1, 148 449 5, 210 1, 488 4, 090 5, 666 1, 113 3, 041 377 2, 854 8, 312 3, 125 6,725 9, 417 4, 642 476 344 18 231 107 4,024 54 264 418 367 87 551 349 372 1,332 238 177 464 561 861 439 954 800 531 221 112 1 64 10 276 -13 272 154 7, 834 117 1, 430 2, 457 1, 229 331 38 Anoka. 1, 515 536 5, 761 1, 837 4, 462 6,998 1,357 3, 218 841 3, 415 9, 173 564 7, 679 10, 217 5, 073 697 456 19 295 117 4, 300 41 341 586 47 633 6, 285 169 610 6, 241 238 4, 214 40 77 166 168 305 230 351 210 Dr. O. P. Chubb Fairmont. Glencoe Litchfield Princeton Harrison. Little Falls. Austin. St. Peter Rochester Glenwood Redwood Falls Cairo.. Faribault. 15, 107 95 10, 975 294 5, 851 154 340 5, 448 103 4, 119 218 434 15 270 793 135 95 73 254 694 107 158 215 245 294 100 331 448 Total... 690 2, 846 4, 975 2, 856 454 5, 282 2, 738 3, 701 546 Duluth. Maple Glen.. Elk River. Henderson St. Augusta Meriden. Plainview. Wilton Afton Madelia Winona Monticello 8, 621 819 4, 786 7, 367 4, 932 117 11, 363 4, 174 6, 780 249 15, 277 5, 028 617 2,592 4, 281 2, 749 296 5, 067 2, 493 3, 407 446 7, 025 2, 996 249, 856 129, 103 144, 41415, 311 schools in Minnesota for the year 1869. ent public instruction, St. Paul. INTENDENTS. Expenditures. Whole number of Whole number of different schools in the year. Per cent. of aggregate attendance to whole number of pupils in the county. Male. Female. och Value of all the school 29 16 154 34 62 133 26 .66 .53 .77 .51 .71 .66 .76 . 79 .55 .61 . 78 .76 .74 93 23 494 136 2, 127 441 1, 438 2, 107 357 1, 204 212 988 3, 202 1, 276 2, 534 3, 225 1, 407 96 110 8 514 137 2, 332 554 1, 626 2, 407 445 1, 355 250 1,085 3, 956 1, 427 3, 232 3, 595 1, 583 98 111 11 51 7 1, 374 11 375 553 386 64 207 152 1,388 1, 039 3,230 11 14 195 1,667 .77 54 106 238 113 187 140 109 11 11 2 4 1 96 1 46 41 38 3 19 12 126 53 9999 1 2 21 96 :60 .28 .48 1. 00 .36 . 11 .62 . 44 .57 .67 . 45 .34 197 152 1, 302 920 2, 766 9 18 201 1,300 .56 .51 .82 .67 .83 .09 .68 62 . 48 For building, pur- Amount paid as Amount paid for other purposes. Amount on hand in dis trict treasuries. houses in the county. $601 07 329 84 9, 483 07 2,381 67 2, 559 09 8, 917 49 1, 214 61 4, 678 73 422 12 2, 804 47 23, 507 34 3, 406 25 24, 320 43 28, 700 31 6, 336 62 446 06 298 05 260 00 104 27 $1, 700 67 80 62 1, 707 79 456 63 1, 328 00 2, 140 28 529 14 2, 725 64 88 05 691 43 4, 945 61 1, 794 82 7, 365 24 11, 484 16 262 90 35 80 176 71 94 00 6 00 95 05 607 70 $489 82 516 70 835 60 264 82 56 01 99 14 695 63 420 79 $3, 473 45 1, 055 68 14, 438 15 5, 830 28 6, 622 12 14, 048 24 2,014 00 9, 407 62 1, 614 75 5, 349 75 26, 698 61 7, 067 80 22, 808 20 33, 393 00 8, 410 29 49 48 368 25 88 00 204 00 120 00 8, 520 59 98 50 1, 190 13 2, 808 35 1,588 78 1, 040 00 913 41 896 72 9, 290 55 5, 533 00 23, 435 39 $11, 898 00 1,573 50 26, 360 60 12, 250 00 14, 705 00 47, 664 00 5, 630 00 35, 851 00 2, 160 00 16, 735 00 75, 697 73 22, 992 00 100, 810 00 178, 238 70 29, 025 00 1, 302 00 1,000 00 260 00 200 00 1, 484 90 21, 124 50 35 80 528 22 404 60 3, 511 24 14 04 851 53 1, 161 13 829 88 886 25 628 22 235 14 11, 643 21 3,086 23 11, 655 90 123 82 11 70 5, 757 31 550 84 2, 422 06 223 55 1,011 86 921 65 197 87 107 50 620 81 1, 194 26 1, 613 14 3,317 39 3, 120 00 7, 890 00 2, 256 50 6, 150 00 1, 747 00 1, 360 00 36, 420 00 9, 837 00 119, 805 00 605 00 909 25 18, 888 70 830 13 252 98 8, 642 45 62 93 6, 242 65 73 76 876 12 3, 103 63 500 00 61 00 8, 973 67 402 27 1, 655 63 2, 270 11 1,000 10 4, 823 30 4,732 39 490 62 2, 773 00 2, 212 81 7, 535 17 773 1, 607 1,083 82 2,071 1, 015 1, 177 129 2, 423 1, 058 800 00 2, 327 68 79, 875 00 500 00 400 00 76, 109 00 1, 750 00 20, 231 00 5, 791 11 12, 825 00 33, 305 00 26, 651 00 1, 030 00 77, 836 00 17, 677 36 58, 400 00 800 00 103, 415 50 15, 905 00 452 50 17, 515 62 834 46 1, 080 60 1, 227 45 4, 361 07 4, 006 19 8, 311 63 511 32 15, 383 50 6, 697 33 10, 691 02 460 15 11, 477 15 5,933 21 8 140 84 66 12 159 87 160 06 6, 418 88 60 96 258 52 215 78 303 18 6, 013 81 1, 112 16 92 96 2, 146 00 736 58 1, 932 10 1 00 16, 619 19 042 41 11 48 6, 139 69 133 94 1, 031 65 221 13 582 97 1, 891 34 1, 149 09 147 91 2, 293 00 480 34 1, 496 15 195 48 2, 666 64 830 94 2, 308 1,038 1, 278 157 2, 478 1, 217 7, 415 18 399 16 3, 194 54, 309 47, 777 205, 071 07 | 323, 822 69 91, 569 16 69, 266.13 1, 339, 697 50 MISSISSIPPI. The constitution of Mississippi, adopted in 