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the offensive, unhealthful odors emitted from factories, gas works, etc. When in England, Mrs. Walton received the congratulations of British officials for it, as one of the greatest inventions of the age.

The inventions of a nation are closely connected with the freedom of its people. During the reign of George III. the average yearly number of patents taken out in Great Britain was but fourteen. At present the average is five thousand, while in the United States it is eighteen thousand. This difference is directly traceable to the progress of freedom and education. While, as has been shown, many of the world's most important inventions are due to woman, the proportion of feminine inventors is much less than of masculine, which arises from the fact that woman does not possess the same amount of freedom as man. Restricted in education, industrial opportunities, and political power, this is one of many instances where her degradation reacts injuriously upon the race. The majority of inventions are the result of much consideration and self-reliant thought. Inventors must not only possess full freedom to exercise their powers, but there must also be a certain welcome and protection to their ideas. Deprived, as woman is, of political power, she has to face contempt of her sex, open and covert scorn, of womanhood, depreciatory allusions to her intellectual powers,all tending to hamper the expression of her inventive genius.

It is scarcely thirty years since the first State protected a married woman in the use of her own brain property. Under these conditions, legally incapable of holding property, and trained, as she has been, to seclusion, dependence, and abeyance of thought, that woman has not been an inventor to an equal extent with man is not so much a subject of surprise as that she should have invented at all.

While every invention, however small, develops new industries, provides work for a multitude of people, increases commercial activity, adds to the revenues of the world, and renders life more desirable, great inventions broaden the boundaries of human thought, bring about social, religious, and political changes, hurrying mankind on to a new civilization. Lecky forcibly shows the loss to the world from the celibacy and martyrdom of the best human element in the past. No less is the darkness of the world kept more dense, and its civilization retarded, by all forms of thought, customs of society, or systems of law which prevent the full development and exercise of woman's inventive powers.

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The Bethanys of this our world-have waiting
Whose inward might is ever bound to do their
Marys still,
Master's will;

It matters not, that all unseen, they build sovery low

The vulture's eye will never stoop their hidden path to know.

And yet, so very near their Lord this secret pathway brings,

That, sometimes, they can almost feel the folding of His wings: So near, so very near, they seem to see the open door,

And hear the footfalls of His step upon the golden floor.

souls to Thee,

Oh, Holy Dove! Be ever thus! So draw our That earth's dim mists may all be lost in thine immensity!

NIAGARA FALLS.

At last something has been done by the State of New York to preserve the beauty of one of the noblest pieces of scenery in the world. The Niagara Falls bill, which passed the Assembly last week by a vote of 68 to 39, provides for the appointment of an unpaid commission to select certain lands near the Falls to be reserved by the State forever, and to efface, so far as possible, the disfigurements which have already been made by landowners. This bill comes not a moment too soon, and aided, as it will be if it becomes a law, by private generosity, will preserve a landscape which really belongs to the world. In two years Goat Island will be for sale, and unless secured will be given over to mills and factories, a result which would finally and permanently deface the glorious picture

mon vessel for the whole of us to drink from. The dose was not an agreeable one by any means, and sometimes I fear there was some pretense made as to the quantity that was taken in at each round of the bowl. Fortunately, our Akabah Sheikh, Sehlami, who was chronically hungry, came into the tent while the thing was going on, and giving myself credit for more than usual quickwittedness I passed the bowl to him. To my great satisfaction he absorbed nearly its entire contents. You can imagine what a relief this was when I tell you that our dragoman assured us that no further dish would be served until this one was all taken care of. Coffee was now again served, and then long discussions followed upon subjects which we could not understand, during the interlude.

in which the United States and Canada have | goat's milk was brought in, and made a coma joint interest. The Niagara Falls Association, of which the Rev. J. B. Harrison, Franklin Falls, N. H., is corresponding secretary, are endeavoring to arouse public interest, and to raise funds sufficient to preserve Goat Island, and to secure to the State a strip of ground in the immediate vicinity of the Falls, by buying out the owners of mills along the shores of the river, by preventing hereafter and forever the erection of any such unsightly structures. They invite and deserve the heartiest co-operation. It is a notable fact that a somewhat similar agitation is now going on in England with regard to the Lake country, that wild and beautiful section whose charm was first discovered by the poet Gray, and has since been immortalized by a whole school of English poets. It is proposed to run a railroad through one of the finest passes among the lakes, and thus to destroy in part one of the finest pieces of scenery in England. The English, like ourselves, are beginning to discover that there are more things in life than the making of money, and that civilization has sometimes higher interests than those that are known technically as "business interests."-Christian Union.

