orifice of the tube, was 165 degrees Fahren- | power of that "inner or spiritual light" to heit, and the volumetric yield 262,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. The yield was afterwards reduced to 167,200 gallons on account of the bore being lined with wooden tubes, which reduced its diameter. The water obtained disengages carbolic acid in abundance, and also contains nitrogen and a little sulphurated hydrogen, and eighty grains per gallon of fixed matters, chiefly sulphates and carbonates of potash, soda, lime, and magnesia.-Selected. FRIENDSHIP. There are some men whom to love is itself an education, although they through whom that beneficent result comes may be all unconscious of it. Nor can one who has been so enriched ever wholly lose that which he has gained; friends may he parted by space, by time, or may come to look at each other through the mist of a mutual misunderstanding; but the deepening of the character which has come through friendship, the wider knowledge of self and of others, and of God, which is the direct result of any unselfish love, can never heedlessly be lost or wilfully cast away. Every new and true friendship makes a man more than he was before. There is no possibility of friendship, without each of the friends exercising a moulding influence upon the other, and, so to speak, contributing something to the other's being. Hebrew proverbial philosophy caught that truth long ago, and embodied it in the saying which inspiration has immortalized: "Iron sharpeneth iron; so a man sharpeneth the countenance [the entire presentment] of his friend." And in this mutual sharpening and shaping process each party is enriched and neither is impoverished; for the double blessing of giving and receiving falls graciously upon both.S. S. Times. which they called the people back, it seems eminently proper that every Friend in these days, should make the earnest query for himself, "What have I to do in this cause?" The primary conception, and ruling spirit of the movement has been, we believe, the recognition of the truth that the Divine Father is an ever-present and unfailing guide in every human heart that puts its trust in Him-a guide, sufficient to lead from all error into the sunlight of eternal truth. Whatever have been the lessons, during the fifteen years of its existence, whether impressed by stories, by familiar talks, by the study of Friends' principles, or the Scriptures of Truth, this doctrine of God within, has been the one central faith and hope. The teachers, in simple, humble, loving earnestness, with the means at hand, have sought to strengthen reliance upon this power. Much care has been felt to avoid contro versies concerning creeds and dogmas, or to disturb the preconceived opinions of any. Whatever the peculiar religious views of the pupil might be, the desire in this school has been to instill the importance of "righteous living rather than rigid belief," leaving the latter to shape itself as the heart became tender and the life grew pure. concern and effort has been, to encourage in With the younger classes especially, the each, a conscientious regard for the promptings of duty to one another and to parents, and that each should cultivate in himself all sympathetic impulses that tend to useful work in the elevation of humanity to purer lives and nobler action. And, as the Master has so beautifully assured us, that "Inasmuch as me," so we have felt that in teaching the lesye did it unto the least of these, ye did it unto the foundations to pass in knowledge from the sons of charity and love, we were but laying seen to the unseen-from the love of mankind to the love of God. ADDRESS FROM THE FIRST-DAY SCHOOL ASSO-Some fathers and mothers have been willing There is an opening in the school for all. CIATION OF NEW YORK. At the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of Friends' First-day School Association of New York City, a deep exercise was felt that some statement of the character of the work that engages the attention of the schools, together with the results felt to have been secured already, was due to those who have so generously supplied the means to carry them on, and due also to those who have a moral influence and support to give in the future. If our teaching is in harmony with the spirit of George Fox and his co-laborers, if we are seeking a knowledge of the moving to sit humbly at the feet of the Master, or study the words of the highly inspired of all ages, and seek wisdom in their teachings. The union of the adult class with the school has proved a source of strength and encouragement to the young, and enlivened the interest of those who joined in the class. We feel that instead of inspiring distracting thoughts, the reading and friendly inquiry after the truth of the thought of the author, have truly served to furnish food for deep and earnest communion. And the solemn service of the meeting is entered upon with hearts overflowing with love and trust. And can we believe that such spirits, even though silent, can fail to pervade the meeting? Two practical results have certainly followed from the organization of the school at Twenty-seventh street, fifteen years ago. The first is the regular attendance at meeting of a large portion of the young people connected with the school. But of far more importance is the impression of the substantial principles of our faith upon their hearts, leading them to an active interest in good works. We have the abundant evidence of this, in three notable services which are clearly an outgrowth of the school. The Young Friends' Aid Society has been for years, quietly but earnestly engaged in relieving distress and dispensing comfort to the afflicted. With what efficiency this has been done, the annual reports show. The Friends' Temperance Union has, we feel, done much to keep alive in the minds of our young people our testimonies against the dangers of the great evil of intemperance. Its