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FINANCES.

RECEIPTS FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1867.

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EXPENDITURES FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1867.

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On the 15th day of July, 1867, there was further issue of Soldiers' Bounty Bonds..

.....15,000.00

Making the total funded debt on the first day of November, 1867..

.$5,126,500.00

Estimated Receipts for 1869...

.$2,394,440.00

Estimated Expenditures for 1869.

.2,246,630.00

Total assessed value of property in the state for 1866. $197.789.107, as follows: real estate, $93,379,787; improvements, $15,306,817; personal property, $88,239,582.

EDUCATION.

The State has made great advances in the cause of public education since its admission to the Union, and has now a school system which in some respects is unsurpassed in any of the Eastern States. The year 1867 marks the change from "rate bill" schools to the free school system.

There is a State Board of Education which consists of the Governor, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Principal of the State Normal School, the Superintendents of Schools in San Francisco, and in Sacramento, Santa Clara and San Joaquin counties, and two professional teachers holding state diplomas. The Board has power to adopt courses of study, rules and regulations for all public schools in the state, but such rules must not be in conflict with the special rules adopted by the Board of Education of any city or county.

The Superintendent of Public Instruction who is elected by the people for four years, has the general supervision of Public Schools and he is ex-officio one of the Trustees of the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, and of the State Reform School. A County Superintendent of Common Schools is elected in each county for two years, who is required to visit each school in his county at least once a year, to distribute forms, reports and circulars, and make an annual report to the State Superintendent. Each county, city or incorporated town constitutes a school district unless districts are otherwise established by the Board of Supervisors. Each district elects a board of Trustees which has power to employ and dismiss teachers and make general arrangements and regulations for the public schools of their respective districts.

The State Board of Examination consisting of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and four professional teachers, has power to grant Teachers Life Diplomas valid for life; State Diplomas valid for six years, and State Certificates-first grade, for four years, second grade for two years, and third grade for one year. All regularly issued State Normal School Diplomas of any State Normal School in the United States, and all Life Diplomas granted by the State Board of Examination in any of the United States are recognized as prima facie evidence of fitness for the profession of teaching.

There is a County Board of Examiners in each county, composed of the County Superintendent and a number of teachers not exceeding three, who can grant three grades of certificates valid in the county for one, two and three years respectively. Every city having a City Board of Education, governed by special laws, must have a Board of Examiners, consisting of the City Superintendent and three public school teachers. This Board has power to grant certificates of the same grade as the State Board, but valid only in the city in which they are granted.

The requirements for State Diplomas, and first and second grade certificates are a knowledge of algebra, arithmetic, English grammar, composition, geography, history of the United States, physiology, natural philosophy, orthography, defining, penmanship, constitution and government of the United States, reading, elocution, and theory and practice of teaching, and good moral character. The requirements for the second grade are the foregoing studies, except natural philosophy and algebra. Life Diplomas may be granted by the State Board of Education to such persons only as shall have taught one year successfully, or have held for the same time the office of State, City or County Superintendent.

The State Normal School is under the charge of a Board of Trustees, composed of the members of the Board of Education. More than nine-tenths of the pupils since its organization in 1862, have been young ladies. The course of study is limited to the elementary branches. A successful Training Department in which the Normal pupils pass a part of their time in observation and practice, is connected with the Normal School.

The city of San Francisco has maintained a system of free public schools since the organization of the city government. These schools have been liberally supported and efficiently organized. The growth of the schools has kept pace with the growth of the city. In 1850, there were two teachers and 150 pupils in attendance, and in 1867, 253 teachers and 13,385 pupils.

STATISTICS OF SCHOOLS FOR 1867.

Number of children between 5 and 15 years of age-whites, 92,409; negroes, 709; Indian children under guardianship of white persons, 1,231. Whole number of census children between 5 and 15 years of age, 94,349; increase in one year, 9,197; number between 5 and 15 years of age who have attended public schools during the school year, 54,726; number of same age who have attended private schools, 14,026; number who have not attended any school during the school year, 21,411. Number of Mongolian children under 15 years of age, 412; number attending school, 218.

Number of pupils enrolled-boys, 31,943; girls, 29,284. Total, 61,227. Average number belong. ing to public schools, 45,673; average daily attendance, 43,271. Average length of schools, 7.2 months. Number of male teachers employed, 616; female teachers, 773; total, 1,389. Number of certificates issued by County Board to male teachers, 362; to female teachers, 491; total, 853. Number of certificates renewed, 298; number of State Diplomas issued, 148.

Number of School Districts, 864; school houses built of brick, 58; of wood, 821; number of new school houses erected, 106. Number of schools-1st Grade, 168; 2d Grade, 426; 3d Grade, 471; High Schools, 6.

