She bore her lingering illness with patience and resignation, gaining spiritual strength and comfort in the silent waiting of the sick-room, and passed quietly and peacefully away. WOLCOTT.—On Ninth mo. 20th, 1883, at | the residence of his son Augustus Wolcott, in East Orange, N. J., Henry W. Wolcott, of Eatontown, Monmouth co., N. J., in the 85th year of his age. For Friends' Intelligencer. FRANCIS DANIEL PASTORIUS, 1683. Two hundred years ago,in the early beginnings of the settlement of Pennsylvania (1683), there came from the German land a band of colonists to this new region, having for agent and leader a young and rising lawyer, Francis Daniel Pastorius, son of Judge Pastorius, of Windsheim. Pastorius, after adequate study, had received the degree of Doctor of Laws at Nuremburg, having attained a practical knowledge of international polity. law, Thomas Kemp, Harford co., Md., Mar- | event. Of the particulars of the demonstragaret B. Trimble, widow of Thomas Trimble, tion we have nothing to say, but must rejoice aged 74 years; a member of Little Falls that the memory of Pastorius is held dear by Monthly Meeting. those of his race after the lapse of centuries. Says the Ledger of this city of 10th mo. 9: "The historic event commemorated was the arrival of the first German colonists here in October, 1683. They were but thirteen families! Since then nearly four millions have followed. Leaving out the immigrants from Austria, 3,002,027 German immigrants came into the United States between the years 1820 and 1880. Those prior to 1820 and subsequently to 1879 should nearly complete the four millions. The descendants of these born in the United States make up a large percentage of the fifty-millions of Americans returned in the census of 1880. They constitute a great element of American progress. What their fatherland has lost and what the United States have gained must have been a thought in many minds among those who observed the display here, and in the other cities of the United States. Several of the strongest characteristics that marked the population of Pennsylvania in its earlier days were impressed upon it by the Irish and German immigrants, who were among the pioneer settlers of broad tracts of the territory of the Commonwealth, and these characteristics have continued ineffaceable to this day. The immigrants from these two nationalities came in almost parallel numbers for more than half a century, and either of the two surpass in numbers by far those from any other nation, and nearly all other nations combined. As early as 1680 he accepted the views of the German mystics of that day, who revived in the seventeenth century the spiritual faith and worship of Tauler and the "Friends of God" in the fourteenth. In this circle originated the Frankfort Land Company, which bought of William Penn, the Governor of Pennsylvania, a tract of land near the new city of Philadelphia. William Penn and some of his friends had in the year 1677 made a personal visit to Holland and Germany, ministering to such as they found of their spiritual kinsfolk, and preaching justice, mercy, and truth to those in authority who were inclined to oppress the sincere, and seeking ones who looked for more simplicity and more holiness in the profession and practice of Christianity. Their interesting interview with Elizabeth, Princess Palatine, granddaughter of James I, of England, at her Wesphalian residence is historic. The noble and courtly Englishmen ministered both to those of high and low degree, and in his personal intercourse with the German people doubtless laid the foundation of that large German emigration which has been so important an element in the peopling of Pennsylvania. William Penn, George Keith, and B. Furley made a visit to the city of Frankfort, where they had much religious service. At this time, we are told, the purchase of land was made and the first German colony to Pennsylvania was planned and organized. The German Bi-centenary which has just been commemorated with rejoicings in this city is held in memory of this interesting | "Francis Daniel Pastorius, the pioneer of the Germans, was an admirable character. Trained in the best schools of Germany, Basle, Jena, Ratisbon, Strasburg-he was a Doctor of Laws in his twenty-fifth year. Before his voyage to Philadelphia he had traveled in England, Ireland, France, and Italy. When he came here he spoke so little English that he had to converse with William Penn in French, and with Thomas Lloyd in Latin. He was a lawyer by education, and a Pietist or Mystic in religion. In Philadelphia he became a Friend; and in his Germantown settlement of the Frankfort Company, for whom he was agent, he was religious leader, magistrate (settling all disputes), and patriarch, though he was not quite thirty-two years of age when he landed here in August, 1683. More than this, he was an exemplar in scholarship, in gardening and fruit growing, in industry, and the inculcation of the principles of equal justice to all men. It was Pastorious who drafted, in the year 1688, the first testimony adopted by a religious body against the injustice of negro slavery. This was adopted by the Germantown meeting of Friends and sent up to the Yearly Meeting. Philadelphia consisted of but a few cottages when he arrived, all the other dwelling places being huts or caves; Pastorious himself dwelling in a cave, in October, 1683, as is set forth in the document certifying to the casting of lots for choice of land in the settlement of Germantown. So early as 1718 he was able to write of the Philadelphia of that day: 'God has made of a desert an enclosed garden, and the plantation about it a fruitful field.' was in the confession