aim has been to establish firmly, in the young, the principle that there is safety only in total abstinence. The record and standing of those who have shared its influence, testify to the wisdom of the move. The third and latest work of humanity, traceable directly to the First-day school teaching, is the mission school. The conception of this school and its history is best told by a brief extract from the first annual report of its superintendent. "On the 7th of 11th month, 1880, three Friends' invited a number of young women and young men to meet with them, for the purpose of organizing a class for the study of Friends' principles, and the early history of the Society, to which there was an encouraging response. The class was organized as proposed, and continued, it is believed, with interest and profit to all who attended until about one year ago. "As the main object of the organization of this class, was to engage the interest and attention of the young people connected with our meeting, it was felt by all, that there was a desire on their part to be engaged in some work—to be doing something-which concern soon took practical shape, in an earnest effort to organize a school composed of scholars not in any way connected with our Society, and to teach them, as far as ability might be afforded, those plain precepts of practical righteousness and truth, which so prominently distinguished and illustrated the characters and teachings of the early Friends. "The instruction given the children has been, as far as possible, removed from everything of a doctrinal or sectarian character, and the effort has been made to impress upon their minds the importance of right-thinking, right-speaking and right-acting, so that they may grow up with strong characters, and become useful men and women. The effort has been made to conduct the school in accordance with the usages and principles of Friends, and we believe the children have appreciated this quiet way of doing. In the absence of the attractions many of them find elsewhere, the success in holding them to the school, must be attributed to the influence of the teachers upon them for good." This school, in but little more than one year, has enrolled over one hundred pupils, and has trebled its average attendance. If, then, it is seen that our First-day School has been the inspiration to three humanitarian works of such moment in these days, and at the same time has tended to develop, in the minds of many, a deeper interest in the practical interests of our Society, may we not feel that the fruits have been of Divine origin, and the reliance for securing them has been upon the over-ruling power for good, which alone can develop such lives of usefulness. In conclusion, we earnestly appeal to each member of our meeting, as they may come to feel that our work is approved of by the Master, and will tend to quicken our faith and interest, to lend as way may open to them, as generous a moral, as they ever have the material support. On behalf of the Association, GEO. A. MCDOWELL, Clerk. For Friends' Intelligencer. HOME EXCURSIONS. The dwellers in the cities and towns of Eastern Pennsylvania, so situated as to be unable to take much time for a summer trip, have compensation in the number of pleasant and beatifully picturesque places that lie at our very doors. A two days' jaunt recently taken was so inspiring that we are ready to note it down for the benefit of others who may have a little leisure for home sights, though it will be too late for this season to again revel in the freshness and beauty of the month of roses. Taking Philadelphia as a starting point, with Reading, Pa., for a destination, in view of fine weather and the luxurious greenness of the season, we choose "the longest way round as being the nearest way there.' Leaving Broad street station, we buy tickets for West Chester, via Media, and are even rushing out of the city and nearing Swarthmore almost before we are properly settled in our seats. A passing glance reveals the College reposing grandly amid its lovely green surroundings, giving no hint of being so recently a fine monument of blackened walls. As we note its beautiful location, we almost marvel at the insight, or rather foresight, that led to its selection for a school, and a silent petition arises that the guardian care exercised over its inmates be so wise and prudent that heart and head be both so trained when they go forth from its walls they will reflect honor on homes and schools, and society be the gainer for the lives now sheltered here. There is a pretty view from the bridge near Wallingford, and a still prettier one west of Media, where we catch a glimpse of the school for feeble-minded children, and are conscious of two conflicting emotions- one of sorrow that there are such, and one of gladness that here they are so well cared for. We soon reach Glen Riddle, a little factory town, nestled lovingly between the hills; not so neat and tasteful as Angora, a similar village near the city, but its position is more picturesque. A halt, and Westtown greets us, as a new station name, that tells of our close proximity to that famous boarding school, and we send a glance across the welltilled fields, and see only a grove of trees, yet we know there are there gathered happy school children, and are glad for them that they have such a pleasant, quiet retreat for study, away from the noise and bustle of travel. But a halt comes, and we are for a few hours in West Chester, one of the very pret tiest of our inland towns. Here there is lit tle noise of worldly traffic and less whirr and tle noise of worldly traffic and less whirr and hum of noisy machinery. Here the wealthy farmers live in large houses, with small families, and enjoy the quiet of the place. And who could not enjoy it? See these noble trees, some of them rare beauties! Their park is small, but with such trees! Yes, we remember. This town was the home of a