Amount of State Bonds burned by order of the General Assembly in 1867.
Miscellaneous..

123,000.00

1,767.16

..536,668.16

Balance in Treasury April 1, 1868..

STATE DEBT.

At the commencement of the fiscal year, the funded debt of the state amounted to,

Less this amount to credit of Sinking Fund Bonds burned by order of the General Assembly,

Balance,

Deduct bank stock at market value,

Cash on hand April 1, 1868,

$1,958,868.79

$9,705,400.00

1,284,307.35

$8,421,092.65

$383,500.00

713,455.94-1,096,955.94

$7,324,136.71

Leaving the liabilities of the state over and above assets,

EDUCATION.

There are three colleges in the state. Yale College at New Haven, (Congregational); Trinity College at Hartford, (Episcopal); and Wesleyan University at Middletown, (Methodist).

Yale College has connected with it a Theological Seminary, a Law school, a Medical school, and the Sheffield Scientific school. The latter institution has received from Joseph E. Sheffield, Esq., donations amounting in all to more than $160,000, and is amply provided with all the requisites for giving thorough instruction in the various departments of mathematical, physical and natural science. By an act of the Legislature it has been constituted the Connecticut college for the promotion of agriculture and the mechanic arts, and has received the benefit of the land appropriation bestowed by Congress for this purpose.

The Yale School of Fine Arts was established by the liberality of the late Augustus R. Street, Esq., of New Haven. An art building has been erected for the exhibition of works of art and instruction of classes in the various arts of design.

The other professional schools are, The Theological Institute of Connecticut, also Congregational, which has been removed from East Windsor to Hartford, and the Berkeley Divinity School, (Episcopal) at Middletown. (See table of professional schools). The Episcopal Academy at Cheshire, and the Connecticut Literary Institute, Suffield, are prosperous institutions, supported in part by denominational aid.

There are about 25 incorporated academies in successful operation. Seven of the cities and many of the larger villages support public High Schools. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor, ex-officio, and one person appointed by the legislature for four years from each of the four Congressional districts, constitute the State Board of Education, which has the general oversight and control of the educational interests of the State. This Board appoints its own Secretary, who, under its direction, exercises a general supervision over the common schools; collects information from school visitors, and submits an annual report to the General Assembly.

There are in the State 8 cities and 163 towns, which are divided for school purposes into 1,620 districts. The districts elect by ballot their own committees, clerk, treasurer, and collector.

Every common school, to be entitled to the distribution from school funds, must be kept at least six months in each year by a certificated teacher. The Common Schools were made free by act of the General Assembly, 1868.

The State Normal School at New Britain, was established by the General Assembly in 1849, and opened in May, 1850. It was under the charge of a Board of eight Trustees, one from each county, until July, 1865, when it was transferred to the supervision of the State Board of Education. During the fifteen years it was under the care of a Board of Trustees, there were 2,248 received, nearly all of whom have taught in common schools since leaving the Normal School. In the summer of 1865, there were 86 in the Normal department, and more than 300 in the Model department. It was continued under the charge of the Board of Education until 1867, when, on account of the withdrawal of the appropriation by the legislature, it was suspended.

Teachers' Institutes are held in the different counties, under the direction of the Secretary of the Board of Education, and a sum not exceeding $3,000 per annum may be drawn from the State Treasury to defray expenses,

School Statistics. The whole number of children in the state January 1, 1868, between the ages of 4 and 16, was 123,650; average number in each district, 78; number of common schools, 1,645; number of departments in public schools, 2,066; average length of winter schools in weeks, 16.9; average length of summer schools in weeks, 16; number of scholars registered in winter, 80,148; in summer, 73,865; per centage of those enumerated registered in winter, 66; average attendance in winter, 57,117; in summer, 52,299; per centage of attendance in winter as compared with number registered in winter, 71.3; compared with number enumerated, 47.2; number of scholars over 16 years of age in public schools, 2,181; number of male teachers in winter, 617; in summer, 139; number of female teachers in winter, 1,560; in summer, 2,023; number of teachers of the same school two or more successive terms, 1,218; number who have never taught before, 637; number reported as graduates of a Normal School, 123; average wages per month of male teachers including board, $52.05; increase over previous year, $6.84; average wages per month of female teachers including board, $24.91; increase over previous year, $1.77 number of new school houses erected in the year, 43; number of school houses reported "good," 978; number reported "fair," 368; number reported "bad," 291.

