31. The general assembly shall have full power to exclude from the privilege of electing, or being elected, any person convicted of bribery, perjury, or other infamous crime.

32. The general assembly shall have no power to grant divorces, but may authorize the courts of justice to grant them for such causes as may be specified by law: Provided, that such laws be general and uniform in their operation.

33. The general assembly shall never grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer, agent, servant, or contractor, after the service shall have been rendered, or the contract entered into.

34. The general assembly shall direct by law in what manner suits may be brought against the state.

35. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize lotteries for any purpose, nor to revive or extend the charter of the state bank, or the charter of any other bank heretofore existing in this state, and shall pass laws to prohibit the sale of lottery-tickets in this state.

36. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize, by private or special law, the sale of any lands or other real estate belonging in whole or in part to any individual or individuals.

37. Each general assembly shall provide for all the appropriations necessary for the ordinary and contingent expenses of the government until the adjournment of the next regular session, the aggregate amount of which shall not be increased without a vote of two-thirds of each house, nor exceed the amount of revenue authorized by law to be raised in such time: Provided, the state may, to meet casual deficits or failures in revenues, contract debts never to exceed in the aggregate, fifty thousand dollars; and the moneys thus borrowed shall be applied to the purpose for which they were obtained, or to repay the debt thus made, and to no other purpose; and no other debt, except for the purpose of repelling invasion, suppressing insurrection, or defending the state in war (for payment of which the faith of the state shall be pledged), shall be contracted, unless the law authorizing the same shall, at a general election, have been submitted to the people, and have received a majority of all the votes cast for members of the general assembly at such election. The general assembly shall provide for the publication of said law for three months, at least, before the vote of the people shall be taken upon the same; and provision shall be made, at the time, for the payment of the interest annually, as it shall accrue, by a tax levied for the purpose, or from other sources of revenue; which law, providing for the payment of such interest by such tax, shall be irrepealable until such debt be paid: And provided, further, that the law levying the tax shall be submitted to the people with the law authorizing the debt to be contracted.

38. The credit of the state shall not, in any manner, be given to, or in aid of, any individual, association, or corporation.

39. The general assembly shall provide, by law, that the fuel and stationery furnished for the use of the state, the copying, printing, binding, and distributing the laws and journals, and all other printing ordered by the general assembly, shall be let, by contract, to the lowest responsible bidder; and that no member of the general assembly, or other officer of the state, shall be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any such contract: Provided, that the general assembly may fix a maximum price.

40. Until there shall be a new apportionment of senators and representatives, the state shall be divided into senatorial and representative districts; and the senators and representatives shall be apportioned among the several districts as follows, viz.:

Senatorial Districts.

1. The counties of Alexander, Union, Pulaski, Johnson, Massac, Pope, and Har din, shall constitute the first senatorial district, and shall be entitled to one senator.

2. The counties of Gallatin, Saline, Williamson, Franklin, and White, shall constitute the second senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

3. The counties of Jefferson, Wayne, Marion, and Hamilton, shall constitute the third senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

4. The counties of Washington, Perry, Randolph, and Jackson, shall constitute the fourth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

5. The counties of St. Clair and Monroe, shall constitute the fifth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

6. The counties of Madison and Clinton, shall constitute the sixth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

7. The counties of Christian, Shelby, Montgomery, Bond, and Fayette, shall ccnstitute the seventh senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

8. The counties of Effingham, Jasper, Clay, Richland, Lawrence, Edwards, and

Wabash, shall constitute the eighth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

9. The counties of Edgar, Clark, and Crawford, shall constitute the ninth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

10. The counties of Vermilion, Champaign, Piatt, Moultrie, Coles, and Cumberland, shall constitute the tenth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

11. The counties of Tazewell, M'Lean, Logan, De Witt, and Macon, shall constitute the eleventh senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

12. The counties of Sangamon, Menard, and Mason, shall constitute the twelfth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

13. The counties of Macoupin, Jersey, Greene, and Calhoun, shall constitute the thirteenth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

14. The counties of Morgan, Scott, and Cass, shall constitute the fourteenth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

15. The counties of Adams and Pike shall constitute the fifteenth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

16. The counties of M'Donough, Schuyler, Brown, and Highland, shall constitute the sixteenth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

17. The counties of Hancock and Henderson shall constitute the seventeenth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

18. The counties of Fulton and Peoria shall constitute the eighteenth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

19. The counties of Rock Island, Henry, Mercer, Warren, Knox, and Stark, shall constitute the nineteenth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

20. The counties of La Salle, Bureau, Putnam, Marshall, Woodford, Livingston, and Grundy, shall constitute the twentieth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

21. The counties of Du Page, Kendall, Will, and Iroquois, shall constitute the twenty-first senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

22. The counties of Ogle, Lee, De Kalb, and Cane, shall constitute the twentysecond senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

23. The counties of Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Carroll, and Whiteside, shall constitute the twenty-third senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

24. The counties of M'Henry, Boone, and Winnebago, shall constitute the twentyfourth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

25. The counties of Cook and Lake shall constitute the twenty-fifth senatorial district, and be entitled to one senator.

Representative Districts.

