All the above state officers are chosen by the legal voters of the state for a term of four years each, except that at the first election under the new constitution, the treasurer was to be elected for two years.

The legislative power is vested in the General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senators, 36 in number, are elected for four years, one-half biennially, and the representatives, 101 in number, for two years. General election first Monday in November. The members of the General Assembly receive $8 for each day of attendance, and going to and returning from the sessions which are limited to 60 days each. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years or upwards, born or naturalized in the United States, and a resident of this state one year next preceding an election, and the last ten days within the parish in which he offers to vote, shall be deemed an elector. Criminals and certain persons who participated in the rebellion are excluded. All persons without regard to race, color, or previous condition, born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, and residents of this state for one year, are citizens of this state.

JUDICIARY:

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Parish Courts, and in Justices of the Peace.

The Supreme Court, except in cases provided, has appellate jurisdiction only. It is composed of one Chief Justice, and four Associate Justices, a majority of whom constitutes a quorum. The Chief Justice and the Associate Justices are appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the term of eight years. They must be citizens of the United States, and have practiced law for five years, the last three thereof next preceding their appointment, in this state. The Court appoints its own clerks. The Supreme Court holds its sessions in the city of New Orleans from the first Monday in the month of November to the end of the month of May. The state is divided into districts, in each of which a judge is chosen for four years by the qualified electors. The number of districts must not be less than 12 nor more than 20, and must remain unchanged for four years. The present number is 18. There is one District Court in each district except the parish of Orleans which has seven.

The District Courts have original jurisdiction in all civil cases when the amount in dispute exceeds five hundred dollars exclusive of interest. In criminal cases their jurisdiction is unlimited. They have appellate jurisdiction in civil ordinary suits when the amount in dispute exceeds $100.

For each Parish Court one judge is chosen by the qualified electors of the parish. He holds his office for the term of two years. In 1868 there were 18 district judges, and 48 parish judges. The Justices of the Peace are chosen by the electors of each parish, and hold office for the term of two years.

Circuit Judge,

UNITED STATES COURTS.

.

District Judge, Edward H. Durell. District Attorney, S. H. Torrey. Marshal, F. J. Herron, Clerk of Circuit Court, Dominick Urban. Clerk of District Court, Charles C. Clairborne.

SUPREME COURT.

Chief Justice, John T. Ludeling, Monroe.

Associate Justices, Wm. G. Wiley, Floyd; J. K. Howell, New Orleans; J. G, Talliafero, Harrisonburg; W. W. Howe, New Orleans. Clerks, J. M. Wells, Jr.; C. M. Ilsley, Jr. Salary of Chief Justice, $7,500; of each Associate Justice, $7,000.

FINANCES.

The Receipts from all sources for 1868, as reported by the State Treasurer, November 19, were as follows:

The Expenditures during the same period, according to the General Appropriation Bill, were as follows:

Salaries of Officers and Contingent Expenses of their Departments..

$150,180

Salaries of Judges, District Attorneys, and Reporters of Supreme Court

.206,300

Compensation to State Assessors and Tax Collectors, and deductions of uncollected taxes..210,000 Compensation and Contingent Expenses of the Legislature..

.300,000

The total outstanding bonded debt of the state, November 19, 1868, consisted of 9,473 bonds, amounting to $7,962,800. From this should be deducted bonds of the State, which were the property of the state, and were held by the State Treasurer;

Leaving the total outstanding Bonded Debt, exclusive of the bonds owned by the State, $6,771,300; the state also owned consolidated city bonds and Railroad bonds, amounting to $371,000; which, if sold or exchanged, would reduce the bonded debt of the state to $6,400,371.

The floating debt of the state, consisting of state notes, warrants and overdue coupons, amounted to $1,929,500, which, with the deficit for the year, it was expected would be entirely liquidated by the special tax of 1 per cent.

EDUCATION.

The constitution provides that the General Assembly shall establish at least one free public school in every parish throughout the state, and shall provide for its support by taxation or otherwise. All children of this state between the ages of six and twenty-one are admitted to the public schools or other institutions of learning sustained or established by the state in common, without distinction of race, color, or previous condition. No separate schools or institutions of learning can be established exclusively for any race by this state.

A University is to be established and maintained in the city of New Orleans. It is to be composed of a law, a medical, and a collegiate department, each with appropriate faculties. The General Assembly must provide for its organization and maintenance; and all departments are to be opened in common to all students capable of matriculating.

Since the close of the war, the Centenary College at Jackson, under the care of the Methodist Church, and several private schools and academies have been revived and are now prosperous.

