mate and soil being unfit for agricultural operations when the proper kind of agricultural elements are brought into play. But this is not a mere deduction. Everywhere near the settlements one may find stray oats, barley, clover, timothy or other farm products which have sprung from chance grains dropped by commerce and maturing to perfection. As for vegetables, these speak for themselves in the little gardens which some of the more enterprising have, though even their want of adaptive knowledge is against much which might be done. The missions, as I have suggested in a former letter, have done much to civilize these Indians; a successful one is under the management of a Mr. Duncan. He was an English gentleman and proposed to take orders in the Episcopal communion in order to devote his whole life to civilizing the Indian. After working among them a little while he found that it was no use to work with them on speculative points of theological dogma, and he determined to throw aside all connection with any denomination and preach to them solely the love of God, the love of Christ, and the duty of all men to be good. He saw,'especially with the Indian, that unless some personal benefit could be shown to the Indian, conversion was impossible. He took to showing them that the good man was happier in this world in every way than the bad man, and above all he took every opportunity to show that he had no interest whatever to serve in his ministry with them than their good. He soon found after he had converted them from roving Indian ways, that he had to teach them other industries. He has started a salmon cannery, which ships annually about 5,000 cans of salmon. There is a tin shop where his cans are made, and other tinware suited to a community. There is a blacksmith shop, a furniture factory, a saw-mill and a brickyard, and recently, a woollen mill, which turns out fair shawls all these industries, be it remembered, the sole work of these poor Indians. These shawls are made from the wool of the native mountain sheep, and the machines are all made by the Indians, under Mr. Duncan's directions. The church which they have built under his instructions is a model of beautymade wholly of arbor vitæ wood, and which always gives out a pleasant fragrance. The service is very simple, consisting of singing, a litany in which they join, prayer and a discourse. No vestments are used in the services, but all are conducted in his every-day garments. He has 1,100 of these converted Indians, and the very large church in the winter season is completely filled. The Sundayschool children number some 150, and the day school is held in the end of the church, parted off by a screen. The fishing season commences the beginning of May and lasts to the end of July, and the other industries were introduced by Mr. Duncan in order to furnish work all the year round. At our visit the chief work going on was the fish canning, and it was a pretty sight to see the young women, well and neatly dressed, at work in the factory, while the elder ones were away catching fish. Intoxicating liquor, even "as medicine," is absolutely prohibited, but Mr. Duncan told me this was the hardest of all his accomplished tasks. His platform was the temporal as well as the spiritual good of these Indians, and it was extremely difficult to convince them that that which made men happy if used in moderation, was bad to take. He resolved to take no severe measures to order it stopped. So great is their love and reverence for him, that, thongh not convinced, the one word from him would have stopped the traffic. But he preferred to let thein reason it out for themselves. They soon found there were plenty of other ways to be happy that were not half as dangerous, and thus, by the free and unanimous will of these poor creatures, liquor in all its forms was absolutely disused. The southern boundary of this country is on the confines of British Columbia, at 54°N latitude, but the climate is much milder than the corresponding latitude on the coast of Labrador. The warm current of the Pacific sweeping in a northeasterly direction from the East India Islands, corresponding in its effects to the Gulf Stream modifies the temperature of the shores which it washes, but also causes an excessive rainfall. Sitka, in nearly the same latitude as Edinburgh, has a mean temperature of nearly 43°, with an average rainfall of 80 inches. NATURAL HISTORY STUDIES. Honey-dew. At a late meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of this city, "Honey-dew and its production" formed the subject of an interesting discussion, introduced by Thomas Meehan, who has but recently returned from a midsummer trip to Alaska. He said: It was generally asserted that the liquid receiving this name was the product of