that an old gentleman, related by marriage to one of the owners, had amused himself by picking up all the painted glass which fell in his way, and inserting it into the windows; and particularly that he had procured some specimens from an old house of the Asheton family in Lancashire Now as Sir Richard Asheton, of Middleton, was one of the principal commanders at the siege of Latham, which was demolished to the ground as soon as it surrendered, I suspect that these relics of the Stanley's were part of the spoil, and that the inscription OUR LADY THE KINGES MOTHER had been attached to the arms of Lady Margaret of Richmond, mother of Henry 7th, whose last husband, Thomas, the first Earl of Derby, built that magnificent house. Bowling, like almost every considerable house in ancient times, had a park; but after the Tempests became possessed of this manor, they indulged their propensity for the chase by impaling a large tract of wild and waste ground for red deer; which, though long since disparked, retains the name of Denholme Park. Under that denomination it appears in Saxton's Map, A. D., 1577, so that it must have been enclosed at no long period after it came into the possession of the family by the dissolution of monasteries; for Denholme was abbey land, granted at a very early period by Will. de Scoch de Calverly to the abbot and convent of Byland. These wide wastes appear, from the survey of 1577, to have been granted to Sir Richard Tempest and Sir Robert Savile, the first of Howley, but fell into the hands of the Tempests not long after. The park was probably parcelled out on the ruin of the affairs of the last Tempests, in the Civil Wars of the reign of Charles 1st. Not far distant from Bolling is Bierley, a place distinguished for the intelligence and curiosity of its owners. Dr. Richard Richardson (for where there is so much mind and character, I leave to the genealogists their own perpendicular and horizontal lines) was born at Bierley Hall, and educated in University College, Oxford, where he took the degree of M.D.; but inheriting a good estate, he made no other use of his medical skill than the gratuitous exercise of it; and settling early at his paternal house, devoted a long life to science and elegant literature. In one of Speed's maps published in 1610, now in my possession, the wall of this park is distinctly marked. Part of the wall yet remains on the south west side. He was a botanist, an antiquary, and a classical scholar. These accomplishments procured him the friendship of all the distinguished literary characters of his time. Of his ingenious and curious pursuits there are some memorials yet remaining at Bierley, which deserve to be mentioned as illustrating the progress of knowledge John Blackburn, Esq, of Oxford. near Liverpool, built the first hot-house in the north of England; and the same workmen. as soon as it was finished, proceeded to Bierley, where they constructed the second This, in my memory, was entire, and was principally remarkable for being glazed like the windows of a cottage, with leaded squares. It was divided longitudinally, and as there was no flue but in the back wall, the pines and tender plants were placed nearest to that. A century ago Thoresby preserved the leaf of an anana in his museum, as an exotic curiosity. Another monument of Dr. Richardson yet surviving and, if left to itself, likely to survive for centuries, is one of the first cedars of Libanus ever planted in England. It was sent when a seedling by Sir Hans Sloan to Dr. Richardson, who kept it in a garden pot, and placed it carefully in the greenhouse during several successive winters; but observing how much healthy it grew in the open air, he planted it out in a corner of the flower garden, and it is now (1816) twelve feet four inches in circumference at a considerable distance above the ground. There are two others in a thriving state, but of inferior size, having for some time, in the earlier part of their lives, been condemned to the discipline of the shears. Dr. Richardson also left a very valuable library, out of which his granddaughter, Miss Currer, who inherits the literary propensities as well as the property of the family, has selected the best articles and greatly augmented them at Eshton. more Richard Richardson, Esq., also doctor of physic of the University of Leyden, trod in his father's footsteps, planted much, and laid out the grounds, where, with great labour and expense, he constructed a Druidical circle, in which the massy bulk and rude irregularity of the stones is such, that if posterity were not informed of their real history, the fallacy might be unperceived. This