of trade they know and feel, and in some respects it-weeks in a year-months in a year-their names," is pleasing to the natural inclinations. The study of &c. Brother Mackey has commenced translating a books requires another kind of exertion, less enter- series of simple Scripture questions, chiefly historitaining, and less welcome to their untutored minds. cal. In the Sabbath-school they have a series of They do not like restraint of any kind, and will not doctrinal questions. voluntarily come under any, unless some advantage is supposed to follow. I think it is quite probable that many are influenced by the hope of reaping additional advantage for trade.

The parents do not require their boys to attend; if they do aught favourable it is in the way of advice. There is indeed an inducement now to the boys, which did not before obtain. We have given them to understand that when we want boys to work for us, we will give that work to those who attend school regularly, in preference to those who do not, and perhaps exclusively to the former. This, no doubt, has its effect. The little boys often want "a cloth," or "shirt," and if they attend school regularly they can get work, and in the way of pay receive the article they need.

Brother Mackey has avoided "donating" (as much as might be) as setting a bad precedent, very troublesome to the missionary, and productive of little, if any good. It is better to encourage industry than beggary.

Since the school has been in operation, Capt. Lhas been here two or three times, and the schooner

As we have but one session each day, and that one for so short time, it cannot be expected that the scholars will make such rapid progress as if we had two sessions daily. Brother Mackey does not think it prudent or desirable for me to undertake an afternoon session, for the present, at least; and here I may say, by way of explanation, that when brother Mackey says he "dreads another suspension," &c., he does not intend to say that he expects a suspension, but that he so feels the importance of the school continuing in operation without interruption, and so fears the results of a suspension, that he prefers to err on the safe side.

As to the future we know not. We think its prospects good. It is promising, judging from the present; still we have not sufficient data to speak confidently. We think and hope, but we cannot predict. With the blessing of God the effort will not be in vain.

INDIA: FURRUKHABAD MISSION.

JOURNAL OF THE REV. A. H. SEELEY.

(Continued from page 216.)

"Cortes" twice. Capt. B has been in the Moon- Tour in the Districts of Furrukhabad and Mynpoorie dah, and French vessels, two or three-I am not sure but others. So that the people have been much of the time going and coming.

He at last became

Dec. 14.-This morning, after a ride of ten miles Two classes were formed in the "First Reading over an excellent road, we found our tents pitched Book" the first day. These had such previous ad- medans. Before breakfast, went to the bazár, and near a large village, composed of Hindus and Mohamvantages as enabled them to read in easy lessons. from the steps of a large temple, held a long discusThe other scholars began with the alphabet. Many sion with a pandit, on the comparative excellences thought they could read go go, u-p up, &c., but I of Christianity and Hinduism. I drew my argument thought not. They could say them-having learned them by rote-but did not know the letters when against his religion, from the impious and false prefound elsewhere. At present there are six classes, cepts of the shastres, the acknowledged gross wickall in the First Reader. The first and second classes his religion had produced. Upon these points he edness of their gods, and the dreadful fruit which are nearly through the book; the third class are could say but little in reply. This he knew very doing well, though slow in progress; they are in the well, and therefore made a constant effort to turn twelfth lesson, reading such simple sentences as from the point under discussion. Whenever he did "God sees us all the day long;" "God sees us in the dark;" "God made the sun and moon;" "God made so, I appealed to the crowd who were standing us to love and serve him," &c. The fourth class around, to notice how unfair he was in trying to are in the seventh lesson; the fifth and sixth are just escape without answering me. out of the alphabet, and all others are in their A B C. angry. This, of course, gave me a still greater adThey do not accomplish as much as I would like, the temple; this I refused to do, and appealed to the vantage over him. He insisted upon my leaving but this is the beginning of such matters, and they are not as well prepared to make the most of a little people if I had not a right to stand there. They decided in my favour. He then said, "he did not as I hope they will be by and by. The school is a voluntary thing, so far as the people of the other want to hear my talk any longer." I told him the towns are concerned. Of course we require the atpeople did, and therefore I should not stop until I tendance of those who live with us. As to the got ready. He now became very pious, and went others, we advise them, and tell them some of the veniently could in worshipping the image. After into the temple, and made as much noise as he conadvantages-the greatest of which is that they may read, each for himself, the word of God. We have talking to the people awhile about Christ and the endeavoured to make them understand and feel that way of salvation through him, I returned to the tent. the object of our coming here is to tell them about brick house, built by a wealthy merchant living in Connected with the temple is a large, substantial God, and the way to be saved, and desire them to the city of Furrukhabad, for the accommodation of know God's will, and for this end chiefly are anxious to have them learn to read, that they may search the pilgrims who travel back and forth to their different shrines. About 11 o'clock I visited it, and found Scriptures, which are able to make them wise unto twelve pilgrims then in it, most of whom were engaged in cooking their food, which they receive free. The proprietor furnishes them with flour, salt, and fuel; with these they prepare their simple meal, and then pursue their journey. I was told that about fifty each day are fed in this way.

