power that in some features most approaches to a barbaric power, we behold in absolute, undisputed possession of Northern Asia, through all degrees of latitude; one clear moiety of the vast continent being

great colonising power of Christendom, depending, most of all nations, on her civilisation, and least upon her mere numbers, we behold in absolute possession, without tyranny, of a region which may be held to constitute one fifth section of Southern Asia

responsible for all the suffering and bloodshed which succeeded. The emperor must have been unworthy of his great office if he could have surrendered his authority at the bidding of such parties, so brought together, standing on such a basis of mock represen-gathered into unity under her sceptre. The other tative character, and in the most violent schism amongst themselves. We, like all tories, are the friends of liberty, but of liberty truly such, and not as a mask for aristocratic privilege. Poland is not capable of liberty; and for all such countries it is well to have a paternal governor who will execute the laws without respect of parties. Were it otherwise, were Poland in a condition for receiving liberty, still it is not to be demanded by insurrection. Finally, this is nothing to England. Were the czar debtor to Poland or to the congress of Vienna for any obligation unfulfilled, that gives no title of complaint to England. But the folly of our conduct is | more clamorous than its injustice. At the bidding of France we charge the czar virulently and continually with imaginary purposes of wrong or aggression towards ourselves; and in the mean time France is silently pursuing those very purposes on her own account; has a real interest in devising them; and has more opportunities in a week, than the czar will ever have through his entire reign, for giving to such purposes a ruinous effect.

It is, however, but a trifling service to have destroyed an error of opinion, or shaken a prejudice, by comparison with that of drawing into light a great seasonable truth of practice. It will be little to have raised a scruple in the reader's mind on the propriety of considering Great Britain and Russia as natural enemies, if we should neglect to notice that great revolution for mankind, which at this very moment seems likely to force them into friendship. It is, by comparison, a slight thing to have negatived a foolish tendency in men's opinions which never had any facts to support it, when the dawn is already reddening in the sky of an alliance between Russia and England-not to be evaded by either-inevitablerending, like a system of wedges, the old cohesions of Asiatic tyranny with Asiatic superstition-and pregnant with far more than political consequences. Already, in the sublime language of Wordsworth,

of that part which was not already in Christian hands. We behold these two great potentates, Britain and Russia, the Colossus of civilisation, and the Colossus of physical strength, almost meeting in the centre of Asia-and from that centre destined to an expansive radiation, which, if in one sense incalculable, viz. as to the precise lines on which it may travel, is thus far subject to the clearest calculation, that it must terminate in propagating new moral agencies, a mode of civilisation peculiar to Christianity, and finally (though more slowly) Christianity itself.

But this is no more than half the case: here we have but half the premises. Looking north and south in Asia, we have seen the two frontier nations of Europe, the westernmost and easternmost, travelling with gigantic strides upon a stage of gigantic proportions. Now, look east and west, along the whole huge zone of central Asia, and at every interval of a thousand miles you see the levers of European force, moral force reposing on mighty armies, already applied to the frail structures and the false foundation of Oriental grandeur. The first Mahometan power to the westward, and interesting otherwise as the acknowledged head of Islamism, commences to the west of the Bosphorus and the Hellespont. Here is seen the shell, the crater, of a great power that in former times, for two centuries, rode up to the gates of Vienna, and kept all Christendom militant for ages. Never was there beheld such another instance of power cancered from within, its foundations undermined, props withdrawn or crumbling, but still selfdeluded by hollow pomps and mockeries of ancient forms. Turkey, as a self-supporting power, is gone; crazy, paralytic. She is kept erect, she is held upright from collapsing into ruins, by mere open force openly applied. To the charity of the great leaders in Christendom, operating through their prudent

"The aspiring heads of future things appear;" already, in the mist and vapour which settle on all things which are vast, on all things which are dis-jealousies of each other, the Sultan owes it that his tant, and on all things which in part belong to the future, we see those forces moulding themselves steadily which are destined to the total recasting of the Oriental world. Asia never can be Asia again. Two vast forms of Christian power have now interlocked themselves with the whole machinery of Oriental power or of Oriental influence so effectually, that, even for the sake of securing their hold upon what is won, they cannot dare to relax their grasp. No longer do we behold little teasings of the eastern nations at their outlying maritime extremities; no longer a Portuguese fort, with a riband of land attached, an English or French factory on the continent, a Dutch one on an island; little local molestations, that spread no sense of power to the centre, hardly, by report, ever reaching the distant head or the heart. At present, we behold the following system of forces applied to Asia. That great Christian power, that depends most on physical agencies, the

