MARRIED. members of the English cabinet are total abCADWALLADER-RANDALL.-On stainers, some having joined the ranks very Fifth-day evening, Ninth month 13th, 1883, under the care of Makefield Monthly Meeting of Friends, at their residence, Newtown, Bucks co., Pa, Timothy Cadwallader, son of the late Cyrus and Margaret B. Cadwallader, and Jane C. Randall, daughter of Deborah S., and the late Comly Randall, of Northampton township, Bucks co., Pa. recently. Among the rest, Earl Granville, Mr. Childers, Sir William Vernon Harcourt and Sir Charles Dilke take nothing stronger than water. With such statesmen as we have mentioned on their side, certainly the abstainers are fully entitled to say that the hardest work and the severest mental strain REINSTEIN-REMINGTON.-On Ninth can be borne without the resort to stimulants. mo. 10th, 1883, at the residence of the bride's How absurd it would all have seemed to our parents, under the care of the Monthly Meet-grandfathers! Yet some people would have ing of Friends of Philadelphia, Daniel K. us believe that "the former days were better Reinstein, son of Charles F. and Ada A Reinstein, and Annabella T., daughter of John C. than these."— Canada Presbyterian. and Margaret S. Remington, all of the city of Philadelphia. TYLOR-POWELL.-On Eighth month 16th, 1883, under the care of Third Haven Monthly Meeting, at the residence of the bride's parents, near Easton, Md., Wilson M. Tylor and Elizabeth N. Powell. DIED. INFANT EDUCATION. Prof. Stanley Hall, with his characteristic modesty, asks the experienced conversers with children to address to him any thoughts that may occur to them with respect to the new plan of finding out what thoughts the children of the primary schools have. It is truly refreshing to see that at last it has occurred BROWN.--On Fifth mo. 24th, 1883, David to the adult mind, that talking to children is Brown, in his 66th year; an esteemed member not talking with them, and to see that by imof Deer Creek Monthly, and Fawn Prepara-plication they admit the necessity of developDIXEY—On Ninth mo. 10th, 1883, at Mounting the means of communion in children, by Laurel, Nathan D., son of Hannah C. and the conversation or exchange of thought. But we late Capt. Thos. Dixey, of Philadelphia. tive Meeting. FRENCH.-On the afternoon of Ninth mo. 15th, 1883, at the residence of his son, Richard French, in Philadelphia, William H. French, in his 84th year; a member of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia, held at Spruce street, Philadelphia. MITCHELL.-On Eighth mo. 13th, 1883, at his home, in Hockessin, Del., Henry E. Mitchell, in his 27th year. The passing away of this bright and earnest spirit has tended to draw us nearer to the "Father's house." TYSON.-On the evening of Ninth month 12th, 1883, Jacob Tyson, in his 75th year; a member of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia. WEBB.-On Eighth mo. 19th, 1883, Mary, wife of John Webb, in her 66th year; an esteemed member of Deer Creek Monthly, and Fawn Preparative Meeting. WILLETS.-On Second-day, Ninth month 10th, 1883, at Manhassett, L. I., Martha, widow of Edmund Willets, in the 77th year of her "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord, they rest from their labors, and their works do follow them." age. doubt whether direct questioning respecting heterogeneous things will bring about what is desired. We find a great difference in the judiciousness of the questions. The object is to produce some coherent thinking in the children, and to do this, as is suggested by the most intelligent of all the observers of childhood, Frederic Froebel,-we must go to the child and find what he is attending to, rather than to call his attention to things he does not instinctively turn to. By the time children go to primary school they have something of a vocabulary; though unless they have been so fortunate as to have had the kindergarten training, by talking_over their playthings, movement-plays, and materials, and processes of occupation, which are objects of sense-perception, it is generally very indefinite. The first thing the questioner is to do is to put the child at ease by asking him what he cannot but know; therefore, to begin by asking them to put their hands on their several features, asking them how many eyes they have, ears, hands, feet, noses, mouths, thumbs, fingers, toes; how many fathers, mothers, grandfathers, grandmothers, brothers, sisters, aunts, THE progress of total abstinence in quar- uncles, cousins, will put them at ease. It is ters where not long ago it would have been a fact that the nucleus of every language is likely to find no standing ground, is one of the names of the bodily organs and their the signs of the times. Half a century ago, functions. What do they do with their eyes, who could have conceived of a cabinet min-ears, nose, mouth, tongue, teeth, hands, feet? ister being a teetotaler? Now, as we observe What are various bodily organs for? is there from the public prints, quite a number of a right and a wrong way of using them, and what are these right and wrong ways? What mind or heart." Unless