512, are regarded by some as cecumenical. The conference of 1854, when the dogma of the immaculate conception was proclaimed, was not an ecumenical council.

A new Ecumenical Council has been called by Pope Pius IX. to meet at Rome, on December 8, 1869.

5. National and Provincial Councils and Diocesan Synods.", Meetings of all the bishops of a country under the presidency of one of the Archbishops who either has the title of Primate, or has been designated by the Pope as the first among the Archbishops, are called National Councils. In the United States a National Council is to meet every tenth year. The last was held in 1866, at Baltimore, under the presidency of the Archbishop of Baltimore. Provincial Councils are the meetings of the bishops belonging to an ecclesiastical province, under the presidency of the Archbishop of the Province.

Diocesan Synods are the meetings of the clergy of a diocese, under the presidency of the Bishop of the diocese.

6. Monastic Orders. The fullest statistics of the monastic institutions of the Roman Catholic Church are to be found in the work, Statistisches Jahrbuch der Kirche (Statistical YearBook of the Church: Ratisbon, 1862). The author, a Carmelite monk, gives, in alphabetical arrangement, a list of all male and female monastic orders, and, under the head of each order, similarly arranged, the names of all monasteries existing at that time. He estimates the number of male monasteries and establishments at 8,000, and the aggregate number of their members at 117,500. The number of female monasteries and establishments is estimated at 10,000, and the aggregate number of their members at 189,000.

The following are the statistics of some of the principal male Monastic orders: Franciscans, 50,000; School Brethren, 16,000; Jesuits, 8,000; Congregations for nursing the sick, 6,000; Benedictines, 5,000; Dominicans, 4,000; Carmelites, 4,000; Trappists, 4,000; Lazarists, 2,000; Piarists, 2,000; Redemptorists, 2,000.

IV. THE ORIENTAL CHURCHES.

The Greek Church. This is by far the most numerous among the Oriental Churches. It consists of 10 different groups, which in point of administration are independent of each other, namely:

1. The Patriarchate of Jerusalem; which has 13 Sees, (Metropolitical and 1 Archiepiscopal). 2. The Patriarchate of Antioch; 6 Metropolitical Sees. 3. The Patriarchate of Alexandria: 4 Metropolitical Sees. 4. The Patriarchate of Constantinople; 135 Sces (90 Metropolitical and 4 Archiepiscopal). 5. The Patriarchate of Russia; 65 Sees (5 Metropolitical, 25 Archiepiscopal). 6. The Patriarchate of Cyprus; 4 Sees, (of which 1 is Archiepiscopal). 7. The Patriarchate of Austria; 11 Sees, (2 Metropolitical). 8. The Patriarchate of Mt. Sinai; 1 See. 9. The Patriarchate of Montenegro; 1 Metropolitical Sce. 10. The Patriarchate of Greece; 24 Sees. (The Archbishop of Athens is ex officio President of the Holy Synod).

The statistics of the Greek Church, reported in 1867, were as follows: Russia, total, 57.161,000; Turkey, inclusive of the dependencies in Europe and Egypt, 13,300,000; Austria, 3,200,000; Greece, (inclusive of the Ionian Islands), 1,270,000; North German Confederation, 2,000; United States of America, 10,000; China, 1,000; total, 74,944,000.

The Armenian Church. The number of Armenians is estimated by Dr. Petermann, one of the highest authorities on ethnographical subjects, at 2,500,000. Of these, about 100,000 are connected with Rome (United Armenians), 15,000 are Evangelical Armenians, and all the others belong to the National (or Gregorian) Armenian Church. Of late, efforts have been made both in Russia and Turkey to prepare the way for a union of the Armenian with the Greek Church. Russia, according to an official report of the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment, had in 1851, 22,253 Catholic (united) Armenians, and 372,535 “Gregorian" (non-united) Armenians. According to a later estimate, there were 35,000 Armenians in European and 500,000 in Asiatic Russia. The Armenian population of Turkey is estimated at 2,000,000, Persia has about 30,000. The highest bishop of the Armenian Church resides at Etchmiatsin, in Asiatic Russia.