name is not absolutely extinct. The population, properly Turkish, is gone down into a mere shadow of itself, as it stood even two centuries ago. Fortunately for Turkey, as regarded the observation of external enemies, ruinously in the sense of selfdelusion, this great decay has been partially concealed by the large intermixture of other races, not exposed to the same unhappy influences. At this moment, there is no reason to suppose the geruine Turkish people, the real Osmanlis, to exceed a total of four millions from the Balkan to Bagdad. The line of Othman have reached the last stage of their carcer: the race is dying out: their days are numbered, and their names will soon be a fable amongst fables. For this system of Mahometan power, which includes Asia Minor, Egypt, Syria, in short all that lies west of the Tigris, so completely is it coming within the network of Christian civilisation, were it merely through steam power, European travellers, com

merce, and the growing necessity felt in every thriv-pose, but merely to flatter their sovereign. Hence ing city of throwing itself on Christian aids of science, the ridiculous legend of 333 millions in China: a -that, even without the late intervention of the number which betrays its own artificial coinage. We Great Powers by the ever memorable treaty of July do not believe that China has a population of more 15, 1840, all this region would gradually become a than a hundred millions; nor should we readily lend neutral frontier for intercourse (on as much of a libe- an ear even to that amount, were it not for the long ral scale as Mahometanism can ever tolerate) between periods of repose which China has frequently enjoythat sensual superstition and the purity of Christian ed. Mean time it is an important suggestion-that truth. It is true, no such absurd scheme will be eastern nations presume the Europeans to be as realised as the recolonisation of Palestine by the negligent of truth as themselves. And hence it is Jews; and for this simple reason, if there were that China, for instance, derives her insolent undernothing otherwise in agricultural habits inconsistent valuation of our empire. They understand no modes with the training of men reared chiefly in towns, viz. of power but such ss can be expressed by numbers that the land of Palestine happens to be in private and extent; hearing the very moderate claims which occupation already wherever it is worth culture. But we make on either head for England, and applying without this extensive scheme of colonisation, local the common eastern allowance to our estimate, as colonies may, and probably will, be introduced in coming from interested parties, they conceive it to be very many parts of Asia Minor, which, at present, is a matter of course that we must be a very subordimiserably under-peopled. That sort of police, which nate power. This great source of error should not the Christian powers will compel the Sultan to in- be neglected. Returning mean time to the Persian troduce, cannot but invite settlers. empire, which gave occasion for the digression, we But this belongs to futurity. What is now cer- may not only repeat our assertion that it is miserably tain, for all this section of Asia, is the supremacy of depopulated by the course of events through the last Christian control. Now, travel onwards from the hundred years, but we will add that, as respects all Bosphorus to the heads of the Euphrates, and the intrinsic strength, Persia would long since have been regions of Ararat. You have advanced a thousand swallowed up by Russia, were it not for two obstamiles, and you find yourself on the dangerous frontier cles: one is the British support; the other is the of another great Mahometan empire; but, like Tur-difficulties which Russia would find in carrying on key, a ruin, a wreck, an anarchy, and a mere wilder- her administration of a Mahometan people. It is ness over many a vast region once populous with true, that many tribes or nations living under the life. This is the beginning of Persia. And here Russian sceptre are Mahometan: but these are geagain you find a great Christian power, and amongst nerally entrusted to the government of their own the ancient Christians of Armenia, standing ready native princes. with its levers to throw the old tottering edifice from It is, however, a broad indisputable fact-that its base, as circumstances of invitation offer. A vast were Russia disposed to cherish martial feuds with fortress (Erivan) renders all partial reverses of no the British nation, she would find it incomparably account. A powerful army-Russian in its main easier to make the conquest of all Persia, than to elements, but fitting into its discipline whatever mar-wrest so much as a petty province from Hindostan. tial qualities or martial means are offered by the wild Why is it that our journals have overlooked this fact nations around the Caspian—is kept reined up tight--so important in itself, and so fatal to all their ly, but ready, and on the fret, for any opening made to its advance.

hypothesis of a Russian yearning after India? Why should India be a more glittering prize than Persia? As mere territorial conquests, the one would be as tempting as the other; but, measured on the scale of difficulty, Persia would be a mere bagatelle compared with Hindostan.