Amount of School Fund received-from State, $268,910.84; from county taxes, $302,945.36; from city tax, $292,773; from district tax, $58,954.74; from rate bills and subscriptions, $81,996.31; miscellaneous sources, $210,857.81; cash on hand at beginning of year, $71,279.92; total receipts, $1,287,687.98. Expenditures-for teachers salaries, $696,110.28; for sites, buildings, and repairs, $238,010.64; for rent, fuel, and contingent expenses, $213,610.96; for school libraries, $10,125.10; for apparatus, $5,431.83; miscellaneous, $5,294; total expenditures, $1,168,583.41; increase over 1866, $310,096. Average monthly wages paid male teachers, $77; female teachers, $64. Average annual salary of male teachers exclusive of board, $554; of female teachers, $460. The number of teachers in 1867 holding State Life Diplomas, was 46; holding State Educational diplomas, 94; first grade certificates, 157; second grade certificates, 102; third grade certificates, 33.

Average cost of tuition for each child enrolled on public school registers, $11.20; total expenditure for each child enrolled, $18.85. Total valuation of school property, $1,346,335.72; of school libraries, $21,366.56; of school apparatus, $21,718. The average daily attendance in 1857, was 9,717; in 1867, 43,271; an increase in ten years of 33,554 or 345 per cent.

San Francisco. There were in the city in 1867, 20,253 children between 5 and 15 years of age, of whom 1,761 were between 5 and 6 years of age and not allowed to attend the public schools. 13,000 of those between 6 and 15 were enrolled, the average number belonging to the schools being 10,856. There were 4,165 in private schools, and 1,277 not attending any school. The city has 3 High Schools, 8 Grammar schools, and 24 Primary schools. There are 10 High School classes averaging 25 pupils each, 58 Grammar School classes, averaging 55 pupils each, and 152 Primary school classes, averaging 60 pupils each. The average cost of each scholar per year in the High School, is $82.49, in the Grammar and Primary Schools, $17.17. Fifty of the teachers are graduates of the California State Normal School, several others are from Normal Schools in the Eastern States. The amount paid for tuition during the year was $209,736.92, an increase of $26,201.84 over 1866. Some of the school-houses are among the finest in the country.

Sacramento. The first public school in this city was opened in February, 1854; in July of the same year, there were 261 pupils in the public schools, and 250 in private schools; the number of children in the city between the ages of 4 and 18 was 1,218. In 1867, there were of

children under 15 years of age-white, 8,782; colored, 102: Indian, 14; Chinese, 45; total, 3,943. The average number of pupils attending the public schools in 1867, was 1,700; average attendance about 1,300. There are 15 schools in the city, viz: 1 High School, under the charge of a Principal and assistant; 1 Grammar School, under a Principal and four assistants; 4 Intermediate Schools, under a Principal and assistant each; 7 Primaries having a Principal and assistant each; 1 Colored School, with a Principal and assistant; and an Ungraded School, with a Principal only. The Colored School is not graded. The Board of Education now employs 32 teachers and assistants. The cost per pupil in 1866 (a fair average) was $10.95 per annum in the Primary Schools, $16.40 in the Intermediate, $29.60 in the Grammar, $36.83 in the Ungraded, $27.52 in the Colored, and $61.10 in the High Schools.

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

The Insane Asylum was opened for the reception of patients in 1851, when 13 were admitted. In 1852, by an act of the Legislature all of the insane of the state were removed to this institution. Out of the 124 admitted that year, only 3 were natives of California. Since that time, the number of insane has steadily and rapidly increased far beyond the usual proportion to the population.

Important changes and great improvements have been made in the institution under Dr. Shurtleff, the present superintendent, but it is much crowded and the Medical Visitors recommend the removal of all "foreign patients, as well as epileptics, idiots and imbeciles," that the legitimate indigent insane persons, residents of the state may be properly treated.

The Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, has been reorganized under the act of the Legislature, approved March 31, 1866.

A new and convenient building, 194 by 148 feet, has been erected, upon a tract of 130 acres, near Oakland, in Alameda County. It provides for a separation of the deaf and dumb, from the blind, and also for the complete separation of the two sexes. No charge is made to pupils from California, those from other states pay $300 per annum.

The State Reform School at Marysville was reported in successful operation at the close of the year 1867.

The Legislature at a previous session, passed a bill abolishing the school, and providing for the transfer of its inmates to the Industrial School of San Francisco but it was not approved by the governor.