1868, recognizing the necessity of providing for the education of the people as the foundation for a republican government, makes it the duty of the legislature to establish “a uniform system of free public schools, by taxation or otherwise, for all children between the ages of five and twentyone years, and as soon as practicable to “establish schools of higher grade.” The constitution also requires the election of a superintendent of public education at the same time and in the same manner as the governor, having the qualification of secretary of state, and holding his office for four years; also, that “there shall be a board of education, consisting of the secretary of state, the attorney general, and the superintendent of public education ;” also, that there shall be a school superintendent for each county ; that in each school district one or more schools shall be maintained for four months at least in each year; the penalty for neglect being a forfeiture of all funds or income. · A common school fund is also to be provided for from the proceeds of lands belonging to the State, granted by the United States; and the lands known as “swamp lands, with certain specified exceptions; and also, “ of all lands now or hereafter vested in the State by escheat, or purchase, or forfeiture for taxes," as well as the proceeds from licenses, fines, and some other sources named. To aid this fund a poll-tax, not exceeding $2 a head, is to be levied. An agricultural college is also to be provided for from the lands—210,000 acres-donated by Congress for said purpose July 2, 1865. No religious sect is ever to control any part of the school or university funds of the State. All school funds are to be divided pro rata among the children of school age. SCHOOL SYSTEM. In accordance with the constitutional requirements, the legislature, at its session in June 1870, passed an act “To regulate the supervision, organization, and maintenance of a uniform system of public education." SCIIOOL DISTRICTS. Each county constitutes one school district; but any incorporated city of more than 5,000 inbabitants constitutes a separate district. The board of education have a general care and supervision of all property coming into possession of the State for school purposes, the income of which they are to pay to the school authorities of the cities or districts for the support of the schools. They are to make a report annually, upon all matters intrusted to their charge, to the superintendent of public education, to be by him incorporated in his annual report to the legislature. They have power to remove county superintendents for good cause, and may fill vacancies occurring in the office of county superintendents, reporting their action to the senate at the next session of the legislature. Each member of the board is to give bond in the sum of $20,000, conditioned as the bonds of other State officers. STATE SUPERINTENDENT. This officer has the general supervision of all the schools, is to visit each county annually, as well as provide for holding a teachers' institute in each congressional district. He is to report to the legislature annually on all matters relating to his office and the educational interests of the State. He shall appoint a clerk, who shall have a salary of $1,100. The superintendent receives 5 cents per mile for distance actually traveled in his official duties, and all necessary contingent expenses. He is prohibited from acting as the agent of any author, publisher, or bookseller, directly or indirectly, on penalty of removal and forfeiture of all moneys due him from the State. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS Are to have the supervision of the schools of their respective counties, visiting them once in each term, to examine and grant certificates to teachers, and perform other duties, as required by the State superintendent or board of education. They receive a salary of $5 a day. They report to the State superintendent, and, like him, are prohibited from using any influence in favor of any author, publisher, or bookseller, upon similar penalties. SCHOOL DIRECTORS. The board of county supervisors and the city council of any incorporated city of more than 5,000 inhabitants appoint six school directors in each district, for three a years, who receive $3 a day for actual service. They