Thirdly, move from the Tigris a thousand or twelve hundred miles to the east. You have been travelling across Persia, and you find yourself on the Indus. Ask not, for it is of no importance, how much of this country still owns the authority of the Now resume the review:- On the Bosphorus Shah, how much the authority of the Dooranee stands the whole representative force of Christenprince Shah Sooja, or of minor sovereigns. All this dom ready for operating upon that section of Asia. has fluctuated since the time of Nadir Shah-that is, A thousand miles to the east, in Armenia, stands a for the last period of 100 years. But the Persian Russian system of power and moral force prepared Shah is quite as much a wreck, a phantom, as the to act southwards and eastwards. A thousand miles Turkish Sultan. An inquiry, made by order of Na- further to the east stands an English system, of the poleon, into the amount of the Persian population, same mixed quality, in Affghanistan. A thousand reported, that in the vast area, which (if you assume miles to the east of that stands a permanent system for the natural limits the Tigris to the west, the of British influence acting upon Burmese Asia, &c. Indus to the east, the Oxus and the Caspian to the And finally, at a thousand miles east of this is now north) would repeat the dimensions of Hindostan, going on such a demonstration of British aggressive and ought therefore naturally to carry a population of power, as must place our future intercourse with ten times thirty-two millions (the population of China upon a footing suited to our dignity. Even France) there were-how many? Something under in the extreme part of Asia a new influence will protwelve millions. Here lies the capital delusion rest-bably arise for Christian nations upon the inert ing upon European minds. All Oriental nations masses of the East. exaggerate upon impulse. That sort of excess is the uniform disease of debility. They exaggerate also upon principle, and as a duty to their prince. We must remember the statistical facts are never brought forward by Orien al people for any statistical pur

But for the present that is less important. It is sufficient that from the Ganges and Burrampooter, westwards to the Bosphorus, comprehending three stages of a thousand to twelve hundred miles each, the Oriental population is henceforwards interveined

and penetrated by Christian civilisation, in a way must at length come to an end, and that the vast that secures the rapid triumph of both elements in regions of southern Asia, (soon to have vast proporthat compound power. The European civilisation tionate populations,) will begin to partake in the will come first; then Christianity, which has been great movement of the human race as now occupythe parent of that civilisation, will, in this case, fol-ing the two continents of Europe and America, we low-it will follow in the train of what for ourselves see a pledge of pacific counsels for both Russia and have been its results. To the most timid of specu- England. The ground is so vast, and Persia so lators this cannot appear doubtful, because the major much of a nearer temptation to Russia, that we see part of the problem has been already accomplished. no opening even for a future ambition pointing to The population of Hindostan, which is really great India. The petty objects of ambition that might in a positive sense, though very small in relation to have arisen on a more limited scale, are absorbed by the extent of India, has been already placed under the grander necessities opened upon each nation the influence of European civilisation. A law code, through the new civilisation which both have assistmodified by our lights, regulates their jurisprudence. ed to diffuse. Mere space is an obstacle to private Their commerce, diplomacy, taxation, war, treat- objects. Russia, if she were even the conquering ment of prisoners, &c., all are thoroughly British in power that she is supposed, could not venture to their moral principles, and Asiatic only in the adap-leave Persia in her rear unappropriated. And in the tation of these principles to climate or ancient usage. additional certainty that neither nation is seeking, or What has been actually accomplished for the popu- could rationally seek, any territorial expansion, we lation of Hindostan, may be anticipated with less see a far happier range of influence opened to each difficulty for the much smaller population to the in the new duties which will arise out of their new west. In the first great chamber westwards, stretch-situations. The practical and the real will, in this ing from the Indus to the Tigris, two Christian instance, prove more splendid than the fanciful or powers are now operating, instead of the one which the ambitious. As to any other influence of Russia, has revolutionised India. The second great chamber have we not all reason to be thankful that it exists? westwards, from the Tigris to the Sea of Marmora, The whole of southern Europe is desperately and is now not only under the operation of all Christian dangerously sold to levelling schemes of politics. nations who trade to the Levant, but is actually Spain is probably on the brink of bloody civil strugtaken under the surveillance of the great Christian gles. The French people will not suffer any check powers. In this instance we see the slow but sure to be applied from without. All of us are threatadvance of European light. At the end of the last ened by the contagion. In such a situation we do century, when France made a lawless invasion of not seek for models of civil institutions in Russia. Egypt, no interest was excited by that act, (apart Her people are not ripe for such institutions. It is from that of curiosity,) except in England, and there of more importance to us what will be the influence only from anxiety for India. Egypt was shut out of Russia abroad. And then, considering the excess from the European balance of power. Now, creep- which exists in southern Europe to the whole poliing like a tide over a flat surface of shore, gradually tics of destruction, we have reason to think it happy the European system of diplomatic calculations has for us all that in northern Europe exists an equal reached Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor. Another bias towards the excess of principles of conservation. generation will probably carry this tide beyond the Tigris; and if Persia should still exist at that era, she, like Turkey, will have her ruins propped up by a congress of European princes.