extensive parish having had no Roman station, nor any monastic foundation within its limits, affords no other object of curiosity (6) * Now dead; See Notice of. This place like most others in the manufacturing districts, having addicted itself to the course of rebellion in the contest between the king and parliament, suffered severely from the vengeance of the royalists. A nairative of these transactions, drawn up by one Lister, a spectator, is extant; from which I shall extract the most important circumstances; something is also added from Fairfax's Memoirs The inhabitants of Bradford having thought proper to convert their town into a garrison for the parliament, in the month of December, 1642, a large party of Royalists from Leeds encamped on that part of the common called Undercliff, and prepared to storm the town, which they did with great vigour, but were driven off. On the 18th of that month however, they received another visit from Leeds, where the Earl of Newcastle then was. This body was commanded by Goring, Sir William Savile, etc. Their first object appears to have been the church, which was really the fortress of the town, and more especially the steeple, which the townsmen had hung round with woolsacks. On this quarter the Royalists made a furious assault, during which Goring himself was once in the enemy's hands, but resued by a charge of his own troops. During this attack, a young man of family, meaning to surprise the church, turned out of the road to the left, and attempted to force his way through a house; but being abandoned by his men, was compelled to ask quarter, which was barbarously refused, and himself slain on the spot. This, as might have been foreseen, was afterwards remembered. Again the Royalists were beaten off, and returned to Leeds; soon atter which Fairfax, who began to perceive the value of such determined men, took possession of the town in person. Newcastle's quarters seem now to have been at Wakefield, in the direction of which Fairfax marched out and offered him battle. This brought on the action of Adwalton Moor, in which both the Fairfaxes, father and son, were totally routed. The old lord fled to Bradford; Sir Thomas took the road to Halifax, but finding the way open, returned on the day following with his division to Bradford, where Newcastle prepared to besiege them in form. Bradford, surrounded by high grounds, is a most untenable place against a regular siege with cannon, which Newcastle, whose head quarters were at Bowling Hall, now brought to bear on the town, church, and steeple, the last of which was once more pro tected by woolsacks. Fairfax now saw his danger, and determined to make his escape by a sally; this he effected with considerable loss, and fought his way to Leeds, whence he retreated to Hull. In this sally, near the summit of the hill, on the way from Bradford to Leeds, Lady Fairfax, who had bravely accompanied her husband through the campaign, was taken prisoner on horseback, but was generously sent back with an escort by Newcastle in his own coach. Newcastle, it is said, exasperated by the slaughter of the young cavalier, and by the obstinate disloyalty of the people, had given orders to enter the town, now defenceless, and to give no quarter. Whether, however, this opinion sprung from the imagination and the terrors of the inhabitants, who must have been conscious of their own deserts, or whether the order were really given, it was certainly not put in execution. The following is Lister's account of the reason for a forbearance little expected; that in the preceeding night, Newcastle, while in bed at Bowling-hall, was accosted by an apparition of a female form, which implored him to spare the town, and either affrighted or melted him into compliance. If there were any foundation for the story, either a strong impression may have been made upon his mind by a dream, or a real female, adventurous and patriotic, may have assumed the voice and disguise of a ghost, in order to work the more powerfully on the feelings of an exasperated conqueror. At all events, the lives of all the unarmed inhabitants were spared, and the place became a garrison for the king.(7) NOTES. (1) The Rev. Thomas Dunham Whitaker, L.L.