This being the last Quarter before the Yearly Meeting, all the Queries were read, with answers from each of the eight Monthly Meetings, and snmmaries thereof prepared and adopted. During the consideration of the answers appropriate remarks were made by visitors and others in both ends of the house, The committee which was appointed six months previously, to visit the meetings and members, with the view of increasing the interest in attending our meetings for Divine worship, made a written report, which was united with and directed to be forwarded to the Yearly Meeting, and the committee was continued, with the addition of a few more women Friends, to labor further therein as Truth may open the way. Amos Jones informed that he had accomplished the visit to Baltimore Yearly Meeting and some of the meetings composing it, as mentioned in his minute endorsed by the Quarter, to the peace and satisfaction of his mind, and had returned his minute to his Monthly Meeting. After a solemn pause the meeting closed with the feeling that we had had a satisfactory and profitable season. I. E. FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER. PHILADELPHIA, THIRD MO. 3, 1883. MEMOIR OF RACHEL HICKS.-The attention of Friends in charge of libraries throughout our Yearly Meeting is called to the memoir of Rachel Hicks, which is offered at the reduced price of fifty cents per copy, free of postage. See advertisement. BENJAMIN HALLOWELL.—It will doubtless give general satisfaction to the wide circle who knew and loved this valued friend and educator, to be informed that Friends' Book Association, 1020 Arch street, Philadelphia, is about publishing his "Autobiography, with extracts from his religious, educational, and other writings, some of his favorite poems and incidents of personal history illustrative of his character." It will make a volume of about 450 pages, and will contain a steel engraved portrait of the author. The publishers desire us to inform those of our readers who wish to subscribe for this book that they want all the subscriptions in by Fourth month 14th. Clubs of ten or more to one address will be allowed a discount of ten per cent. Price, $1.50, with 15 cents additional for postage when sent by mail. RECIPROCITY.—We note with deep satisfaction, that the sufferings occasioned by the unprecedented Western floods of the past month, have so touched the hearts of those of our people who have dwelt in prosperous safety during this time of disaster, that they are sending of their abundance to the people of the drowned-out districts. Cincinnati nobly puts forth her energies-cleanses, repairs, and restores as the floods retire; and then announces that charity had better go elsewhere, for she can very well care for her own. We may believe that a measure of this spirit of self-help and of recuperative energy will be manifested all along the line. Yet even this energy and dignified rejection of what is not needed in favor of greater needs further on, will not abate the flow of that compassionate sympathy which prompts to effective aid of the substantial sort. All will be remembered. When in some coming day of desolation upon the now safe and prosperous localities fall the burden of some great affliction, we feel an assurance that from the smiling valleys of the West will flow back the tide of generous help which now tends towards flooded cities and towns that have risen upon the banks of the beautiful river which carries the western drainage of the Alleghanies to the Gulf. The people of the United States, especially those of German descent, have had an opportunity to bind closer the bonds of kindred love by sending forth timely aid to the suf ferers from floods in the German fatherland this winter. Already our own disaster has called back the tide of help to these shores, and sums of money are being received from over the seas to be applied to the restoration of ruined towns, and the rekindling of the fires of drowned forge and factory in the West. This reciprocity ought to fill our hearts with gratitude and faith, and cause even the pessimist to hope for the advancement of human nature to that place which exalted and inspired minds have ever foreseen for it We cannot suppose that this divine compas- the loving wife, tender mother, and devoted sion, and this tender care for the good of friend should receive more than a passing notice. She was the daughter of Henry and others ever moved the heart of the antique Catharine Zavitz, of Pelham Monthly Meetworld. Would Rome have mourned if Caring, was married in 1838, and removing with her husband to Yarmouth, they became memthage had been burned with fire, or would bers of Norwich Monthly Meeting. She deeply Carthage have sent corn and wine if Rome felt the responsibilities and requirements of domestic life, and only those who knew her had been drowned by the Tiber? Would best could know the faithfulness with which Jerusalem have wept for the griefs of Sama- they were performed. She was a diligent attender of all our meetings, laboring with her ria, or would Samaria have grieved if Jeru- might for the extension of the principles of salem was laid in the dust? Did Athens so Did Athens so truth. Her words of loving counsel and enlove Sparta, or did Sparta as promptly recouragement will long be remembered. spond to the cry of Athens, as Philadelphia, and her sister cities to-day answer to the voices of woe along our Western river banks? A sage has said: "Every man is not so much a workman in the world as he is a suggestion of that he should be. Men walk as prophecies of the next age." Is it not permitted us to foresee in the light of our own times a blessed prophecy of the coming ages, when nation shall not lift up its hand against nation, but all peoples shall be bound together in mutual love and help, and that advancement shall be known which is evermore in the direction of the Divine wisdom? The doers of good deeds are sowing seed for their children to reap in the harvest time. The harvest cannot fail, but the care of the sower must be that his seed be good, for no man yet ever gathered grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles. LUKENS.