of an invisible Presence, a righteous, eternal Will, which would establish righteousness on the earth; and thence arose the conviction of a direct personal responsibility, which could be tempted by no external splendor and could be shaken by no internal agitation, and could not be evaded and transferred. The strength of the other was the witness in the human spirit to an eternal Word, an Inner Voice which spoke to each alone while yet it spoke to every man; a Light which each was to follow and which yet was the light of the world; and all other voices were silent before this, and the solitary path whither it led was more sacred than cathedral-aisles.' The pious and cultured German Mystics and the sturdy English Friends have long since been welded in one people with one Lord, one Faith and one Baptism. Even so we are sure that sect lines will be obliterated more and more, as under the light of free thought and the stimulus of the love of pure truth, mankind peacefully live out the principies of righteousness, and hail the brighter and fuller coming of the perfect day. It can do none of us any harm to recall so far as we may the services and example of our brethren gone before us. S. R. THE BOYHOOD OF JAMES NASMYTH. (Concluded from page 555.) Says Whittier: "The pilgrims of Plymouth have not lacked historian and poet. Justice has been done to their faith, courage, and selfsacrifice, and to the mighty influence of their endeavors to establish righteousness on the earth. The Quaker pilgrims of Pennsylvania, seeking the same object by different means, have not been equally fortunate. The power of their testimony for truth and holiness, peace and freedom, enforced only by what Milton calls 'the unresistible might of meekness,' has been felt through two centuries in the amelioration of penal severities, the abolition of slavery, the reform of the erring, the relief of the poor and suffering,--felt in brief in every step of human progress. But of the men themselves, with the single exception of William Penn, scarcely anything if known. Contrasted from the outset, with the stern agressive puritans of New England, they Mr. Nasmyth does not say much in praise have come to be regarded as a feeble folk, of the children's books of seventy years ago: with a personality as doubtful as their unre- "The good boy in those stories always ended corded graves. They were not soldiers like in a coach-and-four, and the bad boy in a Miles Standish; they had no figure so pic- ride to Tyburn. The good boys must have turesque as Vane, no leader so rashly brave been a set of little snobs and prigs, and I and haughty as Endicott. Mr. Cotton Mather could scarcely imagine that they could ever wrote their Magnalia; they had no awful have lived as they were represented in these drama of supernaturalism in which Satan'goody' books. If so, they must have been and his angels were actors; and the only witch mentioned in their simple annals was a poor old Swedish woman, who, on complaint of her countrymen, was tried and acquitted of everything but imbecility and folly. Nothing but commonplace offices of civility came to pass between them and the Indians; indeed, their enemies taunted them with the fact that the savages did not regard them as Christians, but just such men as themselves. "Yet it must be apparent to every careful observer of the progress of American civilization that its two principal currents are in the entirely opposite directions of the Puritan and Quaker colonies. To use the words of a late writer: 'The historical forces, with which no others may be compared in their influence on the people, have been those of the Puritan and the Quaker. The strength of the one the most tiresome and uninteresting vermin that can possibly be imagined. At school, he had some severe masters, aud "Our memohe did not much like Latin. ries were strained by being made to say off by heart,' as it was absurdly called, whole batches of grammatical rules, with all the botheration of irregular verbs and such like.” A good many modern boys would agree with "botherahim in classing these things as tions;" but how many could add, as he does: "Though I derived little benefit from my high school teaching, I derived one lesson which is of great use in after life: I mean as regards the performance of duty. I did my tasks punctually and cheerfully, though they were far from agreeable. This is an exercise in early life that is very useful in later years." It is interesting in reading the history of such a man to know that he was like other boys in his tastes. Like many earnestminded boys, I had a severe attack at the right time of life, say from twelve to fifteen, of what I would call 'the collecting period.' This consisted, in my case, of accumulating old coins. Sometimes, my father's friends gave me choice specimens of bronze and other coins of the Roman emperors. These coins had the effect of promoting my knowledge of Roman history. I read up, in order to find out the acts and deeds of the old rulers of the civilized world. Besides collecting, I used to make careful drawings of the obverse and reverse faces of each in an illustrated catalogue, which I kept in my little coin cabinet. "I remember one day, when sitting beside my father, making a very careful drawing of a fine bronze coin of Augustus, that Sir Walter Scott entered the room. He caught sight of me, and came forward to look over the work I was engaged in. At his request, I had the pleasure of showing him my little store of coin treasures, after which he took out of his waistcoat pocket a beautiful silver coin of the reign of Mary Queen of Scots and gave it to me, as being his young brother antiquarian.' I shall never