Darlington, a Townsend, a Hoopes-all botanists of note. And the park is called Marshall Square. That gives us another clue. Humphrey Marshall was also a Chester county man. Citizens of West Chester, you have a rich legacy in the trees and plants and flowering shrubs which so adorn and beautify your homes. These pioneer botanists did not live for themselves alone, but for posterity. See to it that in your turn generations to come may have cause to bless your memories. The time is too short to see all the beautiful homes and handsome nursery grounds, covering acres and acres, Two large meeting-houses (for this is pre-eminently a Quaker town), a number of churches, many schools (both public and private), with banks and stores, all tend to make it a good place to dwell, if not one where money is made. Taking the stage to Lenape, a small station on the Wilmington and Northern Railroad, we enjoy the ride past fields of fragrant clover, whose beautiful heads are already beginning to fall beneath the cruel knives of the clattering mower; the hedgerows are literally ablaze with wild roses, which we regretfully pass, but are not proof against the temptation to catch a beautiful young plover, as it fluttered by the roadside, trying its new wings, the stage-driver' good naturedly waiting till we had feasted our eyes on its downy beauty and released it, to the comfort of the startled mother bird. At Lenape the train from Wilmington picked us up, and we wind along Brandywine, noting the rye and grain fields waving gracefully, giving promise of abundant harvests. Past iron furnace and forge and quarry, arriving at Reading, we tarry for the night, and look around us. Quite a contrast does this city of Berks county (with its 45,000 inhabitants, largely sons of toil in factories of iron, steel, brass, wood and cotton) present to its neighbor borough in Chester county. Here all is noise and smoke and bustle. Its manufacturing interests are immense, and if the majority of its people falls behind their neighbor in culture and refinement, they are not without their compensations in many ways. lovely wooded heights of Penn and White Spot and Neversink, its winding river and many pretty haunts, delight the visitor, and it needs but good boarding houses, and less devotion to beer and pretzels, to make it a favorite resort for summer travel. Its One cannot fail to be interested in its 6,000 school children, of many nationalities, but principally German Americans, and in its thousands of factory workers, toiling day by day to give us comfort in many ways. One of the industries, spectacle making, interests us as we are told of the delicate, almost human, automatic instruments that are used in the maufacture of these useful articles. Then the large number made, one little girl alone tempering by means of heat 11,000 steel frames daily. We wonder where so many can be used. Thirty-three churches supply the spiritual needs of the place, and with these the plain, neat house of the Friends. We learn this meeting holds its own quiet little membership, without much gain, and this is not surprising, as our mode of worship has little to attract persons whose lives are spent amid the noise of machinery. Appreciation of the silent forces of nature, within or without us, can hardly be expected here. some of the best Englishmen were doubtful, A new attraction, in the shape of a large hotel, is about to be erected on the top of Neversink Mountain, to be reached in a similar way as the famous Switch Back at Mauch Chunk. It is to be hoped it will be kept so as to attract good pleasure seekers, for its fine outlook and pure air will be un-it. I see one vast confederation stretching rivaled. At night Reading is brilliant with electric lights, and the many fires of its many forges, and a climb up the hill well repays one in the grand sight at our feet. At the close of the week Penn street is literally filled, and looks like a modern Vanity Fair." Little thought is given to any quiet preparation for the coming Sabbath, and we of Friendly training could find small comfort in this show; nevertheless it is a pleasant place to visit, and we bid adieu regretfully to kind hearts, in a truly hospitable home, and swiftly glide over the much-traveled Reading Railroad back to our post of work and duty, thankful for the brief outlook on nature at a season when days are perfect, and life amid such beauty renews its youth and freshness. G. F. JOHN BRIGHT. from the frozen North in an unbroken line to the glowing South, and from the wild billows of the Atlantic westward to the calmer waters of the Pacific main; and I see one people and one language, and one law and one faith, and over all that wide continent the home of freedom and a refuge for the oppressed of every race and of every clime."-Christian Union. GROWING OLD. Young people with high hopes and brilliant anticipations often look with pity upon one who has passed the prime of life. "Ah," they say, "he is growing old. He has seen his best days. How sorry we are for him!" They are greatly mistaken. He is seeing his best days now. Never, in earlier life, was his spirit so buoyant and bright as it is at present. As the harvest is more precious than the young and tender corn, as autumn is richer than spring, so the one who has had a long life possesses stores of knowledge and wisdom which the youth of twenty summers cannot comprehend. He can revel in the pleasures of the past and study the philosophy that is given him in the incidents which have occurred in his own life and that of others. At the same time he keeps pace with the improvements of the present, and realizes their advantages as a younger person cannot do. He has analyzed and digested both his sweet and bitter experiences, and in some cases perceives the good accruing to him from the latter; how, had his most ardent desires been then gratified, the result would have been disastrous to himself. The commemoration of the completion of John