The Nestorians, called after Nestorius, a patriarch of Constantinople in the 5th century, were condemned by the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431, for maintaining that there was a great distinction between Christ the Son of God and Christ the Son of Man; and that it was only the human nature of Christ that was born of the Virgin Mary.

The number of Nestorians in Turkey was reported in 1833, as 10,054 families, or 70,000 persons, but other statements give higher figures. In Persia, the number is estimated at 15.000. In India, the Nestorians are commonly known under the name of Christians of St. Thomas, of whom there are about 70,000. In Turkey, the Nestorians have a Patriarch at Diz (Mosul), and 18 bishops.

Since 1833, the American missionaries have labored among the Nestorians, and formed a number of Evangelical Congregations. Those Nestorians who have united with Rome, are generally called Chaldeans. They number about 80,000, and have a patriarch bearing the title of Patriarch of Babylon; and residing at Bagdad, archbishops at Amadia and Seleucia, in Asiatic Turkey; four bishops in Turkey and two in Persia.

The Jacobites, one of the branches of the Monophysites (see Armenians, Copts, Abyssinlans). They are called after the monk Jacob Baradai, who in the middle of the 6th century, re-organized the persecuted Monophysites of Syria.

The Jacobites have a patriarch with the title Patriarch of Antioch, at Caramit (Diarbekir), a maphrian (head of the Eastern Jacobites), in a convent near Mosul. Besides, there are said to be 21 bishops in Asiatic Turkey. The number of families in Turkey is variously estimated from 10,400 to 34,000. It is said that there are about 200,000 Jacobites living in East India (in Malabar

and Travancore), who have four bishops, one of whom lives in Cochin. Anumber of Jacobites have joined the communion of the Roman Catholic Church, and are generally called the United Syrians. They retain the old rite of the Syrian Churches, and the use of the old Syrian language at divine service. Those in Turkey have a patriarch at Aleppo, and several bishops. In India, there are about 96,000 United Syrians, who retain their own rites, and about 60,000 who have entirely identified themselves with the Latin rite.

The Copts is the name of the Monophysites in Egypt (see Armenians). The head of the Church is the Patriarch of Alexandria, who resides at Cairo, with jurisdiction also extending over Nubia and Abyssinia, and the right of consecrating the Abuna (patriarch) of the latter country; 16 bishops and 146 churches and convents. The population is variously estimated at from 150,000 to 250,000, of whom about 10,000 are in Cairo. Of the Copts, about 13,000 have united with the Roman Catholic Church (United Copts).

The Abyssinians. The Christians of Abyssinia are Monophysites like the Copts. They number about 3,000,000.

V. THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES.

Divisions of Protestantism. The name Protestant originated in 1529, in Germany, at the Diet of Spire, when the Evangelical estates refused to submit to a resolution passed by the majority of the Diet, by which all further innovations in religious matters were prohibited until the convocation of an Ecumenical Council. But it has since come into general use as the collective designation of all Christians not belonging to either the Church of Rome, or the Eastern Churches, inclusive even of those who, like the Waldensians originated before the Reformation of the sixteenth century. In some of the Churches embraced under these divisions, there are parties, objecting to being included in this class. We follow the almost universal classification of statisticians.

There is no division of the Protestant Churches that is generally accepted. The name "evangelical" has come into frequent use, to designate one class of Protestant denomination. In 1845, the "Evangelical Alliance" was organized in Liverpool, to be a common bond of union of the denominations called evangelical. Membership of the Alliance was made dependent upon nine tenets, among which were, the Inspiration of the Scriptures, the Trinity, the utter depravity of human nature, the Divinity of Jesus Christ, and the atonement, justification by faith alone, and the divine institution of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper. These tenets were, however. not generally accepted by those who sympathised with and took part in the operations of the Alliance. General meetings of the Evangelical Alliance, attended by delegates from all parts of the world, were held at the following places: 1. London, 1846; 2. Paris, 1855; 3. Berlin, 1857; 4. Geneva. 1860; 5. Amsterdam, 1867. The sixth general meeting is to be held in New York in October, 1869.