1. The counties of Union, Alexander, and Pulaski, shall constitute the first representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

2. The counties of Massac, Pope, and Hardin, shall constitute the second representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

3. The counties of Gallatin and Saline shall constitute the third representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

4. The counties of Johnson and Williamson shall constitute the fourth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

5. The counties of Jackson and Franklin shall constitute the fifth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

6. The counties of Marion, Jefferson, Wayne, and Hamilton, shall constitute the sixth representative district, and be entitled to three representatives: Provided, that no county in said district shall have more than one of said representatives, and the county from which a senator shall be selected, shall not be entitled to a representative residing in said county.

7. The county of White shall constitute the seventh representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

8. The counties of Wabash and Edwards shall constitute the eighth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

9. The counties of Lawrence and Richland shall constitute the ninth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

10. The counties of Crawford and Jasper shall constitute the tenth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

11. The county of Coles shall constitute the eleventh representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

12. The county of Clark shall constitute the twelfth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

13. The counties of Cumberland, Effingham, and Clay, shall constitute the thirteenth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

14. The county of Fayette shall constitute the fourteenth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

15. The counties of Montgomery, Bond, and Clinton, shall constitute the fifteenth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

1 The counties of Washington and Perry shall constitute the sixteenth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

17. The county of Randolph shall constitute the seventeenth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

18. The county of Monroe shall constitute the eighteenth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

19. The county of St. Clair shall constitute the nineteenth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

20. The county of Madison shall constitute the twentieth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

21. The county of Macoupin shall constitute the twenty-first representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

22. The counties of Jersey and Green shall constitute the twenty-second representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

23. The county of Scott shall constitute the twenty-third representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

24. The county of Morgan shall constitute the twenty-fourth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

25. The counties of Cass and Menard shall constitute the twenty-fifth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

26. The county of Sangamon shall constitute the twenty-sixth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

27. The counties of Mason and Logan shall constitute the twenty-seventh representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

28. The county of Tazewell shall constitute the twenty-eighth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

29. The counties of M'Lean and De Witt shall constitute the twenty-ninth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

30. The county of Vermilion shall constitute the thirtieth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

31. The county of Edgar shall constitute the thirty-first representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

32. The counties of Champaign, Piatt, Moultrie, and Macon, shall constitute the thirty-second representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

33. The counties of Shelby and Christian shall constitute the thirty-third representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

34. The counties of Pike and Calhoun shall constitute the thirty-fourth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

35. The counties of Adams, Highland, and Brown, shall constitute the thirty-fifth representative district, and be entitled to three representatives.

36. The county of Schuyler shall constitute the thirty-sixth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

37. The county of Hancock shall constitute the thirty-seventh representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

38. The county of M'Donough shall constitute the thirty-eighth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

39. The county of Fulton shall constitute the thirty-ninth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

40. The county of Peoria shall constitute the fortieth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

41. The county of Knox shall constitute the forty-first representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

42. The counties of Mercer, Warren, and Henderson, shall constitute the forty-second representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

43. The counties of Rock Island, Henry, and Stark, shall constitute the forty-third representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

44. The counties of Whiteside and Lee shall constitute the forty-fourth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

45. The counties of Carroll and Ogle shall constitute the forty-fifth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

46. The counties of Jo Daviess and Stephenson shall constitute the forty-sixth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

47. The county of Winnebago shall constitute the forty-seventh representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

48. The counties of Putnam, Marshall, and Woodford, shall constitute the fortyeighth representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

49. The counties of La Salle, Grundy, Livingston, and Bureau, shall constitute the forty-ninth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

50. The counties of Du Page, Kendall, Will, and Iroquois, shall constitute the fiftieth representative district, and be entitled to three representatives.

51. The counties of Kane and De Kalb shall constitute the fifty-first representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

52. The counties of Boone and M'Henry shall constitute the fifty-second representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

53. The county of Lake shall constitute the fifty-third representative district, and be entitled to one representative.

54. The county of Cook shall constitute the fifty-fourth representative district, and be entitled to two representatives.

241. Until the general assembly shall otherwise provide, the clerks of the county commissioners' courts in each of the aforesaid senatorial districts, and in such of the representative districts as may be composed of more than one county, shall meet at the county-seat of the oldest county in said district, within thirty days next after any election for senator or representative therein, for the purpose of comparing and canvassing the votes given at such election; and the said clerks shall in all other respects conform to the laws on the subject in force at the time of the adoption of this constitution.

ARTICLE IV.-Of the Executive Department.

1. The executive power of the state shall be vested in a governor.

2. The first election of governor shall be held on Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, A. D. 1848; and the next election shall be held on Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, A. D. 1852; and thereafter an election for governor shall be held once in four years, on Tuesday next after the first Monday of November. The governor shall be chosen by the electors of the members of the general assembly, at the same places and in the same manner that they shall, respectively, vote for members thereof. The returns for every election of governor shall be sealed up, and transmitted to the seat of government, by the returning officers, directed to the speaker of the house of representatives, who shall open and publish them in the presence of a majority of the members of each house of the general assembly. The person having the highest number of votes shall be governor; but if two or more be equal and highest in votes, then one of them shall be chosen governor by joint ballot of both houses of the general assembly. Contested elections shall be determined by both houses of the general assembly, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.

3. The first governor shall enter upon the duties of his office on the second Monday of January, A. D. 1849, and shall hold his office until the second Monday of January, A. D. 1853, and until his successor shall have been elected and qualified; and thereafter the governor shall hold his office for the term of four years, and until his successor shall have been elected and qualified; but he shall not be eligible to such office more than four years in any term of eight years, nor to any other office until after the expiration of the term for which he was elected.

4. No person, except a citizen of the United States, shall be eligible to the office of governor; nor shall any person be eligible to that office, who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been ten years a resident of this state, and fourteen years a citizen of the United States.

5. The governor shall reside at the seat of government, and receive a salary of fifteen hundred dollars per annum, which shall not be increased or diminished; and he shall not, during the time for which he shall have been elected, receive any emolument from the United States, or either of them.

6. Before he enters upon the duties of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation, to wit: "I do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will faithfully execute the duties appertaining to the office of governor of the state of Illinois; and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of this state; and will, also, support the constitution of the United States."

7. He shall, from time to time, give the general assembly information of the state of the government, and recommend to their consideration, such measures as he shall deem expedient.

8. The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, after conviction, for all offences, except treason and cases of impeachment, upon such conditions and with such restrictions and limitations as he may think proper, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law, relative to the manner of applying for pardons. Upon conviction for treason, he shall have power to suspend the execution of the sentence, until the case shall be reported to the general assembly

at its next meeting, when the general assembly shall pardon the convict, conimute the sentence, direct the execution thereof, or grant a further reprieve. He shall, biennially, cominunicate to the general assembly each case of reprieve, commutation, or pardon granted, stating the name of the convict, the crime for which he was convicted, the sentence and its date, and the date of commutation, pardon, or reprieve. 9. He may require information in writing from the officers in the executive department, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.

10. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the general assembly by proclamation, and shall state, in said proclamation, the purpose for which they are to convene; and the general assembly shall enter on no legislative business, except that for which they were specially called together.

11. He shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of this state, and of the militia, except when they shall be called into the service of the United States.

12. The governor shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the senate (a majority of all the senators concurring), appoint all officers whose offices are established by this constitution, or which may be created by law, and whose appointments are not otherwise provided for; and no such officer shall be appointed or elected by the general assembly.

13. In case of disagreement between the two houses with respect to the time of adjournment, the governor shall have power to adjourn the general assembly to such time as he thinks proper, provided it be not to a period beyond the next constitutional meeting of the same.

14. A lieutenant-governor shall be chosen at every election of governor, in the same manner, continue in office for the same time, and possess the same qualifications. In voting for governor and lieutenant-governor, the electors shall distinguish whom they vote for as governor, and whom as lieutenant-governor.

15. The lieutenant-governor shall, by virtue of his office, be speaker of the senate, have a right, when in committee of the whole, to debate and vote on all subjects, and, whenever the senate are equally divided, to give the casting vote.

16. Whenever the government shall be administered by the lieutenant-governor, or he shall be unable to attend as speaker of the senate, the senators shall elect one of their own number as speaker for that occasion; and if, during the vacancy of the office of governor, the lieutenant-governor shall be impeached, removed from office, refuse to qualify, or resign, or die, or be absent from the state, the speaker of the senate shall, in like manner, administer the government.

17. The lieutenant-governor, while he acts as speaker of the senate, shall receive for his services the same compensation which shall, for the same period, be allowed to the speaker of the house of representatives, and no more.

18. If the lieutenant-governor shall be called upon to administer the government, and shall, while in such administration, resign, die, or be absent from the state, during the recess of the general assembly, it shall be the duty of the secretary of state, for the time being, to convene the senate for the purpose of choosing a speaker.

19. In case of the impeachment of the governor, his absence from the state, or inability to discharge the duties of his office, the powers, duties, and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the lieutenant-governor; and in case of his death, resignation, or removal, then upon the speaker of the senate for the time being, until the governor, absent or impeached, shall return or be acquitted; or until the disqualification or inability shall cease; or until a new governor shall be elected and qualified. 20. In case of a vacancy in the office of governor, for any other cause than those herein enumerated, or in case of the death of the governor elect before he is qualified, the powers, duties, and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the lieutenantgovernor, or speaker of the senate, as above provided, until a new governor be elected and qualified.

21. Every bill which shall have passed the senate and house of representatives, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have originated; and the said house shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, a majority of the members elected shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if ap proved by a majority of the members elected, it shall become a law, notwithstanding the objections of the governor; but in all such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, to be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the governor within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the general assembly shall, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case the said bill shall be returned on the first day of the meeting of the general assembly, after the expiration of said ten days, or be a law.