Bright's term of twenty-five years as Representative of Birmingham in the English Parliament occupied the whole of last week, and was participated in by all England. Monstrous gatherings, addresses of congratulation, and every form of popular demonstration testified to the love of the English people for their great Commoner. The reception of John Bright at Birmingham resembled a royal progress; the Quaker statesman passing through miles of densely crowded and cheering people. Nothing in recent times has called out such enthusiasm throughout England, and the demonstrations of respect and recognition of great public services evidenced Thus he has learned to look with comparaanew the fact that the great middle classes of tive complacency upon every event in life, England are devotedly attached to the Lib- however untoward it may seem, knowing not eral party. John Bright's public career illus-only that it is ordered by infinite love and trates in the highest degree the truth that even in public life no success is so substantial as that won by personal rectitude and political independence. No public question of the last twenty-five years has found John Bright neutral; he has often differed from his party, and more than once separated himself from the Liberal ministries, but he has always held the confidence and love of the great constituency whom he, as much as any man in England, represents. Americans will join with England in a whole-hearted recognition of John Bright's services not only to England but to civilization. They can never forget that in the hour when friends were few, and when wisdom, but that it means for himself a greater growth and a higher happiness. Knowing that he has passed through most of the vicissitudes of life, he is strong and happy in the prospect of a future more uniform, and free from care and anxiety. He is aware that he shall not again suffer as he has done, while with a cultivated taste and a mind made strong and active by the discipline of years, he is more free and able than ever to pursue and enjoy the pleasures they afford. Then the distinction and reverence bestowed upon him by younger people is another source of legitimate delight. In public assemblies and in traveling they rise to give him the best places and eagerly offer their assistance whenever any little difficulty or obstruction occurs. Thus he journeys on towards the sunset of life, with the sky ever growing brighter and more beautiful. Truly his condition is to be envied, and his number of years greatly to be desired.-E. A. Kingsbury, in the Woman's Journal. MANY of the most devout have little visible emotion, and many of the most penitent never shed a tear; but their piety and their repentante are deep, still, and changeless. They begin in the spirit and they end in the spirit. M. A. Warren. EN VOYAGE. Whichever way the wind doth blow The wind that blows, that wind is best. My little craft sails not alone; A thousand fleets from every zone For winds to waft me on my way; Then, whatsoever wind doth blow, THERE are some hearts like wells, greenmossed and deep NATURAL HISTORY STUDIES.—our wood PECKERS. 'Hast thou named all the birds without a gun? Loved the wild rose and left it on its stalk? O, be my friend, and teach me to be thine!" When Wilson, the ornithologist, came to this country the first bird he saw and secured was the redheaded woodpecker. His sensations of delight and admiration were remembered years after, when he gave it a prominent place in his book and described it as the most beautiful bird he ever beheld. This bird, Picus erythrocephalus, is one of our most common woodpeckers, and with such brilliant colors and active habits is also best known. It must be a very unobservant person who dosen't know a "red-head." The glossy black body, with broad band of white across the back, is headed by deepest crimson, the color extending far down the neck. The red-head likes to stay about the orchard in fruit time, and we can imagine his crimson head grows brighter from being so often dyed in the blood of the cherries, and the children know that the best apples on the tree are the ones he has tasted. Wilson says: "He is of a gay and frolicsome disposition, and half a dozen of the fraternity are frequently seen diving and vociferating around the high dead limbs of some large tree, playing with each other, and amusing the passer-by with their gambols." But though he is not above recreation, his general air is business-like, and his business is to catch worms. Not the worm "i' the bud "-he leaves such light work for the warblers and creepers, while he goes after the worm hidden deep in the wood, where only his strong sharp bill can penetrate. What a fine ear he has! See how he gives tap after tap where he suspects his prey, then turns his head one side and listens for sound of stirring within. When assured of it he falls at it with a will, and his vigorous strokes soon lay open the nest of grubs that are eating out the life of the tree. His His rat-tat-tat is heard far through the woods-one of the most musical of sounds to saunterers-heard in the open field it sounds not unlike the chopping of a tree, and we know that And there are some like springs that bubbling "The woodpecker down in the pasture is burst To follow dusty ways, And run with offered cup to quench the thirst, That never ask the meadows if they want But God is like the ocean, deep and wide, That girdles the broad earth and draws the tide, Feeding and bearing all! drumming A tune on the old beech tree." Of the six woodpeckers found here this one is the third in size. called in the West "Indian hen." A few stay The largest woodpecker is the ivory bill, here in the deep woods throughout the year. The body is mostly black, with bright scarlet on head and throat. The most remarkable things about this bird is its bill; so long and strong and polished, one is not surprised to -Carl Spencer. | hear of the work it does. Next in size is the |