are made a corporate body, with power to sue and be sued. They are to make rules and regulations for carrying out the requirements of the law, and have the care of providing school-houses, creating sub-districts, hire teachers, and perform any other duty necessary to put the schools in operation. They are to prescribe a uniform series of text-books; but no member shall act as an agent for any author, publisher, or bookseller. They have the management of the property belonging to the district, may purchase or rent land for school-house sites, or sell the same. The county treasurer is to keep a separate account with each sub-school district and with each class of school funds. The other features of the system, in detail, with regard to teachers, institutes, and other matters pertaining to education, are substantially those recently adopted by other States, and are in accordance with the requisite provisions of the constitution. From the latest reports, it appears that there has been some delay in the organization of the schools under this law, and as the matter is now in a state of prosecution, no results can at present be given. UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI. JOHN N. WADDEL, chancellor. “The university is established upon a grant of land, consisting of thirty-six sections, made by the Congress of the United States to the State of Mississippi in 1819; and the language of the act is, that the title of this land shall be vested in the legislature of said State, in trust, for the support of a seminary of learning therein." The original act of chárter, passed February 24, 1844, contained the following words: “The said board of trustees (of the university] shall have full power and entire control over the funds belonging to the university of Mississippi,' or the seminary fund,' to be by them applied toward the consummation of the plan of the university of Mississippi,” &c. At the next following session of the legislature, however, an act was passed supplementary to the charter, the first section of which provides that “so much of the third section of an act entitled “An act to incorporate the university of Mississippi.' approved February 24, 1844, as gives the trustees of the university full power and entire control over the funds belonging to the university of Mississippi, or the seminary fund, is hereby repealed." The legislature thus resumed to itself the power over the fund, which in the original charter it had delegated to the board; and it is to the legislature that the university is compelled from time to time to resort for further supplies, as the necessity of widening its field of usefulness and improving its means of imparting knowledge renders them desirable. The present board of trustees of the university consists of the governor, ex-officio president, with a secretary and treasurer, and eleven other members. A review of the attendance since the re-opening of the exercises of the university presents the following statistics : Number in attendance since 1865— Session of 1865–66. 193 1866–67. 246 1867-768 231 1868–69... 214 The number of volumes in the library is about five thousand. NORMAL SCHOOL. At act to provide for the establishment of a normal school has been recently passed, appropriating $4,000 to be expended under the direction of the board of trustees-$2,500 for teachers' salaries, $1,000 for aid to pupils, and $500 for furniture and apparatus. SCHOOL OFFICERS. The superintendent of public education is the Hon. H. R. Pease, Jackson. County superintendents have recently been appointed, but no list of them has reached this Bareau. MISSOURI. Number of children in the State between 5 and 21 years. 584, 026 249, 727 17, 702 7, 146 $38 60 $29 81 The number of public schools in the State is : primary, 5,244; high, 63. 587 Number of private schools .. 707 Average number of months taught 4.6 Value of school-houses in the State. $3,087, 682 30 Value of furniture and apparatus... $58, 071 77 Expended for teachers' wages. $864, 672 39 Expended for building school-houses $390, 450 21 Expended for repairing school-houses $34, 682 50 Expended for renting rooms $13, 741 98 Total amount of township fund ... $2, 184, 171 00 Total amount of county fund $801, 896 00 Number of school libraries in the State... 12 Number of teachers' institutes held.. 95 Number of members of institutes.... 