forget the kind, fatherly way in which he presented it. I considered it a great honor to be spoken to in so friendly a way by such a man: besides, it vastly enriched my little collection of coins and medals." Young Nasmyth was very fond of making toys, kites, "young cannon," and "peeries," or spinning-tops. The peeries he turned on his father's foot-lathe, and shod them with steel. "They would spin twice as long as the bought peeries. When at full speed, they would 'sleep; that is, turn round without a particle of wavering. This was considered high art as regarded top-spinning." He also converted large cellar keys into a sort of hand-cannon, besides the little brass cannon that he cast and bored after proper fashion. Another thing that he learned at the high school was "the_blessing and advantage of friendship." He had several schoolfellows to whom throughout their life he was devotedly attached. Saturday afternoons were spent with these companions either on pic-nics or in the work-shops connected with a large iron foundry. In the latter place, he laid the foundations for his future unbounded success in mechanical operations. He was not afaid to take hold and work with his hands. He relied much more on these practical lessons than on anything he could read with reference to engineering. He did not much believe in boys trying to learn a trade by having their rich fathers pay an apprentice fee for them, because the boys were thought to be ingenious. This is what he says about it: "I often observe, in shop windows, every detail of model ships and model steam-engines supplied ready made for those who are said to be' of an ingenious and mechanical turn. Thus, the vital uses of resourcefulness are done away with; and a sham exhibition of mechanical genius is paraded before you by the young impostors, the result, for the most part, of too free a supply of pocket money. I have known too many instances of parents being led by such false evidence of constructive skill to apprentice their sons to some engineering firm, and, after paying vast sums, finding out that the pretender comes out of the engineering shop with no other practical accomplishment than that of glove-wearing and cigar-smoking." "The truth is that the eyes and the fingers-the bare fingers—are the two principal inlets to sound practial instruction. They are the chief sources of trustworthy knowledge in all the materials and operations which the engineer has to deal with. No book knowledge can avail for that purpose. The nature and properties of the materials must come in through the finger-ends. Hence, I have no faith in young engineers who are addicted to wearing gloves. Gloves, especially kid gloves, are perfect non-conductors of technical knowledge. This has really more to do with the efficiency of young aspirants for engineering success than most people are aware of. Yet kid gloves are now considered the genteel thing” (p.96.) While taking these practical lessons, he was also learning to draw with his father; and this habit of accurate drawing served him many a good turn in after years. He was constantly busy. Mind, hands, and body were kept in a state of delightful and instructive activity. At last, he began to make working models. of steam-engines, making the brass castings in his own bedroom; and these not only sold for a fair price, but were the means eventually of opening the doors to him of a famous establishment in London, where he could learn practical engineering under the celebrated Henry Maudsley. He began his work there on the moderate income of two dollars and a half a week. But he resolved to live within his income; and, to do this, he became his own cook. I sat to and made a drawing of a very simple, compact, and handy cooking apparatus. I took the drawing to a tinsmith near at hand; and, in two days, I had it in full operation. The apparatus cost ten shillings, | how he met and married the woman he including the lamp. As it contributed, in loved, how he made marvelous inventions. no small degree, to enable me to carry out and painted admirable pictures, and having my resolution; and, as it may serve as a amassed a fortune settled down in a charmlesson to others who have an earnest desire ing home of his own to devote the rest of to live economically, I think it may be use- his life to his favorite recreation the study ful to give a drawing and a description of of astronomy, constructing telescopes and my cooking stove. observing and photographing heavenly bodies. There is no end to the marvels of the book and of the man. And yet, after all, the thoughtful reader will feel that, over and above his talent, towers the noble soul of the man, who at the age of seventy-five could write: "I have heard a great deal about the ingratitude and selfishness of the world. It may have been my good fortune, but I have never experienced either of these unfeeling conditions. On the whole, I have found a great deal of unselfish kindness among my fellow beings. They have often turned out of their way to do me a service; and I can never be too grateful for the unwearied kindness, civility and generosity of my friends." "The cooking or meat pan rested on the upper rim of the external cylindrical case, and was easily removable in order to be placed handy for service. The requisite heat was supplied by an oil lamp with three small single wicks, though I found that one wick was enough. I put the meat in the pot, with the other comestibles, at nine o'clock in the morning. It simmered away all day, until half-past six in the evening, when I came home with a healthy appetite to enjoy my dinner. I well remember the first day that I set the apparatus to work. I ran to my lodging