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., an exemplary divine and able topographer, was born June 8th, 1759, in the parsonage-house of Rainham, Norfolk. His early education he received under the care of the Rev. John Shaw (1776), of Rochdale, and the Rev. William Sheepshanks, at Grassington. In November, 1774, he was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge. In 1780, he took the degree of L.L.B.; but in June, 1782, his father having died suddenly, he retired to his paternal estate, which he continued to improve for more than thirty years. In 1785 he was ordained deacon, and in the following year he received the order of priesthood. In 1801 he completed the degree of L.L.D., and in 1809 he was presented by the of Archbishop of Canterbury to the Vicarage of Whalley. In 1818 he was presented with the valuable living of Blackburn. He married Lucy, the daughter of Thomas Thoresby, of Leeds, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. He died at the Vicarage, Blackburn, December 18th, 1821, in the sixty-third year of his age, and was buried at Holme on the 24th, in the chapel which he had himself re-built, in the year 1788. For further particulars, see Knight's Biographical Cyclopædia; Nichol's Literary Illustrations, volume 4, page 871; and the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1823, p. 211. The following is a list of his principal published works:-A Sermon for the benefit of the Leeds General Infirmary, 1796, 8vo. A History of the Original Parish of Whalley and Manor of Clitheroe, in the Counties of Lancaster and York, with plates and maps, 1801, 4to.; a third edition, 1818. History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven, in the County of York; London, 1805, folio; 1812, Royal 4to. The Life and Original Correspondence of Sir George Ratcliffe, Knight, 1810, 4to. The Sermons of Dr. Edward Sandy's, formerly Archbishop of York; with a life of the Author, 1812, 4to. The Vision of William, concerning "Piers Ploughman," etc., 1813, London, 4to. A New Edition of Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis;" or, the "Topography of Leeds," 1816, folio. "Loidis and Elmete;" or, An Attempt to Illustrate the Districts described in those words by Bede, and supposed to embrace the lower portions of Airedale and Wharfedale, together with the entire vale of Calder, folio, 1816. The History of Yorkshire, folio, 1821.--See Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. (2) DOMESDAY BOOK.--This celebrated SurSurvey, made by order of King William the Conqueror, and which was formed in 1086, is well known. It was completed by certain commissioners called the King's Justiciaries, who upon the oaths of the Sheriffs, the Lords of each Manor, the Presbyters of every Church, the Keeves of every Hundred, the Bailiffs, and six Villanes, were to enquire into the name of the person who held such manor, etc., in the time of King Edward the Confessor, who was the present possessor, how many hides of land were in the manor, how many carucates in demesne, how many homa gees, how many villanes, how many cottarii, how many servi, what free men, how many tenants in soccage, what quantity of wood, how much meadow and pasture, what mills and fishponds, how much added or taken away, what the gross value in King Edward's time, what the present value, and how much each freeman or socman had or has. All this was to be triply estimated, first, as the estate was held in the time of the Confessor, then as it was bestowed by the Conqueror, and thirdly, as its value stood at the time of the Survey. The jurors were also required to state whether any advance could be made in the value. This valuable record throws considerable light upon the extent of the ancient Saxon parishes, as, in many instances, the returns notice the fact of there being a church; but there is reason to suppose that churches unendowed with any glebe lands are frequently unnoticed, and tithes are seldom named. The late Rev. W. Bawden rendered an important service to antiquarian literature, by translating that part of Domesday Book which relates to Yorkshire, a service which can only be appreciated by those who have undergone the labour of perusing the barbarous Latin and uncouth abbreviations of the original record. A most valuable dissertation upon Domesday Book, has been published by Sir Henry Ellis, accompanied by indices of the tenantsin-chief and under-tenants, as well as the holders of lands mentioned in the record anterior to the formation of the Survey. Sir Henry Ellis remarks, that Domesday Book is a mine of information which has not yet been sufficiently wrought. Illustrations of the most important and certain kind upon our ancient institutions, services, and tenures of land, are still to be drawn from it, and its metal cannot be exhausted by the perseverance of any single labourer. LAWTON'S COLLECTIO RERUM ECCLESIASTICARUM. (3) John Hopkinson, Esq., of Lofthouse, Clerk of the Peace for the West Riding, was a collector in the reign of Charles 2ud; his pedigrees of West Riding Gentry have a high reputation ever