2, 377 SCHOOLS FOR COLORED CHILDREN. This State has a larger proportion of schools for colored children than any former slave State. The statistics from forty counties, given as representative of the remainder of the State in that respect, show the number of children of color to be 13,180; the number of school-houses for them, 80; number of schools, public and private, 102; teachers, 101; pupils, 3,664. Opposition to the education of the colored people is rapidly disappearing. Their rapid improvement and good conduct help to disarm prejudice. A normal school for the training of colored teachers is an urgent necessity. There is a school-Lincoln In stitute-now in the fourth year of successful operation in Jefferson City, possessing an endowment fund of $7,000, which, on a small scale, and with limited means, is doing good work in the right direction. It owns no building and is able to maintain but one teacher. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM. The constitution of the State declares that “A general diffusion of knowledge and intelligence being essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties of the people, the general assembly shall establish and maintain free schools for the gratuitous instruction of all persons in this State between the ages of five and twenty-one years." The growth of public education by the State has been slow, and by forced methods, at times in advance of popular favor; and yet far behind the enlightened position of other States. The laws upon the subject seem to have been the product of a few statesmen, who appeared at intervals in our history, and who, in the face of a well-known social protest, pushed forward with great energy the development of this public economy by the way of a public intelligence. The first general act upon the subject was passed in 1824. It was crude and ineffective, but was improved in 1835. Another was passed in 1839, which was revised in 1853, when superintendence of school affairs was provided for. Another complete revision was had in 1865, and this again amended in 1868, giving an average trial of about eleven years to each law. From a large personal acquaintance with them, and from a large correspondence, I am assured that no State in the West is more fortunate than ours in the character and quality of its public school teachers. Yet it must be acknowledged that the great body are migratory, and do not, and cannot, exhibit the professional devotion requisite to the success of those who are set apart by special training and led by a conscious adaptation for the work, rather than forced to it by the spur of necessity. In the sub-districts there are about seven thousand directors, and nearly one thousand in the several cities and towns, who are performing responsible work without compensation. Their office is one purely honorary; and yet it demands a degree of intelligence and expenditure of time and labor that represent a large money value. No duties more important, more delicate, more difficult, are undertaken in any other department of the Commonwealth. County superintendents perform their multifarious duties at an expense of time, travel, labor, correspondence, visitation from neighborhood to neighborhood, and conference with school officers, with no corresponding income from that expenditure. But two items are in many cases sufficient to occupy the sixty days for which alone they are allowed compensation by law, viz, the collection and preparation of the county statiscal reports, and organizing and establishing county institutes. Yet in addition to these many other duties devolve upon them which should occupy the whole year, if properly fulfilled. Consequently more resignations of county superintendents occur than of any other officers in the State. “We cannot afford it," is the invariable excuse. The Missouri system of teachers' institutes was begun in 1866. At present about one hundred counties have organizations to a greater or less extent, assimilating the character of a well-conducted institute. Some of them rank in number, tone, influence, and general character with those of many years' standing in older States. This rapid organization has been effected without any support from the legislature, and in many |
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