at about four P.M., to see how it was going on. When I lifted the cover, it was simmering beautifully; and such such a savory gusto came forth that I was almost tempted to fall to and discuss the contents. But the time had not yet come, and I ran back to my work. "The meat I generally cooked in it was leg of beef, with sliced potato, bits of onion chopped down, and a modicum of white pepper and salt, with just enough of water to cover the elements.' When stewed slowly, the meat became very tender; and the whole yielded a capital dish, such as a very Soyer might envy. It was partaken of with a zest that, no doubt, was a very important element in its savoriness. The whole cost of this capital dinner was about 41d. I some times varied the meat with rice boiled with a few raisins and a pennyworth of milk. My breakfast and tea, with bread, cost me about 4d. each. My lodgings cost 3s. 6d. a week. A little multiplication will satisfy any one how it was that I contrived to live economically and comfortably on my ten shillings a week. In the following year, my wages were raised to fifteen shillings a week; and then I began to take butter to my bread." BEING A BOY. One of the best things in the world to be is a boy; it requires no experience, though it needs some practice to be a good one. The disadvantage of the position is that he does not last long enough. It is soon over. Just as you get used to being a boy, you have to be something else, with a good deal more work to do, and not half so much fun. And yet every boy is anxious to be a man, and is very uneasy with the restrictions that are put upon him as a boy. There are so many bright spots in the life of a farm boy that I sometimes think I should like to live the life over again. I should almost be willing to be a girl if it were not for the chores. There is great comfort to a boy in the amount of work he can get rid of doing. It is sometimes astonishing how slow he can go on an errand. Perhaps he could'nt himself explain why, when he is sent to the neighbor's after yeast, he stops to stone the frogs. He is not exactly cruel, but he wants to see if he can hit 'em. It is a curious fact about boys, that two will be a great deal slower in doing anything than one. Boys have a great power of helping A boy, or man as he was by this time,-for each other do nothing. But say what you he was twenty-one.-willing to begin in this will about the general usefulness of boys, a simple, honest way, making perfection his farm without a boy would very soon come to motto, was sure to succeed; and succeed he | grief. He is always in demand. In the first did beyond his highest dreams. All the place, he is to do all errands, go to the store, steps to that success he shows, one by one, the post-office, and to carry all sorts of mesin his admirable autobiography. And, if these bits about his boyhood are interesting, the whole book will be a thousand times more so. There we see how he proved himself a skilled workman in London, how he began business for himself in Manchester, sages. He would like to have as many legs as a wheel has spokes, and rotate about in the same way. This he sometimes tries to do, and people who have seen him turning cartwheels " along the side of the road have supposed he was amusing himself and idling his time. He was only trying to invent a new mode of locomotion, so that he could economize his legs, and do his errands with greater dispatch. Leap-frog is one of his methods of getting over the ground quickly. He has a natural genius for combining pleasure with business.- Charles Dudley Warner. THE POET'S FUNERAL. [H. W. LONGFELLOW.]-BY F. N. ZABRISKIE. From college and from chapel spires The bells of Cambridge tolled; And through the world on trembling wires The saddening message rolled. They spake of one whose "Psalm of life " Had reached its rounded close, And in sublime doxology Before the Throne arose. 'The wayside inn no longer holds A "gleam of sunshine" o'er the world- The "woods in winter woods in winter" moan for him The earth-gleam and its gloom are gone—. He o'er "the bridge at midnight" passed Sandalphon's" hands have turned to flowers For us "the rainy day "—for him The "village blacksmith's arm has wrought The last link of the chain; The songs of many lands and men, "The happiest land" 's vernacular, The last" Excelsior!" "The River Charles" the message bears Out to the sobbing sea; "The birds of Killingworth And wander aimlessly; are mute By icy capes and southern bays, Let "Church-bells heard at evening" waft "The curfew" toll the embers out, Of one whose "day is done." Ring out once more, O bells of Lynn, O'er land and water call; "Belfry of Bruges," bid the shades Two angels," named of Life and Death, Throng to his funeral! Where the Moravian Nuns again Chant their triumphant hymn. King Olaf and King Robert march Miles Standish checks his martial step, And with a mystic bugle-note 11 To that "God's acre" gentle forms "The quadroon girl" will keep "Endymion," when the moon is hid, Adown the sky will slide; The phantom form of "Paul Revere' Will through the darkness ride; "Hyperion" with clouded brow Will wander there alone; The Baron of St. Castine sit And mourn as for his own. Mount Auburn sees a pilgrim-world Ascend her well-worn path, And garners 'mid her precious dead The "resignation" that he taught, And his own Consolation" soothe -Chris. Intelligencer. 'LOVE, hope, joy," says Haller, "promote perspiration, quicken the pulse, promote the circulation, and facilitate the cure of diseases." 'A constant serenity, supported by hope, or cheerfulness arising from a good conscience, is the most healthful of all affections of the mind," says Dr. Mackenzie; and again, |