Amount of State School Fund, $2,044,035.47; Town Deposit Fund, $763,661.83; Revenue of State School Fund, distributed February 28, 1868, $136,015.00; Revenue of Town Deposit Fund, $44,979.34; Town Tax for Common Schools, $149,681.00; District Tax, $466,931.90; Tuition, $89,260.00; Raised from other sources, $99,981.66; Aggregate amount from all sources, $983,806.32; Amount expended-Teachers' wages, $557,193.22; Fuel and incidentals, $64,606.19; New buildings, $196,453.28; Repairs, $49,471.84; Libraries and school apparatus, $2,802.93; Other objects, $92,200.75; Total amount expended for schools, $962,728.21,

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

The American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, is the oldest institution of the kind in the country. It was incorporated in 1816, and opened on the 15th of April, 1817, with 7 pupils. This number was increased during the year to 41, representing ten different states. The institution in 1819, received an endowment from the National Congress of 23,000 acres of land. Liberal terms were made for receiving pupils from other states, and the Legislatures of several states made appropriations to support their indigent deaf mutes at this asylum.

In the earlier periods of instruction much use was made of the system of methodical signs so carefully elaborated by Dr. l'Epee and Sicard, in which each word had a definite and fixed sign, and could be given in the proper order in the sentence. These signs were greatly simplified and improved by Mr. Gallaudet and his early associates. His successors continued to introduce such modifications and improvements as the experience of intelligent teachers suggested. The methods now pursued have the same general end in view as at first, that is to enable the pupils to hold communication with society by means of written language, but they secure this result earlier and more satisfactorily by leading the pupil sooner to use forms of connected language. Special attention has been given from the first to the religious and moral culture of the pupils.

The Retreat for the Insane was incorporated in 1822 when it received a grant of $5,000 from the state, and about $18,000 from donations of private individuals. Additional grants, amounting in all to $19,000, have been made by the state towards the erection of buildings, and in 1842, $2,000 per annum was also appropriated to pay for the board of indigent patients. The Legislature in 1866, incorporated the General Hospital for the Insane, which is pleasantly located at Middletown on the banks of the Connecticut river. It is under the supervision of a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Governor ex-officio, and one person from each county in the state. An appropriation of $35,000 in 1866, $150,000 in 1867, and $200,000 in 1868, was made for land and buildings, and a site was donated by Middletown. The buildings which were commenced in 1866, are of Portland free stone, and to be 768 feet in length, with accommodations for at least 450 patients.

The committee of inquiry appointed in 1865, by the Legislature, reported in 1866, 706 insane persons in the state, of whom 202 were in the retreat at Hartford. A portion of these have been received into the General Hospital. The State Reform School at West Meriden was opened in 1854. It receives boys from 10 to 16 years of age who have been convicted of offenses known to the laws of the State, and punishable by imprisonment other than such as may be punishable by imprisonment for life. Parents and guardians may indenture boys to the school by paying their expenses while there at the rate of $3 per week. The boys are instructed in the schoolroom four hours daily, and many of them have made very creditable proficiency in study. They are also employed in the work shops and on the farm; the available resources from their labor were greater in 1867-68 than ever before,

The School for Imbeciles is pleasantly located at Lakeville, in the town of Salisbury. It has convenient buildings and receives both state and private pupils. The state has made an annual appropriation of $3,000 for the indigent pupils from Connecticut.

There are three Soldiers' Orphan Homes for the education of children of deceased soldiers located at Darien, Cromwell, and Mansfield under the charge of voluntary societies, but aided by appropriations from the state.

A grant of $3,000 annually, is made for the education of the indigent blind at the Perkins Institution for the Blind, Boston.

Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, Hartford. COLLINS STONE, Superintendent. The whole number in attendance during the past year was 266, of which.155 were males, and 111 females. There were supported by friends, 21; by the state of Connecticut, 50; of Maine, 43; of Massachusetts, 112; of New Hampshire, 14; of New Jersey, 3; of Rhode Island, 10; of Vermont, 13; whole number of pupils received into the institution since its organization, 1,741.

The expenditures for the year were, for cash paid orders in favor of Steward, $28,500; for salaries, $20,036.42; for insurance, $363; for library, $100; for sundry expenses, $1,889.37; reinvestments, fund account, $53,000; balance to new account, $678.00; total expenditure, $104,566.86. The receipts for the year have been, by balance on hand, $80.27; by income from fund, $17,742.17; by rent of dwellings, $475.00; by paying pupils, $3,236.84; by receipts from the six New England States for support of beneficiaries, $36,187.50; by receipts from fund account, $46,500; advanced to A. Blodgett estate, repaid. $345.08: total receipts, $104,566.86.

Retreat for the Insane, Hartford. JOHN S. BUTLER, M. D., Superintendent. The whole number of patients at the beginning of the year was, 117 males, 123 females, total, 240: admitted during the year, 72 males, and 101 females, making in all, 413. Of this number there were discharged as recovered, 72; much improved, 36; improved, 28; not improved, 14; died, 17; total discharged through the year, 167; remaining in the Retreat April 1, 1868, 123 males, 123 females; total, 246; whole number admitted from 1824 to 1868, 4,898; whole number discharged during that time, 4,652. The present superintendent and physician, John S. Butler, M. D., has had charge of the institution since 1843, and there have been admitted under his administration, 3,651. The average cost of maintaining each patient for the last year was $5.16 per week.

Supposed cause of insanity of the patients admitted since the opening of the Retreat,-ill health of various kinds, 936; intense mental and bodily exertion, 376; intemperance, 309; grief, loss of friends, &c., 241; religious excitement, 237; masturbation, 188; domestic unhappiness, 182; puerperal state, 166; perplexities in business, 121; disappointed affection, 114; epilepsy, 82; paramenia, 48; injuries of the head, 45; turn of life, 41; exposure of various kinds, 34; paralysis, 36; fever, 31; fright, 23; spiritual manifestations, 23; use of tobacco, 22; repelled cutaneous disease, 20; disease of brain, 18; millerism, 16; disappointed ambition, 17; bodily injuries, 15; war excitement, 14; use of opium, 17; erroneous education, 13; miscellaneous or unknown, 1,513.

Occupations of males,-farmers, 475; day laborers, 140; merchants, 133; clerks, 73; students, 46; mechanics, 41; carpenters, 38; school boys, 38; shoemakers, 36; lawyers, 33; physicians, 81; teachers, 28; seamen, 26; bookkeepers, 22; painters, 20; blacksmiths, 18; machinists, 18; clergymen, 15; cabinet-makers, 12; speculators, 12; tailors, 12; weavers, 11; soldiers, 11; iron founders, 10: miscellaneous or unknown, 358. Occupation of females,-domestic pursuits, 1,419; domestics, 131; teachers. 94; seamstresses, 68; factory girls, 48; school girls, 40; tailoresses, 22; milliners, 18; miscellaneous or unknown, 238.

The age at time of admission from March 31, 1844, to March 31, 1867,-under 15 years of age, 20; from 15 to 20, 218; from 20 to 25, 477; 25 to 30, 443; 30 to 35, 431; 35 to 40, 406; 40 to 45, 364; 45 to 50, 273; 50 to 60. 412; 60 to 70, 231; 70 to 80, 83; over 80, 13; unknown, 27; total, 3,398. Civil condition of those admitted for same time,-single, 1,720; married, 1,583; widowed, 337; total, 3,648.