The Principal Protestant Denominations. Below we give in alphabetical order the principal divisions of Protestantism, especially those in the United States.

Anglican Church. The Anglican Church consists of the following branches: 1. The Established Church of England; 2. The Church of Ireland; 3. The Scotch Episcopal Church; 4. The Church in the British Colonies; 5. The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. There is besides, one Anglican Church in the Sandwich Islands, and several missionary bishops in Asia and Africa. All the bishops of the above branches were, in 1867, invited by the late Archbishop of Canterbury to a so-called Pan-Anglican Synod. The Synod, the first of its kind, was opened on Sept. 24, and was attended by seventy-six bishops. A hope was expressed that this meeting might be followed by other similar ones. Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States. of this Church were as follows:

[blocks in formation]

At the close of the year 1868, the statistics

Dioceses.
Ohio
Pennsylvania

Communicants.

Communicants.

Communiente.

2,001

Maine

1.632

8.023

+1,500

Maryland

.12,269

20.445

[blocks in formation]

Pittsburgh..

2.883

[blocks in formation]

The General Triennial Convention of 1868, admitted the diocese of Nebraska, and authorized the division of the dioceses of Western New York and Maryland into two, and the division of the diocese of New York into three dioceses. There are several missionary bishops in the United States, one missionary bishop for Western Africa, and one for China and Japan. Total number of dioceses, November, 1968, 39; bishops, 47; bishops elect, 2; priests and deacons, 2,687; whole number of clergy, 2,736; parishes, 2,472; ordinations, 206; candidates for orders, 331; churches consecrated, 38; baptisms of infants, 26,835, of adults. 7,067, not stated, 1,800; total baptisms, 35,702; confirmations, 21,958; communicants, increase in 27 dioceses during past year, 14,365; present number, 194,692; marriages, 9,945; burials, 15,346; Sunday school teachers, 21,711; scholars, 194,046; contributions, $4,457,888.28.

Other Anglican Churches. The number of bishops and clergymen of the other branches of the Anglican Churches is as follows:

The Established Church of England and Ireland, and the Scotch Episcopal Church. England (including the two archbishops of Canterbury and York), 28 bishops, about 19,000 clergy; Ireland (including the two archbishops of Armagh and Dublin), 12 bishops, about 2,200 clergy; Scotland, 8 bishops, about 162 clergy; the Colonies (including India, Melanesia and Sandwich Islands), 51 bishops, about 2,000 clergy; retired bishops, 6: total, 105 bishops, 23,362 clergy. In England there are 5,764,543 Church sittings; in Scotland, 165 churches and 94 schools. In England, it is estimated that from 60 to 70 per cent. of the total population belong to the Established Church. In Ireland, the Established Church embraced a population, according to the census of 1861, of 693,357. The membership of the Scotch is estimated at 14 per cent. of the

population.

Baptists. The Baptists are divided into a number of denominations; the following are the most important:

Regular Baptists in America. The following shows the number of Regular Baptists in the United States in 1866, as published by the Baptist Almanac for 1868:

[blocks in formation]

The total number of ministers (reported at the dates above given in the several states) is 8,346, and of baptisms, 92,075. The number of Associations was 609, of churches, 12,955. The number in British America is as follows:

[blocks in formation]

Free Will Baptists in the United States and British America. This denomination held in 1867, 29 yearly meetings and 148 quarterly meetings. It numbered 1,276 Churches, 1,100 ordained preachers, and 59,211 communicants. At the Triennial Convention held in 1868, several associations of "General Baptists" united with this denomination, increasing the membership to 63,543.

Other Baptist Denominations of America. The statistics of the other Baptist bodies in America are reported by the "Baptist Almanac for 1868," as follows;

[blocks in formation]
« ПредыдущаяПродолжить »