since the time of Thoresby, who made great use of them in his Ducatus. The original volume, with the continuation by Thornton, the Recorder of Leeds, were during her life, in the possession of the late Miss Currer, Hopkinson's pedigrees come down to about 1680. Thornton continued only those of the families in his own neighbourhood. A tran script of these MS.S., is in the Leeds Library. The followed protections afforded to George and John Hopkinson by the two rival generals, Fairfax and Newcastle, from the plunder and devastation of civil war, show, how little offence the family had given to either party. The name of John Hopkinson is added by Fairfax, himself an antiquary and patrons of antiquaries. The address, "To all colonels, captains, commanders," &c., naturally reminds one of Milton's poetical supplication for protection which his political conduct did not merit "Captain, or colonel, or knight in arms, Whose chance on these defenceless doors may fall," &c. PROTECTION. "Willm Marquesse of Newcastle, governor of the toune and county of Newcastle, and general of his majesty's forces raised in the northerne parts of this kingdome, and also in the several counties of Nottingham, Lincolne, Rutland, Derbye, Stafford, Leicester, Warwick, Northampton, Huntingdon, Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, and Hartford, for the defence of England. 66 Forasmuch as it is his majesties pleasure and special command that no person or persons whatsoever, their houses or goods, be plundered or spoyled, in regard there is to be an assessment rated and assessed upon the country for the maintaining of the army under my command and forasmuch as George Hopkinson, of Lofthouse, in the county of York, Gent. is now under the protection of his majestie and the said army, therefore I hereby require and command you and every of you to whom these presents are directed, that you forbeare and wholly desist from molesting, plundering, and pillaging, or any way injuring the said Geo Hopkinson, his servants, and family, in his or their houses, lands, or goods, or to demand, levy, or any sum or sums of money whatsoever upon them or any of them, saving such assesses or contributions as shall be equally assessed and rated upon them for the maintenance of and support to the said army, when said sum or sums of money are given in charge to be demanded, collected, and gathered by the present constables, and other officers especially employed therein. And of this you are not to fail as you tender his majesties service, and will answer the contrary at your utmost peril. Given under my hand and seal this 1st of October 1643 "W. NEWCASTLE. "To all colonels, captains, commanders, and other officers and soldiers whatsover "Ferdiande, Lord Fairfax, lord general of the north. To all colonels, captains, and commanders, and other officers of horse and foot, and to all soldiers in service of ye King and parliament. "These are to signifie and make known to you that the parliament has given especial order that no houses be plundered or pillaged to whomsoever they belong, and that the rather because the delinquents are to be answerable to the great damage of the commonwealth. I do therefore require you and every of you to take especial care that Geo. Hopkinson, of Lofthouse, Gent, and John Hopkinson, his son, be not plundered, pillaged, or in any way injured in any of their goods by those in the service of king and parliamt provided that the parties protected shall hereafter yield obedience unto and observe all orders, ordinances, and directions sent from the high court of parliamt to be in this country by any commissioners, sequestators, or other persons authorized in that behalf, and that this protection be no longer in use than that any new shall come against the parties protected, or that I shall give further orders therein. Given. under my hand and seal this 20 of July, 1644. (4) "FER. FAIRFAX." Ralph Thoresby, Esq., F.R.S., was an eminent antiquarian and topographer, and was born at the house of his father, John Thoresby, in Kirkgate, Leeds, August 16th, 1658. He received the first rudiments of learning in the school, formerly the chantry, near the bridge at Leeds. Thoresby died October 16th, 1725, and was interred with his ancestors in the choir of the Leeds Parish Church, where, one hundred years later, there was placed a memorial stone to his memory, bearing an appropriate inscription. An interesting memoir of this author and numismatist, may be found in the "Biographia Leodiensis, edited by the Rev. R. V. Taylor, B. A., Curate of St. Barnabas, Holbeck. See also Whitaker's Thoresby, and the British Biography, volume viii. The following is a list of the writings of Ralph Thoresby, the Antiquary:-Ducatus Leodiensis; or, Topography of Leeds, large paper, folio, 1715.