salvation.

The school opens at 8 o'clock, A. M., with prayer and closes about 10, A. M. After the recitations, if time permits, they are exercised in a few simple questions, such as "How many days in a week there are-how many days in a year-how many hours in a day-minutes in an hour-seconds in a minute VOL. IV.-18

An old man was sitting on one side of the open court cooking when I went in; he was nearly naked,

his hair matted with dirt, and his face marked after the manner of his sect. He had cleared a space about five feet square; this he had carefully washed with water mixed with cow dung. On one side of this holy spot, he had made a small fire of dried cow dung; in a small brass platter before him, he was kneading dough; when it was prepared to his liking, he took a piece in his hands, and having moulded it in the form of a large pancake, placed it upon the fire before him. Of course his cake was burnt and smoked, but he did not seem to care for this. In turning partly round to speak with a friend, I placed my foot within about four inches of the consecrated spot; this I did intentionally, in order to see what he would do. He instantly arose, and placing his hands together, begged that I would not touch the spot on which he was cooking his food, for it would then be polluted, and he would have to throw it all away. I assured him I had no intention of making either him or his food unholy. He seemed very thankful for this avowal, and at once resumed his posture and work.

This poor old man had been to Badrinath, and was now on his way to Prág and Káshi, and other places of pilgrimage. He said he was seeking salvation, and hoped in this way to obtain the forgiveness of his sins, and the favour of the Lord. There is no doubt but that many of these pilgrims are sincere, for it would seem that nothing but the deepest delusion and the utmost sincerity, could induce these poor, miserable wanderers, to lead lives of such sorrow and want.

19th. Mr. Freeman preached to an attentive audience, composed of servants and others, who came to get books and tracts; some seemed really to be inquiring as to the true religion. Still, hypocrisy is so deeply rooted in the minds of this people, and they know so well how to assume a mask to accomplish what they wish, that it is difficult to know their real sentiments from either their words or actions. In the evening, visited a small village, and talked awhile to a few ignorant men and boys, without much satisfaction to myself, or, I fear, bene

fit to them.

of a Redeemer who could offer an atonement for sin, and that Christ is this Redeemer. He then drew a comparison between the Hindu incarnation and the incarnation of Christ, and in this way showed that they could hope for nothing from Rám or Krishnu, or any other of their many gods, for they were stained with sin and notoriously wicked; while through Christ, who was holy, they could obtain salvation. All gave a ready assent to every thing which was said, but were evidently glad when we got ready to leave.

Arrived at our tents about sundown, and found all the servants, in great tumult, gathered around a snake which they had just killed; it was a little more than five feet long. They called it Dhámin, and commenced giving me frightful accounts of the deadliness of its bite, the speed with which it ean run, and the dreadful wounds which it often inflicts with its tail. One said, "there is another no doubt here somewhere." "Yes," said another, "and who can sleep to-night?" Knowing how clever natives are in making out a fine story, I began to doubt as to the truth of what they had said to me about the snake, and told them so. They all affirmed that there was "no kind of doubt about it." "Everybody knows it." As I had never heard of the snake before, I went into my tent to look for the meaning of the word Dhámin, and found the definition "a harmless kind of serpent"—so much dependence can be placed upon the stories of natives. The desire to tell something marvellous is universal.

22d.-Walked ten miles, and visited three villages. All the people ignorant, none being able to read, and the victims of the most miserable and degrading superstitions.