State Reform School, West Meriden. E. W. HATCH, M. D., Superintendent and Physician. This institution had received up to April 1, 1868, 1,270 pupils. The number in the institution at the commencement of last year were, 264; number received during the year, 145; number discharged, 143; remaining in the school, April 1, 1868, 266. Of these, 145 can read in books generally; 100 can read easy lessons; 21 can scarcely read at all; 110 study geography and written arithmetic; 190 mental arithmetic; 12 history; 117 can write letters. The whole expendi

tures of the institution last year were,-for salaries, $9,945.25; for repairs and improvements, 3,845.18; for land, $4,000.00; other expenditures, $43,507.03; total expenditures, $65,297.46. Receipts, from State Treasury, $31,317.28; from farm, $1,268.96; from chair shop, $31,102.61; from boarders, $546.00; from stable, $300; from incidentals, $784.38.

Hartford Hospital, President, JAMES B. HOSMER; Secretary, F. A. BROWN. The receipts the past year were, from the state appropriation, $2,063.09; from the state, for soldiers, $2,465.65; board of patients, $2,423.56; articles sold, $55: donations, $806.25: from funds, $4,009.62; total receipts, $11,823.17. The expenditures were $12,894.68; the average cost of each patient was $6.12 per week. There were 45 patients in the hospital at the beginning of the year; 221 admitted during the year, and 211 discharged, leaving 55 in the hospital March 1, 1867. Of those discharged, there were recovered, 176; improved, 6; removed, 5; and 24 died during the year. Connecticut School for Imbeciles, Lakeville. H. M. KNIGHT, M. D., Superintendent. Number of pupils September 1, 1868, 40. Source of income, mostly from pay of private pupils; appropriation from state, $3,000. Annual expense to each pupil, $250 to $300.

STATE PRISON AND JAILS.

In the State Prison the effect of the act of the legislature allowing the warden to deduct a certain percentage of time from the sentence of convicts for good behavior has been salutary. The concerts given during the year under the charge of C. W. Huntington, of Hartford, and the kindness of H. C. Dorsey, of Pawtucket, in donating $1,666 to furnish an annual dinner are mentioned by the directors as having an important influence on the prisoners in promoting reformation. The management of the prison is considered quite successful.

State Prison, Wethersfield. WILLIAM WILLARD, Warden. The whole number of prisoners in confinement March 31, 1867, was 207; number received during the year, 81; number discharged or removed, 97; number remaining March 31, 1868, 191. Of these, the number committed for the first offence was, 174; for the second, 13; for the third, 2; for the fourth, 2. There were-males, 182; females, 9. As to nativities-131 were Americans; 60, foreigners. There were under 20 years of age, 11; from 20 to 30,111; from 30 to 40, 39; from 40 to 50, 17; over 50, 13. There were sentenced for one year and under, 4; from 1 to 5 years, 119; from 5 to 10 years, 89; 10 to 20 years, 10; for 24 years, 1; for life, 17. The expenditures for the prison were, for expense account, $8,916.29; provisions, $11,220.13; clothing and bedding, $1,645.62; hospital, $772.45; female department, $324.60; transportation of convicts, $208.09; repairs and improvements, $372.81; total expenditures, $23,460.05. Income,-from shoe shops, $10,295.30; from burnishing shops, $6,824.15; from rule shop, $5,789.46; from profit and loss, $650.25; from board of United States convicts, $1,495.07; interest, $112.15; total receipts, $25,166.38.

County Jails. The number of prisoners in the county jails in the state is as follows: New Haven, 69; Hartford, 63; New London, 33; Fairfield, 26; Windham, 12; Litchfield, 12; Middlesex, 5; Tolland, 8; total, 228. The total number of white men who have been in jail is 1,249; of white women, 266; of black men, 148; of black women, 40; total, 1,703. Of minors, 239; of natives of this state, 546; of natives of other states, 352; of foreigners, 795. Of those committed during the year, 560 were from New Haven county; 474 from Hartford; 241 from New London; 108 from Fairfield; 34 from Windham; 53 from Litchfield; 51 from Middlesex; and 27 from Tolland; total, 1,548.

POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.

Population according to each census since 1790.

The increase in population from 1790 to 1840 was quite gradual, the average for each decade being less than 5% per cent. With the exception of a limited commerce, the occupation of the people was principally agricultural. The first railroad went into operation in 1838, and in five years, cars were running on five roads wholly or partially within the state. Manufac