-Vicaria Leodiensis; or, History of the Church of Leeds, 12mo., 1724.-Ducatus Leodiensis, edited with additions, by Dr. Whitaker, folio, Leeds, 1816. Sharp, are deposited in the archipiscopal library at Bishopsthorpe, near York. They are comprised in four folio volumes, each containing an account of the parishes within one of the four of the archdeaconries into which the Diocese of York was in his time divided, and are in the handwriting of the venerable prelate himself. i he parishes are treated in Deaneries which are subdivided according to their locality. The foundation of the work is evidently upon that of Mr. Torre, and the catalogues of the incumbents and patrons are continua. tions from his lists. Many memoranda and continuations of catalogues have, from time to time been inserted, since the volumes were originally compiled.-LAWTON'S COLLECTIO RERUM. Torre's Manuscripts, in the Cathedral Library of York, were given to the library by the executors of Archbishop Sharp. They are very valuable. Torre died 1699. 66 A Life of Archbishop Sharp, by his son, Dr. Sharp, and edited by the Rev. Thomas Newcome, has been published in two volumes, 1825, 8vo. Mr. John James has also given a very interesting sketch of Archbishop Sharp, in his History of Bradford. The sermons, or discourses of this venerable prelate are held in high estimation. Lowndes, in his "Bibliographers Manual" gives the following list. Williams, 1610, 7 vols., 1735-8, morocco, £4 14s. 6d. -1749, 8vo, 7 vols. Horne Tooke, 640, £1 1s. Bishop of Ely, 860, £1 16s.-1754, 8vo., 7 vols., Drury 3882, £1 1s. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1829, 8vo, 5 vol., £1 16s., reduced, £1 2s. 6d. The Archbishop's son, Archdeacon Thomas Sharp, was an excellent Hebrew scholar, and a most determined antagonist of Hutchinsonianism. He wrote a work entitled-"The Rubric in the Common Prayer and the Canons of the Church of England, so far as they relate to the Parochial Clergy, considered in a course of Visitation Charges, London, 1787, 8vo. New edition, to which are added three Discourses on Preaching, Oxford, 1834, 8vo. 6s.-London, J. H. Parker, 1853, 58. (6) There may have been no Roman Station in what now forms the Parish of Bradford, but it lay between two, namelyOlicana (Ilkley), and Cambodunum, or Slack, near Halifax. Roman roads to these places crossed the Parish of Bradford, and traces of them were visible within the recollection of many now living. Iron works were also carried on by the Romans at Bierley, near Bradford. The late Rev. Joshua Fawcett, of Low Moor, found at the distance of two or three fields from Bierley Hall, a large mound of refuse of iron smelting, thrown up, composed of slag, charred wood, and broken earthen crucibles. This was the Roman mode of working in iron. During the years 1865 and 1866, some excavations were carried on at Slack, the before mentioned site of Cambodunum, of which a very interesting account has been given in a London periodical, the Intellectual Observer. I take the liberty of transcribing this, believing that it will be found acceptable to the readers of these COLLECTANEA. "CAMBODUNUM." "Cambodunum (there is no clear evidence that it is the same place which Bede calls Campodunum) appears to have been a town of importance under the Romans, and in the Itinerary of Antoninus it stands as the only place of consequence on the great road between Calcaria (Tadcaster) and Mamucium (apparently a mere error for Mancunium) or Manchester. Richard of Cirencester (a writer of at least dubious authenticity), in his Itinera, or, as it is called rather affectedly, Diaphragmata, appears to have made up this iter from Antoninus, and gives Cambodunum the same position; and in the previous part of his book he informs us it was one of the towns in Britain which enjoyed the Latian law, that is, that it was a town next in rank to a colonia. Though we have a difficulty in regarding the book which bears the name of Richard of Cirencester as anything else but a modern compilation, yet the compiler may have had some old fragments to work upon, and the rank he gives to the town of Campodunum is not at all improbable. Considerable difficulty in identifying the site of this town has arisen from evident errors in the numbers of the distances on this iter, as furnished by the manuscripts. The ignorant scribes of the Middle Ages, and no doubt many of those who preceded them, when copying manuscripts like those of the itineraries, consisting chiefly of numbers expressed in Roman nu |