aphides and other small insects, but he had reason to believe that in most cases it is an exudation from the leaves and flowers of various plants. He had before called attention to the production of such liquid by the flowers of the tulip poplar and other species. He had recently observed in Alaska that the ITEMS. friendship between the German and Spanish AN important treaty of commerce and monarchies has just been ratified by the Ger man Imperial Reichstag, which body has appropriated a large sum of money to carry into effect the guaranties of the treaty. cones of abies sitkensis produced honey in such quantities that it could be pressed out in drops from between the scales. On the Columbia river the leaves of the pyrus and alders were covered with a coating of honey which had dropped from the cones of abies. It had been asserted that this liquid was elaborated by glands in the so-called nectarium of the blossoms, but neither in the tulip itary Inspector of the New York Board of poplar nor elsewhere had he been able to de-Health has had a plumber arrested on the tect such glands, and he believed the liquid was exuded from the petals and collected in the calyx as in a cup. The tendency of the day would, of course, be to assert that the presence of such sweet liquid assisted in cross fertilization by attracting insects, but Sachs had suggested that its function was, at least in the arborvitæ, to simply catch the pollen as it is blown about by the air. Although this might be the function of the honey-dew in the class named, it could not be supposed to be necessary in the case of other plants which produce it in equally large quantities. The exuded liquid was sometimes bitter, and could not therefore attract insects. Dr. McCook remarked that he believed the honey-dew of insects to be an excretion. In examining aphides he never found the sweet liquid to exude from the tubes at the sides of the abdomen, which are supposed to be the ducts of glands, the drop always appearing at the arms. During his studies of the honey ant in Colorado he had proven that these insects collect their favorite liquid from galls of the scrub-oak, which would exude a supply three or four times during the evening. PRACTICAL SANITARY SCIENCE.-The San charge of putting in bad plumbing in eight new flat houses in Harlem. ITALIAN AND AMERICAN EDUCATION.-A writer in Harper's Weekly, discussing the subject, says that Italy, one of the worst educated of nations" twenty-two years ago, has nearly overtaken America during that pe riod in the race for knowledge. ONE hundred chests of tea have been re jected at the Bay of San Francisco by the inspector, on the ground of adulteration with foreign and exhausted leaves, sand, and other impurities. The tea will be taken back to China. A DISEASE known as the splenic fever has attacked the cattle in Lancaster Co., Pa., and is raging with great violence. A large number of cases have already proved fatal and the disease is apparently on the increase, occasioning great alarm among stock owners. THE last spike-a golden one-in the Northern Pacific Railroad was driven on the 8th inst., at Mullan's Tunnel, west of Helena, Montana, and the road formally opened in presence of an assemblage of distinguished guests, including visitors from Great Britain, Germany, France, and other foreign coun tries. On the third of this month, the Foreign Exhibition at Boston was formally opened in the building of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association. The countries represented are England, France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, Holland, Brazil, China, Japan, Turkey, Siam, Algiers, Tunis, Hawaii, Čanada, and the East Indies. Dr. Horn had found the Indians of Owen's Valley in possession of large masses resembling a mixture of maple sugar and molasses candy. He had been for some time puzzled to account for the supply, but had accidentally discovered that the substance was collected from a grass, probably a species of cyperus, which grew abundantly in the valley. The seed vessels were covered to the depth of an eighth of an inch with sugar, the weight Ninth month 19th, Race Street, 3 P. M. of which would sometimes be sufficient to bend down the plants. NOTICES. MONTHLY MEETINGS IN PHILADELPHIA. แ 20th, Spruce Street, 10 A. M. 20th, Green Street, 3 P. M. THE Grand Jury, in their presentment to A Temperance Conference under the care of the Court of Quarter Sessions for August, the Committee of Western Quarterly Meeting "find that the great cause for most of the will be held at Pennsgrove, on First-day, the cases brought before us is the free use of ar-eral attendance by residents of the neighbor16th inst., to commence at 2.30 o'clock. A gendent spirits,' and would severely censure both hood is solicited, and