24th.-Reached Kirowli, a large village in the district of Mynpoorie. In the bazár, Mr. Freeman and the catechist preached to a large audience. In the afternoon, we all visited an English school supported by a Zamíndár, and taught by a young man who learned English in the mission-school at Furrukhabad; there were about sixty boys in attendance, studying English, Hindu, and Urdu. It was pleasing to find this school, and the more so as it is 20th. Mr. Campbell and I started to visit two the result of the voluntary effort of this man. He villages which lay about three miles from our tents. was pleased to think that we took the trouble to visit In the first, we found several poor, besotted persons, it. He said he found so many boys running around who seemed incapable of understanding anything the streets, and growing up in ignorance and vice, said to them on the subject of religion, while they that he started the school to see if he could not do were very quick in understanding anything said them some good. He is a very intelligent, active, about their village, or crops, or cattle. One man and enterprising man, and showed us many certifisaid "they were poor farmers, and it was their busi- cates of character which the different magistrates, ness to think of what they should eat, and the judges, and physicians of Mynpoorie had given to Brahmans, to remember God and worship him." him. When we returned from the school we found Another, when asked what he worshipped, said he worshipped God. "And do you not worship idols, and trees, and animals, and brahmans?" "Yes, sir," he said, with an idiotic laugh, "I see you know all about the Hindu religion."

At the next village we found a greater number of hearers, and far more intelligent than the one we had left. About fifteen persons were sitting around a rude sugar-mill; some were engaged in grinding the cane, others in boiling the juice, and, as usual, some smoking the hukka. The head-man was very kind, and treated us to as much sugar as we chose to eat. We told them that when in our own country, we heard of their ignorance of the true God, and in pity for them had come expressly to tell them about him. Most of them stopped work while Mr. Camp. bell explained to them the character of God, his holiness and justice. He showed them the necessity

six large elephants, belonging to the East India Company, chained a little way from our tents; the drivers were engaged in feeding them, one of whom was in a great rage at some one, and he made so much noise that I went to where he was. He did not see me coming, and as I was just upon him his anger was at its highest pitch, and he pulled off his shoe and fell to beating a woman that was squatting behind some of the traps. I called to him to stop, which he soon did. I asked him if he was not ashamed to beat a woman. "My wife is so wicked, what can I do if I do not beat her?" said he; "she gave me abuse, very bad abuse, and what can I do?" "But did you not call her bad names, and abuse her with your tongue?" He confessed he had. By this time a crowd had gathered around, and he seemed much ashamed, and promised he would not beat his wife any more.

26th.-Started about sunrise, and returned to our disposal is very small, and it was necessary to tents at 11 o'clock, having visited three villages, two divide it into so many portions, it was never very reof them composed entirely of farmers; in the other munerative, and not near enough for their support. met several Brahmans, none of them, however, could We were therefore compelled to provide something read. I took the occasion to make some remarks else for them, and so they earn the balance of their upon the false and ridiculous claims of the Brah-subsistence in the tent factory. Some of those lately mans; showed that they were like other men sinful married gain a livelihood altogether in the tentand corrupt by nature and practice, and entirely un-making business. Two of our young men are assistworthy to be called the religious guides of others, ants in the tent department, and take a very large for how can the blind lead the blind. One man said share of its management off from the Superintendent he liked what was said about the pretension of the of the Asylum. The women earn two or three ruBrahmans, and the sin of worshipping idols, but he pees per month, by knitting and spinning, and in did not like our religion, for it allowed us to kill this way aid their husbands and are kept usefully animals, which he considered one of the greatest employed. The lace which they knit has a very resins. I charged him with taking away life; this he spectable market, but we cannot dispose of it as fast stoutly denied, until I made some specifications; the as it is made. Still we find that when all are concrowd laughed, and said, Yes, he is guilty of the stantly employed, everything in the village gets on very same sin which he has brought against Chris- harmoniously, and we therefore feel disposed to help tians. I showed that the great cruelty practised on this work as much as is possible. The most of upon oxen and other animals by the Hindus was far the villagers having been brought up in the Asylum, worse than killing them at once. always dependent on others, and knowing but little 28th. As Mr. Campbell and I were returning of the ways of the world, found it at first exceedingfrom a long walk, during which we had visited two ly difficult to manage for themselves. In every diffivillages, we came upon three persons just at dark, culty, and I may say, in almost every thing they sitting at the roadside before a stone image placed did, they would go to the missionary for advice and upon a small mound of earth. They had lighted a direction. This, to a certain extent, was right and lamp, which was burning before the god, and were proper, but became after a while so constant as to just making their offerings to it, consisting of flowers be annoying to the missionary, by breaking in on and Ganges water. Mr. Campbell reasoned with his other employments, and wasting his time, besides them, and tried to convince them of the great fool-being positively disadvantageous to the villagers ishness and sin of worshipping a stone. One who could read concluded to go with us for a tract. None but those who live in heathen lands know the depth and corruption of heathenism. God grant that the time may soon come when all idols shall be given to the moles and the bats, and the truth as it is in Christ shall cover the whole earth!