From Blackwood's Magazine. THE AUSTRIANS.

-690. Oestreich: Stuttgart, 1834.

Reise nach Oestreich in Sommer 1831. Von Wolfgang Menzel. Stuttgart und Tubingen, 1832. Austria, by Peter Evan Turnbull, Esq., F.S.A.. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1840.

We have often purposed to write a sermon on that ode of Anacreon, beginning,

Φυσις κέρατα ταύροις,

But whatever may be the fate of particular sovereigns or dynasties, nobody can fail to see in this regular succession and chain of European armies, 1. Weber's Deutschland. Zweiter Band, pp. 181 (acting, observe, every where as organising forces, not as blind conquerors;) in these repeating tele-2. graphs for carrying European influences over the whole of southern Asia, (that is, the whole of Asia 3. not already in Christian hands,) that the great preliminary work is finished of posting and bringing to bear the machinery of a new civilisation. All the powers have taken up their positions. It ought to strike every man who fancies that Mahometanism (because better than idolatry) is compatible with a high order of civilisation, that it has never yet suc-"God gave horns to the bull, hoofs to the horse, ceeded under any circumstances in winning for a swiftness to the hare, a gaping of toothed jaw to the people these results: 1. Civil liberty, or immunity lion, fins to the fish, wings to the bird, wisdom from the bloodiest despotism. 2. The power of (gu) to men, and to women beauty." For if terminating from within any intestine tumults; no- there be in any author, sacred or profane, a text thing but the sword ever heals dissensions in the which might afford the groundwork of a discourse East. 3. Any such cohesive power as enabled a on genuine contentment of spirit, and catholicity of people to resist foreign invaders; military conquest taste, this is the text. It does not indeed say, what passes like a gale of wind through eastern nations. might appear heterodox, that all things are good4. Above all, any progressive state. In every thing but it says that there is some good in all things; the East has been always improgressive. and that God never created any, the smallest worm, much less a reasoning man, without some special

Now, in the certainty that this state of things

66

weapon of defence against the pricks, and thorns, impious phrase, "le malheur d'être." Nor let any and protrusive angularities of fate, to which each Presbyterian sour," (absit invidia!) or hard Engparticular creature might be subject. Now, there lishman, whose delight is in battling, think this a are many pricks, and thorns, and protrusive angu- small thing. It is a great virtue-the very Venus larities to our English tastes at least-in Vienna. among the moral goddesses-HEARTILY TO ENJOY There is a double despotism, unlimited over soul EXISTENCE. This virtue God gave to the Viennese, and body-a conspiracy (shall we say?) of priests to the only compensation they have for the want of what keep down the soul, and a conspiracy of far-spread- we, in this fox-hunting country, and those furred and ing, tight-tying bureaucratists to keep down the silvered mandarins in Hungary, call a free constitubody-a jealous censorship of the press-an Argus- tion, and the healthy exercise of the lungs in speakeyed police-an exclusive aristocracy, admitting a ing six months every year about grievances. Let flaunting Mrs. Trollope now and then by special no man grudge it. And if there be any person who favour into its godlike fellowship-but sitting apart, will look upon that proud circle of smiling fauxfor the general, from vulgar mortality in a coroneted bourgs, and not give free outlet for the moment to a coach, like the lady of title in Mr. Hood's steamboat, gush of universal good fellowship, wholly regardless "not condescending even to be drowned with her of the last edition of the book of etiquette, and the inferiors;" and then in the far north distance there is sage precepts of Agays; and who will not, as he the famous (or infamous) Spielberg, frowning with prances through the lively Prater, allow his fancy to dark reminiscences. All this is bad enough. But revel freely in the unbelted whims of a careless merdid God leave the Austrians altogether defenceless riment, that man is a prig, and a pedant; and, if he against these things? Ma to! A light heart, seeks a foreign domicile, may establish himself at and a merry blood, and an easy conscience, make all Petersburgh, where, as the Marquis of Londonderry these things, and worse, tolerable. To a singing tells us, there is "such an indescribable vacuum," and dancing generation the Spielberg, with all its not in the swarming and whirling jubilee of Vienna. horrors, exists only in posse. The Viennese believe We, when we are at Rome, intend to do as the pope in it as they believe in the devil, most piously, but does; always, of course-salvo jure cujuslibet— as in a thing with which they-good and peaceable saving the rights of the categorical imperative, and Christian people, loving God and honouring the the ten commandments. kaiser-never can have any thing practically to do. "Our good Kaiser Franz," (or Ferdinand,) they opine, is paid specially for attending to these things. He is the captain, and Prince Metternich is head engineer of the great steam-vessel of the state. Blessed be God, not the cares, but the pleasures of life's navigation are ours! We are the passengers in the ship of mortality, travelling through time to eternity, where we expect to find not only a new heaven, but also a new earth; not only a new Jerusalem, but also a new "Wianstadt:" and to sing and to dance, to eat and to drink, and to make merry, is literally our business here, (when we can) and a very pleasant business it is. While you, Britons, brawl and battle, and tear one another's eyes out, and bespatter each other daily with whig and tory bedevilment a spectacle ludicrous to gods and men, like the hostile hind-legs and fore-legs of the ele-clever lady, mounted on a publisher's palfrey, that phant in the melodrame-we swim, and cradle, and envelope ourselves in the undulating harmonies of Haydn and Mozart, the most musical, the most joyous, the most happy, the most contented, the most loyal, the most religious, and (according to our own notions) also the most moral people in the universe. These things are, have long been, proverbial. Mrs. Trollope, though she assumed a wonderful air of importance, as if revealing things hidden to mortal men; and informing us for the first time, that, beyond the mountains also, happiness does dwell, preached no new gospel when she preached this. We only say, mark the philosophy of it; for heroes, moral or intellectual, you must not look in Vienna. The bull is not here to whom God gave horns, nor the lion with his you cortar, nor the eagle (except in the painted heraldry of the empire) with his wings; but you have mortal men who live and enjoy life, and bless God daily that they live. If the Viennese were put on a philosophical jury, they would assuredly bring in a verdict of insanity against that Frenchman, whoever he was, that dared to use the

Vienna is not Austria. Austria is a giant with many We have been often told that Paris is France; arms; and one arm is of gold, and another of silver, another of iron, and another of clay: one grows naturally and organically out of the body-the other is and the pack thread of diplomacy; this, the blow that fixed on mechanically by the hobnails of soldiership riveted may wrench-that, if you dislocate, the blood will come pumping out of the heart, and the brain head mainly and exclusively; for Hungary and Bowill stagger. Vienna is heart and head hoth; but hemia have each a little heart of their own, fiery and proud; and Lombardy has a heart also, full of rabid and bitter blood-sitting, like the eagle in the Zoomembering Loch-na-gar. It is not, therefore, every logical Gardens, very sullen and discontented-re

can ride up to this capital as to a citadel, and write VENI, VIDI, VICI, with a stroke of her pen, as the allies entered Paris suddenly in 1814, and no more had to fight two of his hardest battles (in 1809) after was heard of "the great nation." Napoleon himself he had mastered Vienna; and a man may even make himself master of all the creative ideas that radiate from the recesses of the state chancery in Vienna, and be very ignorant all the while of the strong under currents of social energy in Bohemia, Gallicia, Hungary, Lombardy, Venice, by the agency of which the future political geology of the Austrian empire (if the empire remain) shall be formed. We must, therefore, proceed with caution, when we attempt to frame to ourselves some intelligible notions Perhaps the following points, which we will set on such a wide subject as Austria and the Austrians. down in order, may serve as nuclei round which, in the mind of the reader, our stray observations on this subject may conveniently arrange themselves.

1. The form of government in Austria is a hereditary monarchy, in which the power of the sovereign

is limited by no opposing power whatever, recognised by the law.

2. The leading principles of this form of government, as it is practically administered in Austria, are centralisation in the controlling energies, the strictest subordination in the functional members, and uniformity as far as possible in the results.

3. The temper of the government is mild and gentle; its aim internal peace and tranquillity rather than external grandeur; and its general policy is conciliation.

and that the testimony of Menzel is peculiarly valuable, as he is somewhat of a stern constitutionalist, and cannot be supposed to have looked on the Imperial city with any such romantic predilections as those which seem to have woven a glamour before the eyes of Mrs. Trollope. With him, therefore, for the bright side of the picture, we are safe; and with him we now plunge in medias res, without further preface. We translate a whole chapter to begin with, for the sake of completeness, not omitting even the description of the locality, well known as that must be to many of our readers.

4. The great central controlling energy is German. 5. In Austria Proper, and the states that have long been attached to the archduchy, and in which "Vienna spreads itself before the eye of the the German language is predominant, the absolute stranger with a most imposing grandeur; not indeed authority of the government has practically the most from without, in the direction in which I came, (from free and unlimited play; while in Bohemia, and yet Saltzburg,) but, properly speaking, after you are in more in Hungary, a strong feudal power in a non- it. You pass the wide-spreading range of fauxGerman nobility, modifies and controls in various bourgs, and find yourself in an open circus or ring, ways the practical efficiency of the government: and more than a mile in diameter, wreathed round with in Italy, strong national feelings and ancient anti- the neat, and here and there magnificent, buildings pathies, with more disagreeable accompaniments, of the fauxbourgs. This circus is covered with produce a similar result. green turf, and intersected by countless alleys; and

6. The religion that gives a character and a colour in the midst of this smiling envelopment rises masto the government, notwithstanding some rather ex-sively the old town, or Vienna proper, with its eentensive reforms in matters of church polity, is, and has tral point, the high-towering steeple of St. Stephen's. been for ages, in spirit essentially Roman Catholic. This centralisation of the city, this green open space, 7. In material and physical resources, Austria is this amphitheatrical situation of the fauxbourgs, gives one of the richest and most luxuriant in Europe. Vienna an air of regularity, which enables the eye easily to take in its vastness, and at the same time heightens in no small degree the grand total effect of the Imperial city. When the fault of mere mechanical uniformity is avoided, I know nothing which improves a city so much as regularity; it enables the mass, as it were, to control its own magnificence. And one is so much the more pleased with this peculiar beauty in Vienna, that the plan of the city is thus a perfect type of the spirit of the empire, and the character of the Viennese; stable and massive within; without, broad, luxuriant, and sunny.

With these few leading ideas to guide us-points of the compass, as it were, by which to determine our whereabouts-we intend, on the present occasion, to give our readers a sketch of the spirit and character of the Austrians, such as we lately attempted of the Germans generally. We have found no better draughtsman for this purpose than our old friend, Herr Weber; but we have added to him another German, Wolfgang Menzel, whose name is a sufficient pledge of something substantial; and, for the sake of contrast or comparison, we shall also allow ourselves to hear evidence from an English- "In the interior city only, the streets are dark and man, who has presented us with two of the most narrow; but this part is only the sixth of the whole, complete and satisfactory volumes of foreign tra- being inhabited only by 50,000 men, while the fauxvelling that we have met with for some years. Not bourgs number 250,000; and besides, this contrast of that Mr. Turnbull is a travel-writer in the modern the dingy palaces in the centre-a stereotype of the sense of the word, strong in describing old castles, middle ages-with the bright modern edifices of the and nimble in bandying about multifarious gossip; periphery, adds one charm more to the view. In this but he has taken the trouble seriously to study the sea of palaces, buildings that would command atteninstitutions of the country which he perambulates, tion in any other situation are passed by unnoticed. and given us as intelligible a scheme of its social The detail is lost in the mass. At the same time, geography as can be given with lines and circles after the steeple of St. Stephen's, the eye rests natuupon paper. Bating a little pardonable partiality rally on the Imperial palace, (die Burg.) There is for a favourite theme, which the British instinct of an air of venerable grey antiquity about this building his readers will not be slow to correct, Mr. Turn- which awes one. It is half-concealed, however, as bull's second volume is truly a most excellent per- antiquity is apt to be, by a cluster of adjacent buildformance; and the greatest compliment that we can ings of more recent date, among which the Imperial pay it is to say, that it is not likely to be frequently State-Chancery is the most prominent. These two asked for in the circulating libraries. With half a buildings-the Burg and the Chancery-represent dozen such works, seriously written by serious men, the court and the ministry-two mighty things in who feel some of that reasonable respect for their Austria, like the House of Lords and the House of subject, for themselves, and for their readers, that Commons in England, but not, like these, given to was wont to be associated with the name of a book, quarrel. we may hope by degrees to redeem ourselves from the imputation of culpable ignorance in foreign matters, which has so long rested on us.

Of our other guides we shall only say, that Weber, from his cheerful temper, and pleasant gossiping wit, seems perfectly "at home" in the "Wianstadt;"

"In Vienna, without a representative constitution, you find the living representatives of all the various peoples in whose language the weal of the sovereign is supplicated. I know no more beautiful heterogeneousness than the map of Austria, and no more beautiful centre can be conceived than this kindly