-On the evening of First month 16th, 1883, at Warrington, Bucks county, Pa., William, son of Ellen and the late Charles H. Lukens, in the 21st year of his age. SCHOOLEY.—Of pneumonia, after an illness of one week, on First mo. 14th, 1883, at her home in Yarmouth, LoVisa, wife of Asa L. Schooley, in the 65th year of her age; an approved minister for about twenty years of Norwich Monthly Meeting, Canada. A life of usefulness and devotion to duty has been closed, and they who have lived within the circle of its influence and been strengthened thereby, deem it just that the memory of The prospect of death gave her no alarm, and feeling, in her own words, "there was nothing in her way," her spirit took its flight in trust and peace. S. A. M. SHUTE.-On First-day morning, First mo, TYSON.—On Second mo. 20th, 1883, Caroline P. Tyson, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Parry; a member of Green street Monthly Meeting. INDIAN EDUCATION. The attention of Friends having been recently directed, through this paper, to an opening for work in the cause of education among the Indians, it has seemed proper to present to our readers the portion of the late report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs which refers to this important means of advancing the civilization of our dusky brethren of the West.-Eds. "Exclusive of the five civilized tribes, the whole number of Indian pupils attending school the past year has been 8.412. Of these 476 were in attendance at the Carlisle, Hampton and Forest Grove training schools. Of the remainder 3,937 attended reservation boarding-schools, and 3,999 reservation day schools. "In industrial education Indian boardingschools are doing pioneer work. There are neither precedents nor text-books to follow. In very few schools in the United States can the white child, unless he is a criminal, learn how to work as well as to read; how to use his hands as well as his head. This need is receiving the attention of educators and philanthropists, and the success of the experiment among Indians is being watched with interest by the friends of the lower classes both white and black. One of the first obstacles encountered is the outlay of funds required. To fairly equip each reservation school with stock, wagons, farming implements and mechanical tools, and have these articles used not only by children, but by children who have no inherited inclination or aptitude for civilized | the time is not far distant when a system of pursuits, must largely increase, the annual expense of the schools; and though for such expenditure the return in the next generation will be large, the immediate returns will be meagre. Nevertheless it ought to be done, and appropriations increased accordingly. Even if Carlisle, Hampton, and Forest Grove could turn out, as they cannot, all the skilled mechanics and agriculturists needed among Indians, yet the value to the Indian boy of mere rudimentary training in some one of the various handicrafts will be worth to his own manhood and the civilization of his race immeasurably more than it will cost, and the morale of the school which furnishes such employment and diversion to its restless pupils will be vastly improved. Too much importance cannot be attached to the agency industrial boarding-school. It is the centre of Indian civilization, and will be until parents are willing to send their children away from home to be educated, and the Government is willing to assume the enormous expense of that sort of schooling. Until then the reservation schools will be worth as much to the distant training-schools as the training schools are to the reservation. They awaken the interest in education which first leads the parent to surrender his child, and they so mould public opinion as to make it possible for the returned student to persevere in the habits, learned at the East. Unless a strong purifying influence is exerted on the reservation atmosphere while the students are absent, they will return to a firedamp of heathenism, ignorance, and superstition that will extinguish all the flames of intelligence and virtue that have been kindled by contact with civilization. In this way only can the Government hope to escape the humiliating relapses which many years ago discouraged missionary societies from any further attempts at educating Indian pupils away from their tribes. An appropriation of not less than $50,000 should be made by Congress at its next session to properly equip existing reservation schools for industrial work. "Day Schools.-Eleven new day schools have been opened this year, but four day schools have become boarding-schools, and twelve have been discontinued, so that the whole number now in operation is 101, five less than last year. Most of those discontinued were small schools, maintained in the Indian camps by religious societies. It is as common a belief that the boarding should supercede the day-school as it is that training-schools remote from the Indian country ought to be substituted for those located in the midst of the Indians. But I trust that district schools will be established in Indian settlements, which will serve not only as centres of enlightenment for those neighborhoods, but will give suitable employment to returned students, especially the young women, for whom it is specially difficult to provide." INDIAN JUDGES-NEW RULES PROMULGATED. The Indian policy of the Secretary of the Interior, was given definite shape by the promulgation of a circular by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the guidance of the several Indian agents. This circular contains a series of rules, the first of which provides for a court of Indian offences at each inspection agency, to consist of two men selected from the most intelligent, moral, and reliable of the tribe, who shall at stated sessions hear and adjudge offences. The court is empowered to enforce its decisions, the