The public schools are under the general supervision and control of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The proceeds of all lands granted by the United States for the use and support of public schools, and of certain other land grants; and the proceeds of all estates of deceased persons to which the state may be entitled by law, are held by the state as a loan, and are to remain a perpetual fund on which the state shall pay an annual interest of six per cent., which interest, with the interest of the trust fund deposited with this state by the United States, and the rent of the unsold lands must be appropriated to the support of public schools; this appropriation is to remain inviolable. No appropriation can be made by the General Assembly for the support of any private school, or any private institution of learning whatever. One-half of the funds derived from the poll tax, are appropriated exclusively to the support of the free public schools throughout the state, and the University of New Orleans.

The Normal school in the city of New Orleans was suspended in 1862, but it has been re-established and continued by the benevolence of teachers of the city who have given their services to it gratuitously.

School Statistics of New Orleans. Number of schools-for white children-High Schools, 3; District Schools, 36; for colored children, 16; total, 55; number of teachers-for white children, 262; for colored children, 52; total, 314; number of pupils enrolled-white children, 17,163; colored children, 4,477; total, 21,640. Salaries paid teachers, $231,055.11; rents of school houses, $19,383.85; salaries of officers of Board, $12,043.45; books and stationery, $21,526.96; repairs, $60,037.78; furniture, $16,177.76; miscellaneous, $102,759.27; total, $381,417.44; appropriations for white children, $360,060; for colored children, $70,000; received from W. S. Mount, $5,000; total $435,000.

CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.

The constitution provides that institutions for the support of the insane, and the education and support of the blind and the deaf and dumb, shall always be fostered by the state, and be subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly.

The principal charitable institutions of the state are in New Orleans and Jefferson. The influence of the climate on strangers, and the frequency of epidemics, causes a large number of sick and orphans needing aid. The following institutions including some not public, were in operation in 1868. Insane Asylum, Jackson. Mr. KING, Superintendent. Number in Asylum Dec. 31, 1866 -males, 80; females, 92; total, 172; number admitted since-males, 11; females, 1; total, 12; making in all, 184; discharged, recovered-males, 6; females, 1; total, 7; removed, improved— 1; eloped, 2; died-males, 6; females, 5; total, 11; remaining Dec. 31, 1867-males, 78; females, 85; total, 163; whole number of admissions since the opening of the Asylum, 1,171; salaries of officers, and wages of servants, 7,900; other expenses, $13,700; total, $21,600.

Charity Hospital. Founded in 1786, mainly to care and provide for the indigent sick, yet has a few pay patients, chiefly sailors. It is sustained by a tax of $2.50 each, on passengers arriving by sea, licenses on balls, theatres, and lotteries, donations by the state, and pay patients as above referred to.

The amount received from pay patients the last year reached $67,000; the expenses are about $9,000 per month. Number of patients January 1, 1867, 723; admitted during the year, 8,612; total, 9,335. Discharged during the year, 7,260; died, 1,438; remaining in hospital January 1, 1868, 637. This institution and the following are in New Orleans.

Poydras Asylum for Girls, Protestant. Founded by Julian Poydras, in 1817; is for girls only, and is managed by a board of twelve ladies. It has 120 inmates; can accommodate 500; takes all that apply; is supported chiefly by rent from property donated by its founder. St. Mary's Male Orphan Asylum, Catholic. Established in 1835; is directed by a board of fourteen gentlemen; has 380 inmates. Applicants for admission are subject to no condition, other than being orphans. It is supported by the state and donations.

St. Vincent's Home for Boys, Catholic. Established in 1866 for half orphans, and is managed by a board of six gentlemen; has 63 inmates, who are educated and taught useful trades. Its resources are from the state, donations, work, and contributions by the Society.

St. Elizabeth Female Orphan Asylum, Catholic. Established in 1856. Girls between the ages of twelve and fourteen years only are admitted, and retained until eighteen or twenty. Besides a book education, they are taught trades, house keeping, and all duties pertaining to the position for which they are destined hereafter-169 inmates. The resources are from the state, city, proceeds of their work, fairs, and contributions.

Orphan's Home, Protestant. Established in 1853. Orphans of both sexes are admittedcontains 49 boys and 71 girls, 120 in all. A board of managers, composed of twelve ladies, have charge of the house. Its resources are from the state, city, contribution, fairs, and membership. St. Vincent's Infant Asylum-Catholic. Established in 1862; in charge of nine Sisters of Charity. There are 150 inmates, 10 boys, and 140 girls; none over seven years old are admitted; it is supported by the state, city, and donations.

St. Joseph's German Orphan Boys and Girls Asylum-Catholic. Established in 1853, and managed by twelve Sisters of Charity. There are now 104 boys, and 108 girls; in all 212. Its resources are from the city, state and receipts from St. Joseph's Cemetery.

German Orphan Asylum-Protestant. Established in 1868 by a German Protestant Society, which sustains it. Both sexes are admitted. They number 16; 7 girls and 9 boys.