all are invited to particithe City Commissioners for granting all pate. licenses applied for and the members of the Legislature from our county for having, or allowed to have, on our statute books a law which is a dead letter, and which tends to invite crime." Committee of Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting The next Meeting appointed by the Visiting will be at Merion, on First-day, Ninth month 16th, at 3 o'clock P. M. FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER. “TAKE FAST HOLD OF INSTRUCTION; LET HER NOT GO; KEEP HER; FOR SHE IS THY LIFE. VOL. XL. PHILADELPHIA, NINTH MONTH 22, 1883. No. 32. EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY AN ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS. COMMUNICATIONS MUST BE ADDRESSED AND PAYMENTS MADE TO JOHN COMLY, AGENT, AT PUBLICATION OFFICE, No. 1020 ARCH STREET. TERMS:-TO BE PAID IN ADVANCE. The Paper is issued every week. The FORTIETH Volume commenced on the 17th of Second month, 1883, at Two Dollars and Fifty Cents to subscribers receiving it through mail, postage prepaid. SINGLE NUMBERS SIX CENTS. It is desirable that all subscriptions should commence at the begi sning of the volume. REMITTANCES by mail should be in CHECKS, DRAFTS, or P. O. MONEY-ORDERS; the latter preferred. MONEY sent by mail will be at the risk of the person so sending. AGENTS:-Edwin Blackburn, Baltimore, Md. Benj. Strattan, Richmond, Ind. Entered at the Post-Office at Philadelphia, Penna. as second-class matter ANCIENT MINUTES. Kingham, whom we have earnestly prest to William Littleboy in Friends' Quarterly Ex-go over to thee about it; but find him very aminer gives selections from the minutes of Upperside Monthly Meeting in the county of Bucks, Eng., all of a date prior to 1690. They are interesting as showing the simple manners of Friends of that period, and the honest directness they manifested in their care for each other.-EDS. 1680, 8th Month.-Friends understanding yt Robt. Kingham hath neither paid his debt to Francis Holden, of Kingston, nor gone over to him to give him any satisfaction about it, but stil delays time with excuses, friends were displeased with him; yet inasmuch as he hath now set a certain time (of two or three weeks) to pay yo money in, and proposed a way to raise ye money, by threshing and selling corn, y meeting thought meet to send him once more by ye Friends employed formerly in it, to let him know yt if he fail of his promise now, and do not discharge ye debt within the time prefixed, they will not meditate any further for him, but leave ye Friend to do in his own concern as he himself shall think fit. Also ye Meeting thought fit to write to Francis Holden again as followeth : "Friend, in pursuance of what we writ to thee before, we have taken ye best course we can to procure the satisfaction from Rob unwilling to see thee without money, wch we hope proceeds rather from modesty than design; and ye rather because he hath assured us yt he is using his best endeavours to raise ye money wth all speed, and in order thereunto is setting men to work to thresh out of his corn enough to satisfy thy debt, and in two or 3 weeks' time at ye most he promises to have it ready. This we were willing to give thee an account of, and if upon Truth's account thou art willing to prolong thy patience a little we shal be glad; and if thou please to write a few lines to him once more upon this fresh promise of his to let him know thou dost expect it within y* time, we hope it wil quicken him. So with true love to thee, we remain thy friends in truth. Signed at y request and on yR behalf of y meeting by Thomas Ellwood.5" e "1680, 9th Month.-Friends understanding yt Robt Kingham, notwithstanding his sollemn engagement before y last meeting to pay off his debt to Francis Holden, of Kingston within two or three weeks at furthest, hath not paid it yet, were very sensible of his unfair dealing, both towards Francis Holden and y meeting. Whereupon William Sexton and Rob White were desired to speak wth ye said Rob Kingham and let him know that this meeting doth expect he should come to the next meeting, here to give an account of his miscarriage therein; otherwise ye meeting wil be necessitated to disown his dealing, and him for it." This vigorous action of the Monthly Meeting produced the desired effect; in the Tenth Month report was made "yt Robt Kingham hath paid him £6 10s. (which is about half ye debt)," and as no further minutes on the subject appear on the records we may hope that the remaining half was speedily paid. "1691, 11th Month.-The Meeting taking into consideration the great service of Sarah Lamborn, of Aylsbury, hath formerly been of to Friends in their sufferings for Truth in Aylsbury Gaol, when no Friend but herself lived in that town, to take care of Friends that were prisoners for Truth, and that she spared neither pains nor purse to minister unto Friends as occasion required; and taking notice that she is now grown antient, and reduced to a lower condition in the world, did now agree to send her fifty shillings as a token of love and grateful remembrance of her former kindnesses and service to Friends. And accordingly Thomas Ellwood, by the Meeting's order, did now in Meeting deliver the said sum of fifty shillings unto James Smith to convey to her." "1692, 3rd Month.-Richard Baker acquainted the Meeting that on ye 26th day of ye last month, between ye hours of 11 and 12 in the night, a fire brake forth in the house wherein James Smith dwelt in Aylesbury, whch in little more than an hour's space burnt down the house and consumed most of the goods yt were in it; y suddenness and violence of the fire much heightened by a very strong wind, permitting to save but very little, and that of little value. That three of his family lost their lives by y° fire, and himself and wife hardly escaped, and not without hurt. That though there hath not been time since to get an exact accompt of ye value of ye loss, yet by a reasonable computation, it is judged to be y least one thousand pounds, and may probably be more. By which great loss he is rendered incapable either to go on with his trade or satisfy y° engagements ye ly upon him, without some considerable assistance from Friends." through the county, or through this Monthly Meeting only, could not be regularly made till ye Quarterly Meeting (which will not be till 7 or 8 weeks hence), and will be somewhat too long in coming in, a Proposition was made that if any Friend or Friends were at present able and willing to advance and deposit the sum of fifty pounds upon the credit of this Meeting, to be repaid, with interest for it, out of such future collection as shall on this occasion and for this service, be made. through ye several Meetings belonging to this, then this Monthly Meeting wil stand engaged for it. Whereupon Thomas Ellwood acquainted ye Meeting yt there are some publick monies at ye disposal of this Meeting (about £12, as he remembered) which H. Child and he had placed forth by ye Meeting's order; the Meeting thereupon ordered T. E. to call the same in as speedily as he can, and Joseph Steevens offered to furnish y Meeting with so much as will make up ye said £12 to £50, or with ye whole £50 in case the sa £12 could not presently be had. Whereupon the Meeting ordered this Agreement of ye Meeting to be entered in ye Meeting-book, for ye security of ye said Joseph Steevens; whereby this Meeting doth promise and engage to repay the s Joseph Steevens, or his assigns, ye said £50 if he shall advance and deposit ye whole, or so much thereof as he shal advance and deposit of his own money on this occasion, with interest for yo same until it shall be repaid. d "As to a future and further help, inasmuch as ye loss and thereby suffering was so great as far exceeded y capacity of ye Friends of this county to answer, the meeting thought fit and agreed to spread the sad condition of our suffering Friends before ye Yearly Meeting now at hand, in order whereunto a letter being drawn up, read, and approved, was signed as followeth :" (The letter to the Yearly meeting, being a recapitulation of the above minute, is not inserted here; it was signed by nineteen Friends, and committed to Richard Baker aud Thomas Ellwood to deliver to the Yearly Meeting.) The consideration of the case was referred to the Meeting for Sufferings; in the Seventh Month a collection amounting to £54 11s. 3d. was brought in from Friends of this Monthly Meeting. 'Upon the opening of this case great grief and sorrow seized upon Friends, and the Meeting was deeply affected with compassionate pity towards our suffering Friends. And after some time, that our compassion "1698, 6th Month.-This Meeting taking might not be barren, but might produce some notice that both now, and at other times of comfortable fruit to the afflicted, the Meeting late, divers persons have thrust in upon this entered into consideration of a proper and meeting, who have not properly belonged to suitable way and means for their assistance it, nor been fit for the service of it, but have and support, both with respect to a present been as a clog to the meeting, bringing supply, and to a future and further help. As weights and burdens on it, and thereby hinto a present supply, inasmuch as a collection | dering the service of it. It was thereupon now proposed, that some course might be taken for remedying the inconvenience and preventing the like hurt for the future, the further consideration thereof, with respect to the way or means of effecting it, was referred to another meeting. 1698, 7th Month.-The consideration of the proposition made last meeting for preventing unfit persons coming to this meeting was resumed, and a minute being found upon search in the old book for remedying the like inconvenience in ye 1st Month, 166%, recommending to Friends that they should send from their respective meetings such persons as they know to be faithful to truth and fittest to do service for the Lord in the Monthly and Quarterly Meetings. It is now agreed and recommended as the advice and judgement of this meeting, y' on ye first day next preceding the Monthly Meeting, and ye Quarterly Meeting, ye friends of each particular meeting do confer together and take care yt none but faithful, serviceable, and suitable Friends do go to this and the Quarterly Meetings. And that if any others do thrust themselves in, ye Friends of yt meeting to which they belong do take them out and better inform them, and tenderly advise them to withdraw and depart." Thomas Ellwood appears to have acted as clerk to the Monthly Meeting till the year 1713, the minutes of the meeting held Second Month 6th in that year being in his handwriting. On the Third Month 4th, 1713, we find the following entry :-" Att ye Monthly Meeting at Hunger Hill. The meeting mett and called over the severall particular meetings, and our antient friend Thomas Ellwood, being deceased, and to be buryed this day. The meeting adjourned to the eight day of the next month." "1714, 6th Month.-An Epistle from the Meeting for Sufferings was read giving advice and encouragement to school masters to continue their Imployment, as judging that learning Latin and Greek is usefull to men in Trade or business, altho not necessary to the making Ministers of the Gospel.' "1715, 10th Month.-Our friends of the Women's Meeting did now give this meeting to understand, that their meeting having had under their consideration the addition of expenses which attend this meeting since the removal of our Antient friend Thomas Ellwood, and also understanding that this meeting is out of stock and indebted, and from their sense of the service of this meeting, have sent as a token thereof six pounds as a free will offering, which this meeting kindly accepts, and returned acknowledgement of their kindness and care therein." 1722, 9th Month.-The Friends of Wiccomb laid before this meeting a paper from | Thomas Frier, of Wiccomb, which being read the meeting, upon consideration of it and the occasion, did agree to receive the same for the present, hoping that his conversation for the future may evidence the sincerity of the sorrow therein expressed by him: it is as followeth, viz : "To the Monthly Meeting at Hunger Hill whereas there was sometime agoe a dif erence arose between me, Thomas Frier and Ruth my wife, and through provocation given by her, unwatchfulness in myself, I gave way to passion so far as to strike her. But being now sensible my act therein was contrary to the blessed Truth I therein professed, I am sorry for the same, and desiring that I may (as much as I can] clear the Truth from all reproach that may be brought on it thereby, I take the blame upon myself and also desire that none may impute this my misbehaviour either to the principle of Truth, or to the people amongst whom I have walked in profession. "(Signed) THOMAS FRIER.' "1748 2nd Month.-After consideration of the renewing of the meeting at Weston, as by appointment in the 8th mo. last; It is now agreed that Three Meetings be again held there, as heretofore, viz., the second first day in the 3rd, 5th, and 7th months, and this meeting appoints Robert Eeles and Joseph Stevens to endeavour the meetings may be attended by friends of the Ministry." '1752, 8th Month.-The meeting is now informed that, pursuant to appointment in 6th month last, one child of Mary Hulls (a boy) is put to Friends' workhouse in London, and that for about two weeks past Jos Waster has given to Mary Hull but one shilling and six pense pr week, who before had two shillings p' week." "1699. The meeting being acquainted y Ann and Margaret Taylor, two maiden Friends, yt kept a little shop of linen cloth, &c., in Berkhamstead belonging to Tring Meeting, had their shop lately broken up in ye night, and their shop goods taken away to the value of abt £40, being more than they were worth. This meeting thought fit to commend their condition to the Women s Meeting, which was done by Dan1 Roberts and James Smith; whereupon Mary Wharley and Bridgett Russell came from the Women's Meeting to acquaint this, yt that meeting had agreed to send ye sd two Friends £5 as a token of love, to help them in their present distress. To which this meeting added £5 more, ordering Thomas Ellwood to deliver it unto Dan' Roberts, for him to convey unto the sa 2 suffering friends." |