the questioner of beautiful thing have they ever seen? Thus the child remembers this, instead of cultivaevery child can be led to name the sun, moon, ting they will bewilder, and even vitiate stars, beautiful colors in the sky, some them. Divine Providence has a great puranimals, plants, trees, and to discriminate pose in giving the child a season of life when these from each other by their names, more it is impossible for the adult to interfere or less. If we induce children to name what with its mental operations, with its partial they know and care for, and their relations notions; but and interaction, we organize their understandings to precision of conception and connection; for the laws of things are the laws of thought, because the mind which symbolizes itself by the visible things of nature is the author of the minds that it is our office to bring to self-consciousness, which is done by means of language so expressively called the mother-tongue. Let childern have precise, connected thought respecting what is within their sense-perception, and what touches their affection, by conversing about them, and the creative imagination which all children exhibit in their first utterances will gradually be disciplined by reflections upon things in their natural order, and thus they will get the power to symbolize their individual feelings and thoughts. It is by no means indifferent what children talk about. It is better to have them think and talk about natural growths than manufactured things,what God has made than what man has made, except what they make themselves, for that puts them into the spiritual world even more deeply, the soul's own exercise being felt to be original and of free choice. Nothing is so important as to develop a child's sense of free consciousness; thence such questions: Can anybody see for you, hear for you, walk for you, think for you, be kind for you? Ask them to tell all the things they can do all of themselves. This will lead up to asking if anybody can be good for another, and to their recognizing that the Heavenly Father gives us thinkers inside of us, as we may call the powers of reflection and conscience to distinguish between right and wrong. It will be found that children are very easily made conscious of their moral sense, of beauty, symmetry, harmony, within as well as without, because these are ideas or insights that they bring with them, as truly objective as the nature which is obvious to their senseperception. It is of enormous importance, in conversing with children, that we should let them lead the conversation; that is, call out by our questions what they are perceiving or thinking, rather than force upon them what is without by our words. In giving them language let us never forget that wise saying of Professor Agassiz's: "It is an injury to the mind of a child to have a word on its lips whose meaning is not beforehand in its "The sum of the word In soft miniature lies, from the great whole in which it finds itself, and from which it only gradually distinguishes itself, as the subjective me.-Elizabeth P. Peabody, in Journal of Education. RAILROADS AND TEMPERANCE. One of the most significant signs of the times is the movement among the managers of a large number of railroad lines in this country to prohibit the use of intoxicating liquors by their employees, and that they should be total abstainers while in the discharge of their duties. To this effect is a late order issued by the general manager of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad, and one by the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway. The following is the rule issued by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company: 147. The use of intoxicating drink on the road or about the premises of the corporation is strictly forbidden. No one will be employed, or continued in employment, who is known to be in the habit of drinking intoxicating liquor." The Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, having found by investigations of disasters that in many cases they were due to the use of intoxicants by the railroad employees of the company, has just issued a peremptory order that no one who uses intoxicants at all, either while on or off duty, shall remain in its employ. The Chicago, Milwaukee, and St Paul Railroad Company has prohibited the sale of intoxicating beverages at the depots on its road. The Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific Railroad Company issued an order that no ale, beer, wine or spirituous liquors of any kind should be sold in the company's diningcars in Iowa. The Chicago and Northwestern Road has also issued orders prohibiting the use of intoxicating liquors by conductors, engineers, and trainmen. The Wisconsin Central Road has a rule which says no person will receive employment unless they are total abstainers. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad | spare the hotel kitchen, and some of the has issued orders that no tickets shall be sold waiters are tempted from their allegiance for to any person in an intoxicated condition, nor a time, so that living is quite disarranged. shall intoxicated persons be admitted to the cars. For Friends' Intelligencer. AT COOPERSTOWN, N. Y.-IX. In our ride from Richfield to Cooperstown we had an opportunity to observe many hop vineyards which were awaiting the pickers. Sometimes they present a beautiful appearance. The tall, slender poles are young cedar trees, about twenty feet high or less; and these are an expensive item in hop culture. There are many cedar swamps in this moist lake country, but the supply has been heavily drawn upon, insomuch that now Canada is sending her young forests, thus immature, for the use of the farmers of Otsego. The poles are worth about twenty cents apiece, and last, on an average, six years. The poles are pulled up and laid conveniently across the boxes of the pickers that will hold ten bushels. Pickers are gathered from far and near, and are paid for their work by the box; and a good hand can gather two or perhaps three boxes a day, and obtains forty cents a box with board. The best hops are worth, this season, thirty cents a pound, and this is a very remunerative price. The value of this crop frequently fluctuates very greatly. These fluctuations may be 300 or 400 per cent, without exciting great surprise. It is the great staple in Otsego county, and all other industries are subordinate to this. To avoid the cost of poles some vineyards are using a device of posts, with wires extending from side to side of the field, and strings connecting the plant with the wires. This makes a beautiful, symmetrical arrangement, but sometimes lightning strikes the hop field, blasting and withering the flowers. Some poles are left standing with their vine drapery after the rest are laid low. These are those which sustain the staminate plants, and we have an opportunity to observe the racemes of tiny green flowers, of which they produce a great number. There are only a very few of these sterile plants in a hop yard, and they are planted merely to increase the weight of the crop by forming the seed in the fertile flowers. The sterile are of no value as merchandise. The hop-pickers come from far and near. The maidens who are engaged in domestic service are tempted into the fields, and for three weeks or more families are bereft of their help. Such as object to handling the gridiron and the dishcloth take their meals at the hotels. But the hop fever does not Our lofty ride past lakes, groves, fruitful fields, cosy homes, and over brooks which glance down from their mountain springs is wonderfully inspiring. We reach Otsego Lake, which lies about 1,200 feet above the sea, just as the sun nears the horizon; and the neat little steamer, Natty Bumppo, is soon at hand to bear us down to Cooperstown, which lies at the lower end, where the Susquehanna leaves its parent fountain and commences its long journey toward the ocean. A mother and little daughter, residents of Cooperstown, discover our purposes and take us in charge. The little maid claims to show us the historic spots on one side of the water, and the mother calls our attention to the other. The mountains which environ the "Glimmerglass" have fanciful names. At the head of the lake lies the Sleeping Lion, and Mount Vision at the other end is of imposing proportions. On the eastern shores extend a range of mountains, from 500 to 600 feet high and densely wooded. On the western shore the mountains are less high and rugged, but scarcely less picturesque. A pebbly beach runs all around the water, and a stalwart pedestrian can walk quite round it with enjoyment, though it is 18 miles in circuit. Hop yards and green pastures flourish along the lower slopes, and noble forests yet crown the summits. On the west shore there is almost unbroken forest, and the pure dark waters, lying so calm within the sheltering hills, reflect the bold mountain shores, the evening sky and clouds almost unbroken. We speed along seemingly between two firmaments, and our new friends, who sit beside us on the deck, point out the classic spots which the genius of Cooper has peopled with figures of enduring interest. "A master's hand hath painted all thy beauties Graceful and sweeping bays, and low and wooded points are all instinct with memories, and retain the characteristics which made them attractive to the romancer in the early part of the present century. In the gray of the evening our boat comes in view of Cooperstown itself, embowered in its mass of elms and sugar maples, and hedged in by its mountain barriers. Our new friends keep by us at landing and proffer their help and direction, and we are soon at the hotel where there are rooms and good cheer awaiting us. We are in the town made memorable by James Fennimore Cooper's genius, and are ready to proceed to investigate its relics and reminders of the past. The next morning breaks pure and bright, and at the breakfast we find an acquaintance from Philadelphia who greets us with cordiality, and offers to conduct us around the village before the hour for divine worship. We walked along many beautiful avenues shadowed with stately trees, noted the multitude of elegant homes with smoothly shorn lawns, fair flowers, noble trees, and an air of substantial reality, which unmistakably distinguishes the residences of those who are to the manor born. Not wealth alone, but refined taste, an avoidance of ostentatious show, and a certain enduring quality characterizes the civilization of this classic little town which reposes at the foot of the fairest of all our lakes, and which stands at the source of one of the grandest of our rivers. I suppose every visitor will be surprised to find the forests yet so grandly spread over hill and mountain and fringing the lake, almost as in the days a century ago, when William Cooper, of Burlington, New Jersey, having come into possession of 100,000 acres of this romantic wilderness, visited it, accompanied by a party of surveyors, to ascertain the precise boundaries of his domain and select a suitable spot for the settlement he had planned. On the morning of his arrival Cooper left his party at some distance, and followed a deer path to the summit of the mountain, now called Mount Vision, and there enjoyed a view of the lovely lake and its environing mountains. He says: "The leaves were fallen, and I mounted a tree, and sat for an hour looking on the silent wilderness. Not an opening was to be seen in the boundless forest, except where the lake lay like a mirror of glass. The water was covered by myriads of wild fowl that migrate with the changes of the season; and while in my situation on the branch of the beech, I saw a bear with her cubs descend to the shore to drink. I had met many deer gliding through the woods in my journey, but not the vestige of a man could I trace during my progress, nor from my elevated observatory. Nothing but mountains rising behind mountains, and the valley with its surface of branches, enlivened here and there with the faded foliage of some tree that parted from its leaves with more than ordinary reluctance. After musing on the scene for an hour, with a mingled feeling of pleasure and desolation, I left my perch, and descended the mountain. My horse was left to browse on the twigs that grew within his reach, while I explored the shores of the lake and the spot where Cooperstown now stands." But before this, the venerated Washington, during the interval between the cessation of hostilities and the formal declaration of peace between the United States and Great Britain, employed his leisure in acquiring a practical knowledge of the resources and capabilities of some still unsettled portions of his country; and for this purpose made a journey of observation through Central New York. In 1786 William Cooper commenced the settlement of his tract with his band of pioneers. In 1789 the residence of Cooper was ready for occupancy, and the family removed permanently to their frontier abode, where William Cooper was proprietory lord of the manor, and judge. He was a man of enterprise and benevolence, and was held in affectionate remembrance by his fellow-citizens long after his head was laid beneath the pines. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Fennimore, of New Jersey, a family of Swedish descent and great personal excellence and social distinction. James Fennimore Cooper, one of their twelve children, was born in New Jersey, and was carried, an infant, to the wild Otsego region, where his vigorous childhood was spent amid the varied scenes of pioneer life, while the remnants of the once powerful Six Nations still visited their old hunting and fishing grounds. He is remembered as a generous and resolute lad, learning the hunter's and fisher's craft in childhood. On the waters of the Otsego he learned to handle an oar and trim a sail. Healthy and active, he is said to have delighted in every athletic exercise—a brave, blithe-hearted lad--most upright and free-handed, as became a scion of a worthy stock. He entered Yale College at the age of thirteen, and remained only three years in its scholastic shades, preferring the storm and stress of actual life to the ordinary course of study by which youth as favored by fortune as he are usually blessed. In his sixteenth year he shipped as a seaman before the mast, and before his seventeenth year was ended he entered as a midshipman in the navy, and was afterward promoted to a lieutenancy. For six years he followed the sea, after which he returned to the scenes of his childhood. He married in 1811, and found in his wife that encouragement in his literary ventures which is believed to have greatly promoted their successful completion. After seven years' residence and travel in foreign lands, he returned to Cooperstown and became a permanent resident of that village. As a citizen, he is remembered as kind to the poor, eager to advance the good of all men, unostentatious, impulsive, frank and humorous, eminently vigorous and industrious-a farmer as well as an author. He wrote thirty-two volumes in thirty years, besides many other volumes in earlier life. He died in 1851, aged 62 years, lacking one day, and left a reputation as an original and able writer of fiction, truthfully and vividly picturing some phases of American life in the earlier days, which no other writer has delineated so ably. The grave of Fennimore Cooper is in the spacious family lot on the north side of the beautiful grounds of the church edifice in which he had worshiped. He lies in earth through which the ploughshare was never run, amid the mighty pines of nature's own planting. The place where Cooper lies is designated simply by a marble slab, bearing a plain inscription of his name, death and age. His wife survived him not four months, and her remains were laid beside his under a slab of the same dimensions. His beautiful mansion and grounds soon passed into alien hands. When at length the hall was burned, from the bricks which remained, a very tasteful dwelling was erected on the west bank of the Susquehanna, for his daughters, Susan A. and Anne Charlotte Cooper. From this dwelling they can overlook the grounds where the family mansion once stood. From their father they inherited a modest competence, and it has been their pleasure to be the constant benefactors of the orphaned and the unfortunate. Susan A. Cooper is known as the author of several works of merit, but at present her talents find other congenial employment. The new Orphanage on an eminence at the south end of Pioneer street, is at present the place of her intelligent care and wise activity. And here amid the orphaned children whom she loves, I had the pleasure of taking her hand, and of listening to her gentle enthusiasms in regard to her labor of love. It is a beautiful, spacious house, having a magnificent outlook in all directions. It is finished with substantial elegance in hard wood, has plate glass windows, and every comfort which kind thought could suggest, or generous benevolence supply. Susan Cooper will spend much of her time here for several months, advising, directing and helping in the organization of the new household, to which is now to be transferred the band of fortunate unfortunates who, at another and an outgrown home, have for years been the objects of her care. In taking leave of her, I thought it right to express my appreciation of the literary work of her father, and to tell her of the Dutch pastor of Zuyder Zee, who could not speak English, but could read and write it, and had read many of the works of Fennimore Cooper. But her heart was with her orphans, and though she smiled responsively, she had nothing to add to my stumbling tribute to her father's fame. Paul F. Cooper, a member of the bar, in Albany, is the youngest of the family, and the only son of Fennimore Cooper. He is not said to inherit his father's especial talents. We were moved to some lamentation that it has not more often been the lot of our eminent citizens to transmit either their mental and spiritual gifts, or the homes which their occupancy made classic, to their offspring. The friends of Longfellow are taking, or have taken steps to secure his already classic home at Cambridge, and let it remain as a shrine for the perpetuation of gracious memories of the beloved poet; and it would be fitting that the site of the Cooper mansion and its noble grove should be treasured and preserved from what this utilitarian age deems improvement, and made an orderly and noble resort for such as may like to linger amid its shades and recall the vigorous and manly author who may be accounted the most original in the earlier American literature. S. R. Cooperstown, N. Y., Ninth mo. 5th, 1883. INDIAN LETTERS. At the Indian Industrial School at Carlisle, Pa., where Captain Pratt is doing so much to solve the Indian question, a small four-page paper, the Morning Star ("Eadle Keatah Toh,") is published monthly by the pupils. Another little paper, the School News, edited by Charles Kihega, an Iowa Indian, has been amalgamated with the Star temporarily. A column or more on the last page of the first number is filled with extracts from letters written by some of the boys and girls who are supporting themselves during the summer by farm-work or house work in different parts of the country. (The writers, as a rule, have just begun to study the language of the "paleface.") A girl or boy who is feeling rather blue writes, "I have got a bad sorry to-day." Another declares that "every morning I got up about five o'clock and doing my morning work all done before beakfast." Yet another, evidently a boy, would seem to deserve equal credit for activity and zeal: "We have clean the corn, about forty bushes in the three hours and I have been work hard and make sweat of my face"" The spirit of these brief epistles is, in every case, better than the letter. "I am going," writes one ambitious youth, "to learn how to raise corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, onions, and all everything whatsoever white men do." The pluck of the next correspondent is equally to be commended: "Monday I was shelled corn, and about eight o'clock torn my hand very bad too, still I work one hand, but too much fun for me to work one hand." Writes an observant lad: "I have watch how make butter, and I will try to do |