only appeal being to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs at Washington. Each judge is to be appointed for a term of one year, subject to removal at any time at the discretion of the Commissioner. They are to receive $20 a month salary. This court is to have jurisdiction over all Indian offences enumerated in the new rules. The first of these offences named are the sun-dance, the scalp-dance, and all other so-called sports assimilating thereto, the penalty for which for the first offence, is the withholding of rations for fifteen days, and the second offence the withholding of rations not less than ten days or not more than thirty, or by incarceration in the agency prison for a period not exceeding thirty days or both. Another offence designated is plural marriage, the penalty of which is a fine of $20, or work at hard labor for a period of twenty days, or both. The proceeds of this penalty are to be donated to the benefit of the tribe to which the offender belongs. Rations are also to be withheld from husbands who fail to support their wives. Medicine men are also held to be offenders against the civilization of agencies, and any attempt on their part to prevent the attendance of children at the agency school, or to influence the tribe to continue their heathenish rites, is to be punishable by ten days' solitary confinement on bread and water. The destruction of any tribal property is also to be punished by imprisonment for a term not exceeding thirty days, or until such times as evidence satisfactory to the court that the offence will not be repeated. Each agent is instructed to present the new rules to the several tribes at once, and to send in the names for the judgeships as soon as possible, so that no time may be lost in the establishment of the new system.-Japi Oaye for Second month. THE MORALS OF INTELLECT, In Moncure D. Conway's new biographical study of Emerson, is a letter written by the sage to the author, which finely expresses his views of the responsibilities of intellect. "I believe," he writes, "what interests both you and me most of all things, and whether we know it or not, is the morals of intellect; in other words, that no man is worth his room in the world who is not commanded by a legitimate object of thought. The earth is full of frivolous people, who are bending their whole force and the force of nations on trifles, and these are baptized with every grand and holy name, remaining, of course, totally inadequate to occupy any mind; and so skeptics are made. A true soul will disdain to be moved except by what natively commands it, though it should go sad and solitary in search of its master a thousand years. The few superior persons in each community are so by their steadiness to reality and their neglect of appearances. This is the euphrasy and rue that purge the intellect and insure insight. Its full rewards are slow but sure; and yet I think it has its reward on the instant, inasmuch as simplicity and grandeur are always better than dapper ness. THE FLOODS AND THE FORESTS. Streams that are raging torrents at one time and dry beds of dust in another are common to the treeless plains of the great western plateau in our own country, to the barren steppes of Russia, to the arid central plains of Spain, and everywhere that large tracts of land engender heat and aridity, without trees to generate moisture or check the floods when the atmospheric cold is precipitated in rain or snow. It is a well understood fact that forests at tract as well as generate moisture, and that a mer. It is the opinion of Prof. Marsh, and other accomplished scientists, that the barrenness of Central Asia was produced by the wastefulness of the early inhabitants in cutting down the trees, and that they were thustransposed from fertile and well-peopled plains to the barren and arid wastes they now are. Whether this is so or not, it is certain When one flood occurs it may be set down that their climatic disadvantages are the reas an extraordinary cataclysm of nature, but sult of a lack of forests, and that, if they when there are two in succession presenting could be planted with trees, they would once the same features, and evidence of more gen- more be fertile and populous. Trees also aneral conditions that invite, if they do not pro-swer another purpose in preventing floods. duce them, it is time to consider whether they are natural or artificial, and whether anything can be done to alleviate or diminish them. The great floods of the Ohio follow those on a lesser scale of last year, and there is a prospect that, as the surcharged rivers pour into the Mississippi, there will be a repetition of the disaster by the swelling floods all the way from Cairo to the Gulf, doing great damage, if not in such enormous proportions as that of last season. The floods of the Ohio have certainly increased in numbers and in magnitude within living experience, and, while excessive damage is the result of an extraordinary season, there has been an evident change in the condition of the river. The waters have been higher in winter and lower in summer, and the raging flood of one season has been succeeded by a stream so diminished as to interfere with ordinary navigation in another. Part of this may be due to extraordinary conditions of the weather and to climate variations of an atmospheric nature, but the circumstances are exactly those which occur in countries denuded of forests, and are produced by well known conditions of that cause. The roots and undergrowth absorb the moisture from the top of the earth as well as from beneath, and act as a great sponge, holding and retaining the moisture after a rainfall until it slowly drips away without causing a flood. Again the heavy deposits of snow and ice are sheltered by the trees from being immediately acted upon by the sun, and the melting goes on so slowly that it cannot precipitate a torrent. Both in equalizing a rainfall and in preventing a flood forests serve a most effective purpose, and their loss is a much more important