St. Anna's Asylum. Established in 1850 for the relief of destitute females of all religious denominations, and their helpless children. During the last year it has had under its care sixty-four women and thirty-two children. Its resources are dues from subscribers, contributions, and work.

Southern Hospital Association. Incorporated in 1866, and commenced active operations in January, 1867. Its resources are entirely derived from individual exertion and contributions, its receipts up to this date reaching $80,000. There are now 47 inmates.

Children's Home-Protestant. Established by the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1855. Its board of managers is composed of 10 ladies. Orphans, half-orphans, and destitute children of both sexes are admitted; it has 32 girls and 40 boys. Its support is derived from the state, city, donations, and contributions.

Louisiana Retreat-Catholic. Established in 1864, to give a home to the Insane. Its resources are derived from the state, and its inmates, about one-half of whom are paying recip ients. It has at this time 45 inmates, cared for by seven Sister Superiors. Old and young, male and female are alike admitted.

Ladies' Benevolent Association of Louisiana. Organized in 1866; its objects are to provide artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers, mark and protect the graves of their dead,

and aid and assist their destitute widows and orphans. Its management is confided to a board of ladies. The resources are from donations, subscriptions, and memberships.

Widow's Home-Catholic. Established in 1851, and is managed by a community known as Ladies of Providence. It contains 47 women, 24 children, and 25 aged or infirm men-96 in all; and is supported by the state, city, proceeds of work done by the inmates, and charity. Society for the Relief of Destitute Orphan Boys-Protestant. Established in 1824; it is under the direction of a board of eight gentlemen. It has 73 inmates, and room for many more; no conditions imposed on admission. Its resources are derived from rents.

St. Croix Asylum-Catholic. Established in 1855; it is under the management of the Sisters of Charity. There is an Academy attached, where a complete English education can be had, which has now 40 pupils. The Asylum has 77 inmates. No conditions attached to admission, other than that they are to remain until eighteen years of age. Its resources are derived from the state, city, academy, donations, and contributions.

Home for the Aged and Infirm. Established in 1862, by Mrs. A. W. Richardson, mainly sustained, and conducted solely by her, until recently, when it passed into the hands of the city; it has 50 female inmates.

Marine Hospital. Is supported by the United States Government, for the benefit of sick, aged, and infirm freedmen only. It contains 322 patients and 36 aged and infirm persons.

New Orleans Orphan Asylum. Established in 1836, for girls between the ages of 7 and 14. It has now 220 orphans.

Orphan's Home Society-Protestant. Established in 1865, for orphans of both sexes. It is managed by a board composed of both sexes, numbering thirteen, and has 103 inmates. Jewish Widow's and Orphan's Association. Organized in 1856, by the Jews; it has 89 inmates, 44 boys, 43 girls, and 2 widows. It is supported by an annual payment of dues by the members, donations and contributions; receipts from all sources the past year, as per report of March, 1868, $25,365.26, disbursements, $19,963.87.

Howard Association. This association was organized in 1836, chartered in 1842, and re-chartered in 1867. Its active members are limited to 30, but do not reach that number. Its duties are to take care of the indigent sick in times of epidemic only. When the Board of Health shall declare the existence of an epidemic, whatever its kind, they organize for action, though they have not, on all occasions, waited for such announcement by the Board. Each member is assigned a district respectively, where he receives and responds to all applications in that district. The members in the performance of their duties, do not restrict themselves to this city, but when it is possible to spare them, delegations accompanied by nurses are sent to distant towns and cities where epidemics prevail. Their resources are derived entirely from contributions. Their receipts during the epidemic of last year were $108,866.49, to which 19 cities and towns outside of New Orleans contributed. Their entire expenditures were $78,320.66. In addition to the sick taken care of as above, they extended relief to sick and extremely destitute persons in families numbering 6,200.

House of Refuge for Girls. Established in 1852, as a School or House of Reform for Female Juvenile Delinquents not exceeding 15 years of age. Its general management is placed with a Board of Commissioners, composed of 13 citizens, elected annually by the Council, and the Mayor of the City, who is a member ex-officio. It has 32 inmates, most of whom were committed for vagrancy, but few for criminal offences and those of a minor character, and some as a protection from bad influences, and cruelty of heartless parents.

House of Refuge for Boys. Established by the city authorities in 1848, to supply a home corrective and reformatory in its character, to which courts could commit juvenile vagrants, and minor criminal offenders against the law only. It is under the management of a board of thirteen commissioners, elected by the Council annually, and the Mayor of the city, who is a member ex-officio. It has 106 inmates. All children found pilfering, begging within the limits of the city, engaged in any occupation dangerous to their morals, or of a tendency to produce idleness or vice, idle and attending no school, abandoned to themselves, or not provided for by their parents are called "juvenile vagrants."

POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.

The population of Louisiana at each decade since the organization of the State, was: