these settlements had been annihilated, and swept from the soil in the torrent of barbarian life that had passed over them. The Roman Mogontiacum, the capital of Upper Germany, near the site of the present Maintz, had been razed to the ground by Attila and his Huns, in 451. It was not merely required to build a town up again within walls that had been dilapidated, but to create an entirely new one. The first episcopal church which had been built on the place of execution, outside the Roman camp, on a spot that had drunk the blood of Christian martyrs, was transplanted about a hundred years after Attila, by Berthoara, the pious daughter of King Theodoric, assisted by Bishop Sidonias, to the space of low but dry ground which the river had abandoned; and it was round this church of St. John (now Lutheran) that the new Maintz of the Franks grew up. The Cathedral of St. Martin was not founded till afterwards. Even the Merovingians of the third and fourth generations had become aware of the advantage of walled towns; and Maintz was defended by a wall to the north, while, on the south and west, it was protected by the remains of the Roman camp, and, on the east, immediately by the river. The Attach Field, the site of the Roman municipality, remained vacant; and soon the diligent planting of vineyards effaced every trace of the Roman city, and covered the bare foundation walls, to where, on the south, rose the commanding citadel. In the course of time, the accumulation of mud and rubbish and decaying matter, left by the population of a thousand years, so much raised the low ground, that the citizens of Maintz, in the middle ages, had to stoop their heads to pass under arches and gateways, which the Merovingians had passed through on horseback with lance in rest. There is no doubt that the population of the Frank Maintz was wholly of German origin, without any mixture of the Roman; and, notwithstand ing the uninterrupted succession of bishops, it consisted, during the second half of the fifth and the first half of the sixth century, only of unfinished walls and scattered dwellings. The pious endowments of the Convent of Fulda, which arose about the middle of the eighth century, give us a lively picture of the "Golden Maintz" of the Merovingian period. Between the royal palace and the churches and chapels, a numerous Frankish nobility dwelt in farm-like buildings, detached, but ranged near each other in something like a street. To these were attached gardens and vineyards, inside the walls as well as beyond, in the direction of the Roman camp. The inhabitants of Maintz and its precincts were noble and warlike landed proprietors, with their serfs and dependents; and though, for the maintenance of the ease and luxurious lives of the higher clergy, many useful and mechanical arts must have been practised, there does not appear to have existed any kind of guild, or company of citizens. Gregory of Tours, in a passage quoted by M. Barthold, has left a striking sketch of the domestic life of a Frankish noble of his time, in Treves; and it is likely that these of Frankish Maintz did not greatly differ from it. the luxury of a Frank master, who lives the life of a rude peasant, in the midst of the fragments of ancient art-of columned halls, baths, and atria with mosaic floors. Although Cologne and some other towns of Lower Germany possessed an independent industrial population earlier than Maintz, it does not appear that at this period there were in them any artisans but such as worked, under close superintendence, for their masters. Did a slave display great skill in any art, as, for instance, that of the goldsmith, he was often locked up to work, that he might not escape; "as in the seventeenth century the Adepts practised their deceitful art under the vigilant guardianship of princes eager for gold." imprisoned in Noricum, that they might finish a In the year 480, some goldsmiths who had been costly piece of workmanship, seized on one of the royal children, who had been tempted by curiosity to visit their workshop, and, threatening to kill both it and themselves, if they were not let out, at length obtained their liberty. In the eighth century, the demands of the rich convents had led to a rapid development of industrial activity among their dependents. The abbey of St. Gall, for instance, which had been founded by St. Gall, in the heathen Rhatea, and which, in 954, was surrounded like a town, with walls and towers, had within its limits workshops for tailors, shoemakers, millers, bakers, fullers, sword-cutlers, brewers, &c., while the monks themselves worked diligently in various arts and callings. One proof that the rough, hard-fisted Alemanni practised the useful arts, is to be found in some of their laws, dating at least as far back as the beginning of the seventh century, in the time of Clothaire II.; while in the law books of the other barbarians there is no mention of skilled laborers; the Salic laws only speak generally of their higher laws of the Angles and other North German tribes, value, and order fines for their abduction; and in the we only hear mention of women who made frieze, as one quarter more valuable than other slaves. find, among the Alemanni, that not only was the Wehr-geld of a baker, smith, sword-cutler, or goldsmith three times higher than that of ordinary slaves, namely-forty shillings-one fourth of the tax of a freeman, but that their skill was to be submitted to a public trial. They were worth that amount when they had been admitted as masters, which supposes a kind of corporation. If, even in these days of general serfage, the mechanic arts were among the Alemanni held in a certain degree of respect, and practised in guilds, or brotherhoods, it will not seem surprising towns of Western Alemannia, that the civic life first that it should be in Strasburg, one of the frontier began to stir, and make itself heard even at the gates of the bishop's palace, and in the halls where the rude nobles pursued their coarse revelries. We In the beginning of the ninth century the inhabitants of Ratisbon seem still to have retained some recollection of their Roman origin, and there existed in this town a sort of union or company of artisans, either wholly or partly free. The biographer of St. Emmeran speaks, too, about this period, in rapturous terms of the splendor of this "Radispona, ," with its towers and stone palaces, and abunThe barbarian, (he says) harbors along with his dant provision of wells for water. He also mencattle in a strongly-built farmhouse, the doors of tions a merchant's quarter, a Latin Street, called which are, at night-time, bolted with wooden bolts ; for these warlike guests did not bring with them from sometimes the "Romling," and the importance of their homes the knowledge of the use of locks. The the town was further increased by the fertility of herds are kept by the descendants of Roman senators, the district, its position on the Danube so favorable who have fallen into slavery; nay, one among them for the trade from Byzantium and the Slavonian is the nephew of the Bishop of Langres; and a cun- East, as well as from Italy to the North of Germaning slave, also of Roman descent, serves as cook to ny. It took a high rank, too, in the spiritual church, and was raised to a bishopric, whence It is interest of the age, from the reputation and the the tide from the ocean, he built a fort for the miraculous deeds of Saint Emmeran, who, after protection of the Saxon frontier, to which was being in a great measure successful in introducing given the name of Hamburgh, that is, the Forest the Christian faith among the heathen inhabitants, Castle. Before this new settlement obtained a had died, in the seventh century, the martyr's death, and shed on the spot a holy lustre that made it celebrated throughout the dominion of the Franks. But with the exception of a few towns in these Roman provinces on the Danube and the Rhine, the greater part of the interior of Germany still, in the eight century, lay in its original merely agricultural and heathen state. Along the whole extent of the middle Rhine, and on both banks of the Maine and its tributary rivers, there was yet no church, and no regular settlement. When Boniface, the apostle of the Germans, had obtained from Rome (in 714) his appointment as Archbishop of Germany, he appears to have been greatly perplexed for the names of places over which to place his bishops. According to the canonical rules, these episcopal sees should have been established only in considerable and populous settlements, but over a great extent of country in Germany there was not so much as a village, or a devastated Roman town to which to attach them. He was fain, therefore, to content himself with the names of two or three little lonely hamlets and solitary dwellings of Frankish peasant nobles. Some of these new bishoprics withered away as soon as planted, but most of them took root and flourished. One of the most prosperous was the afterwards renowned Abbey of Fulda, built by Boniface himself in a wild district called Buchonia, that is "in the beeches" between Thuringia and Hesse, which soon became the high school for scientific and ecclesiastical education, as it was then understood, and made great advances in agriculture and the industrial arts, the monks themselves laboring diligently in both departments; and when the aged archbishop finally fell a victim to his zeal in attempting the conversion of the Frieslanders, he left to the Convent of Fulda, the legacy, in that age not inconsiderable, of his wonder-working bones, by which its reputation for sanctity was fully established. In the following century we see the country traversed in all directions on royal roads, and everywhere towns springing up, with markets, tolls, and the right of coining money. In the twelfth century the Saxons manifested so decided an inclination for make amends for their forefathers' neglect of it. In commerce, that it seemed as if they were anxious to the north-west, a race, of German origin, had struck out entirely new paths of activity and enterprise. The Frieslanders, so remarkable for the inviolable fidelity of their attachment to their poor and perilous native soil, as well as for their steadfast loyalty to the worship of their forefathers, were, at the same time, among the most active and stirring of merchants and navigators-the very Sidonians of the north-who, in the most unquiet times, were seen with their wares. and the simple productions of their industry, wherever there was a chance of barter or profitable traffic. in the middle ages, the first sea-faring people of GerThe Frieslanders were in the Roman days, as well as many. The murderous wars of Charlemagne added to the vessels in all parts of the North Sea, but they even Not only were they seen in their well-built infant church of Germany eight new bishoprics, found their way to the Mediterranean, and ventured which laid the foundation for an equal number of as far as the Holy Land. The internal commerce of slowly rising towns, and, in the case of Frankfort, Germany depended greatly on them, and it was they the town took precedence. The "Frank's Ford" who led the towns on the Middle Rhine to perceive at a shallow part of the river Maine, had been long the advantage of their watery highway, through the known and used both for the passage of armies and flat and marshy districts at its mouth. In 752 we for commercial intercourse; probably, also, as it find Frieslanders at the market of St. Denis, or in the was in a district attached especially to the crown, Gau or district of Paris; Friesian ships sailed boldly there may have been a royal farm, with its estab-into the Humber; Friesian merchants were seen at lishment of laborers and artisans, and a place of shelter and repose after the chase in the neighboring forests. But in the year 794, Charlemagne formally took up his abode here, transacted both temporal and ecclesiastical business, and summoned hither the heerbann for the last Saxon war; on the opposite side of the river to that where his palace was situated he planted a settlement of the conquered people, which still bears the name of Saxonhausen. As the whole tract was crown land, there were of course no free proprietors of the soil, and it was long before Frankfort assumed the character of a trading and industrial town. To the north of his vast territory, the far-sighted sagacity of Charlemagne had looked out for a suitable spot for the traffic carried on with the Wends beyond the Elbe, and on the right bank, on a rising ground between two tributary rivers within the reach of York by St. Luitger, when he visited it for the sake When all knowledge of seamanship and naval warof receiving instructions from the renowned Alcuin. fare had been lost by the Anglo-Saxons, they were Friesian ship-builders and warriors whom Alfred summoned to restore it. In the interior of the Frank empire they were no less celebrated for their manufacturing industry, especially for that of a kind of woollen fabric much in favor then, and still known as frieze. The great ecclesiastical establishments contributed much in this age to the advancement of trade and industry. In almost all the abbeys and convents the festival of the patron saint was made the occasion of a market or fair, in which unusual privileges were granted. The wealthier convents erected special buildings for the convenience of buyers and sellers; every convent or church formed a convenient place of rendezvous for the surround- Thuringia and Saxony, plundering and burning ing country, and there was no want of dealers in wherever they came, and meeting with but little reall the articles necessary to supply their immediate sistance. When, in the year 911, the German branch wants. The words messe (mass) and market came of the Carlovingians expired with the unhappy boy in this way to be used indifferently for such gath- Louis, our country had become the victim of its wild erings; and even in Protestant cities, like Frank- neighbors and of its internal lawlessness, and lay exfort, the annual fair is still known as the messe. hausted in every limb, and utterly defenceless. Devotion and mercantile profit went hand-in-hand, and two of the most powerful impulses of the human mind, acting thus conjointly, could not fail to develop rapidly all departments of activity with which they were connected. The reigns of the last Carlovingians, and the period from the commencement of the ninth to the tenth century, saw the foundation of many new cities in Germany, but, at the same time, the stationary condition, or even decay, of many of those already established-a decay that may perhaps be accounted for sufficiently by the general decline of the prosperity of the empire under Louis the Pious and his sons, as well as by the assaults made on it by the Northmen. Hamburg, notwithstanding its apparently favorable position at the mouth of the broad river, did not advance with the rapidity of the older towns on the Rhine, for the Elbe was infested with the wild Slavonic tribes, who held the upper parts of the stream. The Danes, too, after they had established themselves in the marshes of Flanders, compelled the Frieslanders to pay them tribute, plundered the city of Dorstadt, and attacked the new archiepiscopal see, around whose castle and stately church an extensive settlement had grown up. The whole became the prey of the fierce robbers, and was burnt to the ground, and the destitute archbishop and his spiritual brethren took refuge in Bremen. In Western Germany we find at this time mention of Coblentz, and on the Danube of Ratisbon and Ulm, which, being situated on one of the great roads from Italy, as well as on a navigable river, had been rapidly advancing in prosperity. But all records of the progress of civilization during the remainder of this age are swept away in the desolating storms that raged across it from the north. So, at least, it appeared; but even in this dark and stormy time there were sparks of life still glimmering brightly beneath the embers. Amidst the wild scenes of havoc and destruction, we have glimpses of commercial wealth and ecclesiastical splendor in Ratisbon and elsewhere; and the products of the tolls on the Danube, the Ems, and in the interior, show that trade and industrial activity had not been altogether driven from their accustomed paths, but contrived to make their way even through all the terrors of the wild marauders who infested them. As the present volume only brings down the history to the year 1190, it can scarcely be considered to do more than enter on its main subject; and we hope to find the subsequent parts no less valuable in matter, and perhaps somewhat clearer in arrangement and more attractive in form. From Chambers' Journal. THE BARONESS PAFFZ. WE found ourselves doomed to the unpleasant task of lodging-house hunting at a peculiarly unpropitious season for those who desired to combine economy with comfort and respectability; the monster Exhibition having extended its influence even to the quiet, far-away regions of Bloomsbury. The notifications of "Apartments to let" in the windows of houses in the almost grass-grown streets of that once-fashionable locality far exceeded any number within the memory of "the oldest inhabitant;" evincing how the anticipations of a harvest of unusual profit, arising from the expected influx of visitors to the metropolis, had contagiously spread. In the course of our progress we turned down a short, blind street, where the houses were few, of moderate size, and more cheering outward The Danes, who, under Lewis and Charles the Bold, aspect than the larger and dingier mansions of the had been terrible scourges, now attacked the German immediate neighborhood. We singled out one coasts, and first that of Friesland. In the year 880, whose windows looked bright and clean, and where the temporal and spiritual powers of Saxony and a the announcement of accommodation was displayed countless host of warriors fell in the battle of Ebsdorf on a small card in very minute characters-so mi-probably on the left bank of the Elbe. In the nute as scarcely to be decipherable, and causing us following years, not only the countries between the to hesitate before making application at the door mouths of the Schelde, the Rhine, and the Maas, with the usual question, Can we view the apartbut even the towns situated high up those riversTreves, Aix-la-Chapelle, whose sacred palace was ments?" However, our doubts were speedily dispolluted, as well as Cologne, Neuss, and Bonn, were persed by a neat young handmaiden, who replied devastated by the savage invaders, whilst the Wends to our timid summons with considerable alacrity, or Vandals wasted the eastern frontiers of the empire. inviting us to walk in, and to walk up to the first Notwithstanding the victory which Arnulf had gained floor. This we did, and found ourselves in what over them at Liege, (891,) the Northmen pressed for- was of course denominated the drawing-room-and ward to the territory of Worms; Maintz, with its what a tale we read by scrutinizing the contents of new walls, having offered successful resistance. the room! I turned over these sad pages of reality, Scarcely, too, had Germany begun to breathe a little which interested me much, for I saw we were in after its perilous encounters with the Danes, when a the abode of faded gentility, and not in a regular new enemy made its appearance on the south-eastern lodging-house. There was scant antique furniture, limits; namely, the Hungarians whom Arnulf had preserved with the utmost care and scrupulous thoughtlessly called to his assistance against the cleanliness; touching attempts at decoration and Moravians. The name of the Emperor Arnulf had kept these wild hordes in something like subjection; darned that the darning stood in the stead of emembellishment; fine muslin curtains, so exquisitely but no sooner was he dead than they commenced the ravages which they continued for six years in Eastern broidery; and all presided over by an air of poverty Moravia and Bavaria, until a general levy was raised indescribable, which made one shiver and feel cold against them. A German army, led by the young at the bare idea of becoming an inmate. Ancient king himself, nevertheless suffered a terrible defeat; annuals were arranged methodically on a far more and in the following year the Hungarians overran ancient table, and in the midst stood a splendid ognized by the humble and commonplace one distinguishing the mass, even as plain Mrs. Paffz.” china bowl, evidently the pride and glory of the | to wound their feelings. But it would not do: house. It was indeed a beautiful thing, while a they had taken a fancy to us, it was clear, and, for solitary card reposed in its depths; and shall I con- the sake of such pleasant company, would meet us fess that we had the curiosity and impertinence to in any way. Aunt and niece whispered together peep at this bit of pasteboard? It had so often for a few moments; and then the elder lady, drawbeen cleaned with India-rubber that the printing ing herself up majestically, said, with an air of was beginning to be obliterated; but still fairly dignity and importance that was never surpassed, distinguishable were the letters which formed the "Sir Thomas Crumpton, of Crumpton Court, is a words," Sir Thomas Crumpton, Crumpton Court." relative, though a distant one, of ours, and I am I had just returned this honored relic to its painted the Baroness Paffz: though, since I lost my husnest, when an individual rapidly entered the apart- band, thirty years ago, and left a magnificent westment, talking in an equally rapid, excited manner, end mansion to reside here and bring up my orphan without once stopping to take breath, and request-niece, I have dropped my proper title, and am recing us to step down to the dining-room," where aunt was, and also a fire." The individual alluded to, whose quick motions we now followed down the We bowed to the baroness, and really endeavored stairs we had so lately ascended, was a small-sized to throw all the respect we could into our demeanor, female, apparently about fifty years of age. She for we had no inclination to laugh, or to hold up to had remarkably fine dark eyes; but otherwise the derision the antiquated gentlewomen, who took our pinched, meagre, not to say starved expression of respectability on trust, and so unintentionally flather countenance, was absolutely painful to contem-tered our self-respect by their perfect confidence. plate. Her dress was formed after the obsolete We could not get away from them-we must see mode, when waists were just under the arm-pits, the bedrooms. Alas! for winter weather with and four breadths of silk were reckoned the allow- those shreds of blankets, curtains and carpets! We ance for a full, handsome skirt! But her head- must test the powers of the "instrument," once so gear-what words may describe that? What famed. They doted on music, and it should alfashion, what country, what age did it belong to? ways be at our command. Then they told us how She wore no covering save her own hair-and but they had lived here for thirty years-thirty long a few gray ones were perceptible-but that was years-visiting no one, and being visited by nobody all braided on the crown of the head, to resemble a (yes; Sir Thomas Crumpton had called upon basket containing flowers-artificial flowers of for- them once!)-seeing no sight save the high wall eign and antique manufacture. The flowers were opposite, over which the apple-blossoms towered faded; the dress was darned, like the curtains; the now, but had n't when they first came; never walkgloves were mended-oh! so well and beautifully ing out save to church-they were bad walkers; mended!—and yet the little, odd lady looked like a no books, no papers; only this old spinet to enliven gentlewoman, and we felt convinced was one to all their solitary, monotonous lives. They never hinted intents and purposes. She chatted without ceasing, at poverty or privation, though the baroness sighed in the easiest, most confidential way, and intro- when she spoke of former splendors. At length duced us to her aunt as if we had been familiar we made our escape, though only by promising to acquaintances instead of strangers seeking for Lon-call again, and give our final answer, don lodgings. The aunt was twin-sister in appearance to the niece, notwithstanding a score or so of years' seniority; the dining-room was twin-ghost of the drawing-room, save that there was no china bowl; but, to make up for the deficiency, a spinet -surely "the first of the spinets”—stood in one corner; it was open, too, as if recently played upon; and a mere handful of coal smouldered in the brightly-polished grate, originally of moderate dimensions, but confined into a handbreadth space by false back and sides. "They wanted society; we were the very parties they desired to have"-flattering and embarrassing to us-"they had never let lodgings before"-of that we felt sure-" but seeing so many others put up bills, and people of high respectability, too, they thought, just by way of a little variety, they, too, would try their luck at letting part of their house-a house they had occupied for nearly thirty years.' Aunt and niece spoke both at the same time; and to our half uttered sentence, "We fear the apartments will not suit us," exclaimed in chorus, We shall be delighted to receive you; we do not doubt your giving us unexceptionable references; pray do not apologize." And we had some difficulty in making the poor old souls comprehend that we must search further before coming to a decision; but when they named an exorbitant sum for even handsome rooms in a good situation, and named it too as a nominal rent, in the simplicity of their hearts, "for the sake of being beneath an unexceptionable roof," exchanging a rather mysterious glance, we thought it better to plead inability to meet it than 66 Which we do hope-oh, so much!-may be in the affirmative!" The Baroness Paffz, in the days of her prosperity, had undertaken the sole charge of a destitute orphan nephew and niece, when she suddenly found herself a widow in reduced circumstances (the Baron Paffz held a diplomatic appointment, and lived up to his income.) Her nephew Desmond at that time was still at Harrow school. He was a highspirited, handsome lad, equally the darling of his sister Clarissa and his fond aunt. Sir Thomas Crumpton was the only influential relative they had; but when reverse of circumstances overtook them, he looked coldly on those whose friendship he had formerly courted. However, he appropriated one of his freehold houses, at a low rent, for the use of the baroness and her niece: she would accept nothing more; nor was she aware, as we afterwards found, that twenty pounds a year were remitted by the niggardly baronet on the rent. He also articled Desmond to a lawyer; and Desmond brought home every day to the blind, dull street his bright anticipations, and a spirit pining for freedom. Poor fellow! it could not last; he could not endure the confinement and monotony of such an existence, for he had been a pampered, spoiled boy, and promised by the deceased baron a commission in the Guards. He at length disappeared; and months of torturing suspense passed over, the two lone women hearing nothing of his fate. They thought not of his selfishness in thus deserting them; they only pitied him and loved him the more. Sir Thomas Crumpton was indignant in the extreme at young Desmond's conduct, and took this opportunity of "washing his hands" of his poor connections. At length a letter came from the truant, and, with trembling hands and streaming eyes, the sister and aunt thankfully received it. Desmond was in India; he had worked his way thither on shipboard, and his prospects were brightening, after intense suffering and privation. Another letter, and another, each more hopeful and cheering than the last; Desmond was in the high-road to fame and fortune, and in a few years would return to them a rich nabob! Fond dreams-illusive anticipations! The letters ceased; they heard no more; and for twenty-three years these patient souls had existed on hope. “Desmond must be still alive." No tidings could they gather of his death in those distant regions; still he would return to them, wealthy and powerful-for what were twenty-three years, after all? Clarissa was still a girl to Aunt Paffz, and the baroness lived on memories of past happiness. Changes went on around them, but there was no change in them. A room was kept in constant readiness for Desmond's return; but the moth and decay will make themselves heard; and how fervently they wished for means to redecorate that chamber! The same idea had struck them both, though it was a long while ere they found courage to communicate it to each other the idea of imitating the example of their neighbors, and putting up a bill signifying that part of their house was to let. The Baroness Paffz was the landlady, Sir Thomas Crumpton was their relative, and select and aristocratic must be the inmates they received! The emolument arising from this proceeding was to be entirely devoted to the reparation and embellishment of Desmond's chamberDesmond, the anxiously and daily looked for! has sustained and cheered them in adversity, and who would wish to destroy the innocent hallucination? It is not, indeed, impossible-such things have been heard of—and Desmond, after a twentythree years' silence, may turn up! We have never regretted our labors of lodging-hunting since they brought us into contact with these interesting old ladies; no other visitors penetrated so far as the retired street where they reside; and after a few weeks, they decided on taking the modest card of " apartments to let" from the casement, lest Desmond should return. When he does, we will promise to add a little supplement to this romance of real life; and, in the mean time, may we, under hopes deferred, prove as patient, faithful and resigned! GENTLEMEN.-Heralds used formerly to go round and enregister the arms of different families, but since 1686 the custom has been abandoned. The kings-atarms every thirty years also used to register the their last visitation; and those who had usurped births, deaths, and marriages that had occurred since titles or dignities which did not belong to them were obliged, under their own hands, to disclaim all pretence to them, and were publicly degraded in the nearest market-town. Sir T. Smith, who died in 1577, says "Gentlemen be those whom their blood or race do make noble or known; the commonwealth of England is divided into three sorts of persons-the sovereign; the gentlemen, which are divided into two parts; the barony or estate of lords, and those who be no lords, such as knights, esquires, and simple gentlemen; the third and last are called yeomen." Nobility means notability-worthy of being noted or innate must take a long time to grow. James I. known. Nobility can be acquired; gentility must be told his nurse he might make her son a duke, but could not make him a gentleman; although in manners and appearance the youth probably (as he had had a good education) more nearly resembled what we term a gentleman in these degenerate days than the worthy king himself. Among the gentry, not among the peers, with the exception of three or four families, must we look for the true nobility of England. There are upwards of 130,000 ancient nobility, The old landed, proand not much above 500 peers. Clarissa still warbles the songs which Desmond admired when he was a boy, for he will like to hear them again, she says; she wears the head-prietors are the ancient nobility. dress in which then, he proudly said, his pretty darling sister looked still prettier. Each knock at the door causes her to dart to the window and peep through the blinds to ascertain who it is; and often she says to Aunt Paffz, that she almost trusts their boy may not come home just at this juncture, as he might n't like to see the ticket up, and she would like to have his room fresh and nicely done up for him. The old writers speak of the nobility named and unnamed-that is, titled and untitled. Those families whose names are the same as their estates are the noblest. Commoner means those who are amenable to higher tribunals; peers are not commoners, being their own judges. This, however, is an exclusive privilege, but no proof of nobility; for many persons who have precedency over peers are subject to the common law; sons of dukes, marquises, even princes of the blood, before they are made peers, are amenable to common tribunals. There Poor things! my heart throbs in sympathy as I listen to their oft-repeated anticipations; for we are KEEP MOVING.-Miserable is he who slumbers on great friends, and I often refresh myself by going to see these out-of-the-world women. In their case, before the hour of his rest, or who sits down in the in idleness! Miserable the workman who sleeps hope deferred has not made the heart sick not shadow, while his brethren work in the sun. unhealthy, or feverish, or even impatient. They is no rest from labor on earth. There are always are inured to waiting; they literally feed on hope; duties to perform and functions to exercise-funcand when it is withdrawn, they will speedily fade tions which are ever enlarging and extending, in proand wither doubtless. But will it ever be with- portion to the growth of our moral and mental sta drawn? Will they not depart this life with the tion. Man is born to work; and he must work while hope yet warm in their yearning hearts that Des- it is day. "Have I not," said a great worker, "all mond and they are surely about to meet again? It eternity to rest in?"-L. Tynman. The LIVING AGE is published every Saturday, by E. LITTELL & Co., at the corner of Tremont and Bromfield Streets, Boston. Price 12 cents a number, or six dollars a year in advance. Remittances for any period will be thankfully received and promptly attended to. |