one than in its relation to the timber supply. There can scarcely be any doubt that the reckless destruction of the timber about the headwaters, and along the banks and tributary streams of the Ohio and other rivers as well, has begun to produce its effects, and that, if the floods of this year and the last are due in a measure to extraordinary atmospheric conditions, they are aggravated and precipitated by artificial circumstances. It is certainly time to call a halt in the destruction of forests. The rate even now is much greater than the growth, and it will be con stantly increased in greater proportions. It is jurors to convict, judges to sentence, and gova difficult subject to handle by legislation, and ernors to leave unpardoned, the open, flagrant, is in the line of what has never before been at- unconcealed violators of such liquor laws as tempted except on a small scale in this coun- we already possess. When that public sentitry. But it must be met and considered, if ment is aroused we can profitably consider we would not escape very serious evils. A what further and better legislation is called raid on the forests of Canada will afford but for. We can advantageously charge a higher a temporary relief, and there must be the vol- license fee, and limit the number of licenses; untary use of more stable and substantial we can perhaps properly give to each local material for building, or else an intelligent community the right to regulate or prohibit and stringent forestry law regulating the pri- the liquor traffic within its own bounds; but vilege of cutting and providing for regular whatever we do we must recognize the fact growth such as is maintained in France, or that in a Republic law is never stronger than in a very few years there will be such a de- the public sentiment behind it, and, therefore, struction of the forests as will threaten very that what is a wise law in one locality may serious evils and perhaps produce such con- be a very foolish one in another. Affirmaditions as in Spain and other countries, where tive work ought to accompany repressive trees cannot be made to grow because of the measures. Men are tempted to drink by the climatic difficulties produced by the original fact that the drinking shop is often the only destruction of the forests. The laws and reg-place where they can find a warmed and ulations of forestry are really one of the most serious economical problems now before the country.-Providence Journal. JOHN G. WHITTIER ON THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION. Some six weeks ago, The Christian Union addressed a letter to a score of representative men in different parts of the country, asking them to tell its readers what practical measures they could suggest to reduce the present evils of drunkenness and the liquor traffic. There were numerous answers to this question from men of widely different views on many subjects, but on the great question of temperance they were agreed that immediate practical measures ought to be taken to stop the enormous evil of the drinking custom of the day. The Christian Union says: However men may differ respecting Biblical interpretation, or the scientific uses of alcohol and its function in the body, or the rights and duties of the State and the individual, all good men agree that the present drinking habits of American society are an enormous evil; morally, socially, politically. The first thing for them to do is to drop their discussions with one another, and make common cause against a common enemy. In this, the first end to be attained is an aroused public opinion on the subject, to be educated by the pulpit, the platform, and the press, but yet more in society and in the family, and most of all by persistent personal and social example. Before moving to get new and stronger legislation, we should create a public sentiment strong enough to enforce such laws as we now have; a public sentiment which will compel policemen to arrest, grand juries to indict, political attorneys to prosecute, petit lighted room and good company; these substitutes for a home ought to be provided in well-regulated coffee-houses conducted on temperance principles, and not made so ostentatiously pious as to repel the men whom they should attract. Finally, the great, ultimate,. radical remedy is in the development of character, in such a change wrought in human nature as will make the reason, the moral sense, and the spiritual nature supreme, and the animal appetites subordinate; a change which only faith in God and the hopes and fears of immortality can produce. "I am one of those who have hoped that checked and finally abolished by legislative the dreadful evil of intemperance might be action. I still believe in the right and duty of the community to protect itself by legal enactments, whenever there is a public sentiment strong enough to enforce the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage. But recent events, especially the results of the late elections, have convinced me that a great work of moral suasion and personal example must be done before law can be made available. The popular mind must be educated up to a higher level, the precepts of Christian morality must find a more general acceptance in practice, and a nobler manhood and womanhood developed which shall hold sensual appetite under the stern control of reason, conscience and duty. In this way only can the way be prepared for efficient legislation. "I despair of seeing any direct assistance from political parties to the cause of temperance, but the great majority of the individuals composing these parties have a moral sense which may be awakened into action by the precept and example of the self-sacrificing men and women who have so nobly devoted themselves to the work. Knowing how much has been accomplished already, I cannot doubt of ultimate complete success. Sixty years ago no voice was raised against the sale and free use of intoxicating liquors. All classes drank without apparent scruple. A large per cent. |