Insane Asylum of California, Stockton. G. A. SHURTLEFF, M. D., Superintendent. Number of patients in asylum October 1, 1866-males, 506; females, 187; total, 693. Admitted during the year-males, 226; females, 87; total, 313. Whole number under treatment during the year-males, 732; females, 274; total, 1,006. Number of patients discharged during the yearmales, 107; females, 32; total, 139; recovered, 125; improved, 14. Number died during the year-males, 66; females, 23; total, 89. Eloped, 9. Remaining October 1, 1867, 769. Supposed cause of insanity of those admitted during the year-intemperance, 19; injury to the head, 9; menstrual derangement, 6; sickness, 11; domestic trouble, 12; masturbation, 34; religion, 12; child-birth, 5; pecuniary losses, 18; hereditary, 8; love, 6; epilepsy, 8; spiritualism, 4; miscellaneous and unknown, 167; total, 313. There were-unmarried, 172; married, 114; widowed, 10; unknown, 17; total, 313. Occupation of those admitted-miners, 39; laborers, 54; farmers, 15; housewives, 56; servants, 11; clerks, 4; merchants, 5; carpenters, 8; soldiers, 6; sailors 13; shoe makers, 6; barbers, 3; bar-keepers, 3; stewards, 4; tailors, 5; cooks, 3; unknown, miscellaneous or of no occupation, 78; total, 313. Age of those admitted-less than 15 years of age, 1; 15 to 20, 8; 20 to 30, 91; 30 to 40, 105; 40 to 50, 44; 50 to 60, 9; 60 to 70, 3; unknown, 52; total, 313.

California Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and the Blind, San Francisco. WARREN WILKINSON, M. A., Principal. Number of deaf and dumb in the institution, October 1, 1866, 36; admitted during the year, 20; total number under instruction, 56; number who have left during the year, 8; remaining October 1, 1867, 48. Number of blind in the institution October 1, 1866, 19; admitted during the year, 12; whole number under instruction during the year, 31; number who have left during the year, 9. Remaining October 1, 1867, 22. Total number in both departments, 70.

PRISONS.

We have been unable to obtain reliable statistics from the county jails. The State Prison was opened in 1851, when the number of commitments was 35. This number was increased with varying regularity until 1855, when it amounted to 266. There was then a decrease in the number received for four successive years, when in 1859, it amounted to 220. In 1860, it rose to 295, but on the breaking out of the war it was again diminished, until in 1863 there were but 163 admitted; from that time the number has increased in each successive year, and in 1867 was 287. Though the capacity of the State Prison has been increased by the erection of two additional prison buildings containing 392 cells, the increase of prisoners has kept pace with the increase of cells.

The Directors urge strongly that some provision be made for the separation of young convicts from those hardened in crime. The demand for prison labor has much increased during the last two years, but the shop room and facilities for the employment of the prisoners are inadequate. Notwithstanding the large increase in numbers, the health of the prisoners has been exceedingly good; the average amount of sickness, and percentage of deaths being less than in the prisons in the Eastern States and in Europe.

State Prison, San Quentin. CON MURPHY, Turnkey. Whole number of prisoners, Nov. 1, 1866, 694; number received 'during the year, 287; number discharged, 289. Whole number Nov., 1867, 692; of whom 66 were less than 20 years of age; 155 from 20 to 25; 156 from 25 to 30; 149 from 30 to 35; 76 from 35 to 40; 71 from 40 to 50; and 19, 50 years and upwards.

Fifty-one were sentenced 1 year; 100, 2 years; 182, 3 years; 56, 4 years; 93, 5 years; 55, from 5 to 7 years; 109, from 7 to 10 years; 54, from 10 to 15 years; 2, from 15 to 20 years; 18, 20 years and upwards; and 22 for life.

The crimes for which the prisoners were sentenced were-murder, 12; murder, second degree, 77; manslaughter, 50; assault to murder, 16; assault with deadly weapon, 13; rape, 9; assault to rape, 12; robbery, 65; assault to rob, 7; burglary, 114; arson, 5; arson, second degree, 5; forgery, 9; perjury, 3; breaking jail, 3; felony, 14; grand larceny, 252; housebreaking, 13; incest, 3; miscellaneous, 10. Total, 692.

Five hundred and sixty-four were serving their 1st term; 89, their second term; 24 their third term; 13, their fourth term; 1 the fifth term; and 1 the sixth term.

Number that could read, 483; read and write, 436; that could do neither, 209. Number of native Californians, 74; natives of other parts of the United States, 243; foreign birth, 375. Per cent, who could not read,-native Californians, 75; natives of the United States, 12; foreign born, 33.

Total expenditures of prison for two years, $227,686.12; earnings, $79,628.79; deficiency, $168,057.33. Of the expenditures, $84,638.64 was for redemption of scrip; $124,124.50 for commissary supplies, $5,673, for salaries; the remainder, miscellaneous.

POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.

The population rapidly increased after the opening of the gold mines in 1848. Since the discovery of mineral treasure in the states and territories

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