THE CHRISTIAN VILLAGE, ISAIPUR. BY THE REV. J.
J. WALSH: SEPTEMBER 7, 1852.

[Concluded from p. 245.]

Their Support and Employments. The support of our native Christians has always been a subject of various thought and solicitude. We have introduced several branches of manual labour for them, the first of which was the manufacturing of carpets, which at that time were in great demand. But as the market for these carpets came to be supplied, and many other weaving establishments were introduced in different parts of the country, we found the demand so moderated as not to give us constant employment. And besides, after a close examination of the subject, we found that the making of rugs and carpets was not so remunerative as was at first supposed, and were consequently forced to give it up altogether. There are carpets made up at the Asylum ten or twelve years ago which are in use to this day, and highly prized by the parties owning them. The next article of manufacture was tent-making and shortly after this, the refining of saltpetre was added. The tent department, which is still continued, flourished beyond our expectations, but the refining of saltpetre proved a failure, owing to the fluctuating state of the market and the risk of shipment to Calcutta. The villagers have now become quite expert with the needle, and the tent-making business furnishes them with the means of permanent support, and a respectable position in society. Besides this, some of the men are farming the land given us by Government for the benefit of the Asylum. But as the land at our

themselves, by their not exercising any confidence in
their own plans and arrangements: nor at first were
they content with merely making demands on the
time of the missionary, but frequently they would
come for money, and with the demand, or request
rather, repeat such a sad story of their grievances as
to render it almost impossible to withhold the re-
quired assistance. This, however, involved them in
debt, and in consequence of the number requiring
aid, made in the aggregate a large draft on the
Asylum, from whose funds the advances were made.
At last this sum become so large that it was thought
best to stop all advances, and teach our people to
rely on themselves. This required some firmness,
but it was tried, and has, we are happy to say, suc-
ceeded. There was some fear that they might apply
to other parties, and by borrowing from the heathen
involve themselves in inextricable difficulty. But
this has not been the case, and we indulge the hope
that their condition will so continue to improve
year by year, as to make them quite independent
of others. Two of our native Catechists live in the
village, and are employed in making known the gos-
pel to the heathen around us. They daily visit the
bazárs and villages, and by distributing tracts and
conversing with the people, are accomplishing a
good work. In regard to their spiritual interests, we
We have two
are trying to do as much as we can.
services on the Sabbath, which they attend, and one
on Wednesday evening. We have all the villagers
assembled on Sabbath mornings in a Bible-class,
when a chapter is read and explained to them, and
there is a Sabbath-school for the smaller children.
Before concluding these remarks, let me advert to

The future prospects of the Village.
Every one acquainted with this little colony of
Christians, must feel more or less interested in
them, but none so much as those who have to watch
over, and care for them. One great source of anxiety
to the missionary in India, is the temporal necessi-
ties of native Christians and inquirers. Cut off from

FREEMAN: APRIL 19, 1853.
Preaching in the Villages.

all the sympathies and aid of his relations and hea- our people cleanly dressed, and listening to the then companions, and persecuted and abused by word of God. To the successful working of this almost every one, the native convert or inquirer is plan, it would be necessary to have one of the Misplaced in very embarrassing and distressing circum-sionaries stationed in the village, not only to constances. He may be willing to earn his own liveli- duct the necessary religious services, but also to hood, but where is he to find employment. This is a watch over and direct their conduct. And he could matter of constant recurrence, and forces itself fre- make the village the central point of a systematic quently on our attention. What can be done to course of itineration. With the Catechists he could remedy this state of things, and give Christianity a visit a certain number of villages regularly, and by standing? Now it seems to me, that if we had a attention to the sick and giving medicines, secure large village in our possession, to which was attach-the esteem of all the people. In conclusion, I caned enough land for some three or four hundred peo- not but believe much every way, and in a short time, ple to cultivate, we could meet every case of this would result from such a system. But whether the kind, and put our native Christians in a position to plan proposed be carried out or not, I cannot close acquire respectability, and exert a very strong influ- these remarks without requesting every reader to ence in favour of true religion. I would therefore remember in their daily approaches to the throne of propose that one of the neighbouring villages within grace, their brethren, the Christian inhabitants of four miles of Futtehgurh be purchased and arrange- Isaipur. ments be made for the removal of our Christian colony. Farming is the best resource for native NOTICES OF A MISSIONARY TOUR, BY THE REV. J. E. Christians, as it is not only more free from vice and temptations, but more congenial to the growth of real vital religion. We have not room to On entering a village twelve miles from Mynpuspread where we are, and we cannot always rely rie, we were met by the head-man of the village, on factory labour. Our tent business is now attended by some pandits, or religious teachers, one flourishing, but during the past year two new of whom was to open a school on the part of Governtent factories have been established, which may divert ment. From all we received a respectful salutation, a good portion of the orders sent to us. We which we as respectfully returned. After taking cannot rely on this with certainty for any length of our seat, by invitation, at the door of the chief of time, and besides, the possession of a large village the village, we took occasion to set forth truth under would obviate all uncertainty and enable us to attain the word Salam. This salutation is often made as a our highest wishes in the best and most expeditious matter of ceremony, and sometimes as a mark of manner. The outlay for such a village would be respect, but the Christian's salutation carries with it large, but there can be no doubt that such a measure the desire and the prayer of the heart that it may would be the most judicious and safe investment. It be well with the person to whom it was given. Sinwould be a refuge to all who may feel disposed to cerity of heart, and purity of heart, were alike releave heathenism and find safety in Christianity. quired of all who would thus offer this salutation. We can speak more decidedly on the subject from The state of heart here required was what none but the fact that the experiment has been tried in the God could give, and this effected through Christ, by village of Chitaura near Agra, by the Baptist Mis- the aid of the Holy Spirit. The people listened with sionaries, and has succeeded in a most wonderful interest to this new doctrine of good will to others, manner. And there is no risk in the experiment, as as implied in our daily intercourse with the people. landed property will always find purchasers in case A few days after this the chief met me, when he it was found expedient to abandon the village. And said he would call and see me at my house in Mynwe need not entertain many fears that we would not purie. be able to pay the government rent every year for Twenty-two miles from Mynpurie. As the vilthe land, as the Zamindars, who are the holders lagers collected around us, there came with them an of the village property, have immense profits, which old pandit, and the only one of the village, and perwould cover all the losses by inexperience, &c., during haps the large circle came more to greet the old man the first two years. The expenses of the Asylum than to listen to our communications. He had been would be reduced to a very small sum, as there are absent one month. We questioned him as to the but few of the orphans left, and very little prospect profit, either of body or spirit, which he had received of obtaining any more. Those who remain could by his long and weary journey. He frankly congive their whole time to the improvement of their fessed that he had received nothing, except a book minds and religious culture without any manual on astrology, and that he bought with his own labour. There are some sickly and blind, who must money. With the Bible in our hand, we presented ever remain in the Asylum, and these might be made the only object of worship; and the only way of puriuseful in other ways. The desirableness of our hav-fication, through the blood of the Lamb was pressed ing a village near Futtehgurh, sufficiently large for upon all. Moreover, we urged upon the people that our purpose, I think cannot admit of a doubt, and if all labour in search of the true and living God was the plan proposed be carried out, we would soon be profitable, and sure to end in the happiness of all enabled to make a very deep and favourable impres- thus employed. This labour, each could perform at sion on the people of the surrounding villages. They his own house, and in the midst of his friends. The would see, I trust, examples of that gospel which we Bible was a fountain of truth; the more we knew of preach to them and others. And the contrast between it, the more we loved it, and desired to meditate this Christian village and their own could not fail to upon it. Knowledge increased love, and love inproduce the most salutary influence; and particularly creased desire. The people seeing that we had our manner of keeping the Sabbath. For all toil walked far, and talked long, offered us some sugar would be suspended-no plough, or sickle, no mill or to refresh us. We accepted the offer, as an expreswork of any kind would be in motion, and instead of sion of the kind feeling of this simple people. the wrangling and boisterous abuse heard in their own villages, they would see quietness, and peace,

At Bajni, upon inquiring for the Zamindar of the village, we were informed that he was blind. We