HOSPITALITY OF THE BEDOUINS.

The generosity of the Bedouins is worth noticing. It was a common thing when entering the territory of any tribe to receive from them an immediate visit, usually by the Sheikh of the tribe, who would extend to us the welcome necessary to make us feel easy in their realm, and would offer us coffee and tobacco, and sometimes be very prompt in bringing along with him a sheep or a goat for our acceptance as a present.' When it could be afforded, we were not only invited to accept their "hospitality," but we were almost forced to do so. This was a corner which we always tried to escape from if we possibly could. But there were two or three times when the matter was insisted upon, and where no excuse of fatigue,. sickness, or indisposition would be accepted.

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Well do I remember how, one afternoon, we were caught in this way by a tribe who would not take "no" for an answer. We were marched to their "hospitality tent," and retained by them for nearly four hours, until they had satisfied their desire for extending "hospitality" to us. The cloth was spread upon the tent floor, and we were seated alternately with the natives upon it. Coffee was then made close by over a good warm fire of turfa bushes, and served in china cups, first to the "father" of the family, then to the rest. After going the rounds of the host's family it again came to us, the operation being repeated five or six times. Then a large bowl of sour

Several times our hosts seemed to quarrel violently among each other, and rising would draw their swords and blunderbusses upon one another. Just at the point, when the thing became interesting, and we really felt we should be treated to a show of Bedouin blood, two or three of the brethren would seize the combatants by the shoulders, separate them, and, taking their weapons away, compel them to become "sahib " (friendly), and fall upon one another's necks, and kiss and hug until the evil spirit had departed from them.

After the second serving of the coffee the old Sheikh came into the tent leading a lamb, which, with patriarchal fondness, he patted upon the head, and then by his demonstrations gave us to understand that it was to be "sacrificed" for our hospitality. We grew faint at the thought that we must still wait until the lamb was killed and cooked before we could finish the process we were undergoing; but there was no help for it. So, declaring that everything was "tayib" (good), we tried to be patient. The old man then departed, with a grim smile upon his face and the lamb under his arm, and we proceeded to enjoy the entertainment which was going on before us.

In due season a large wooden bowl of Bedouin manufacture was brought in, steaming with the contents, which was prepared for our hospitality. The bowl was lined with Egyptian bread cakes. Then the lamb was put in the centre. So long had we been waiting that we were thoroughly hungry, and the offering not only smelled good, but we soon proved that it tasted good. No plate, or fork, or knife, or aught to handle the savory mess was provided, and therefore as the bowl was passed around we were compelled to help ourselves to one of the cakes of bread. Then with the fingers we reached such portions of

It may be well to notice that the above plant is closely allied to the Geraniums and Balsams, both of which forcibly eject their seeds.

meat as we thought would suit us, dexter-nomenon ourselves, and are fully prepared to ously dipping from it upon the cake so much confirm the statement. of the delectable juice of the meat as we thought would serve us. Then with the help of our fingers we proceeded to eat-dipping again in the dish from time to time as we desired further portions, sharing its contents with the twelve or thirteen dusky men who sat about the bowl with us. Glad were we indeed when this operation was over, and we could leave for our tent. We tried to appear "satisfied," and our entertainers seemed more than "satisfied,"-Correspondent of the Presbyterian.

NATURAL HISTORY STUDIES.

The Spiderwort, Tradescantia Virginica, has many characters of interest as well as beauty. With a low-power microscope, the hairs springing from the filaments appear as strings of blue beads, each bead being a cell, while under a much higher power, the conditions being favorable, currents may be seen in the contents, in the form of narrow, more or less, longitudinal streams carrying along small particles of granular matter in their course. Whether the common name is deBotany. - Of the numerous flowers appear-rived from these delicate hairs, or from the ing during the month we can only call attention to a few, and in doing so we shall draw appearance presented by threads of the viscid almost exclusively from our own Notes taken juice of the plant on breaking apart the stem, during the same period of last year. The The spores or fruit of the Horse-tail Rush, we cannot say, but presumably the latter. Greek Valerian, Polemonium reptans, may be found in moist places, easily recognized by Equisetum arvense, also interest the microits rich blue flowers and pinnate leaves. It scopist. They are easily obtained from the is perhaps better known here by the name of fertile spike of the plant, which is borne on Jacob's Ladder, which is more properly ap-six inches high. The fertile stems appear a leafless, reddish-brown stem from four to plied only to its sister species, P. cæruleum, about the time the green branching sterile occurring in the north and west. The Lousewort, Pedicularis Canadensis, occurs in clear- stems are just bursting through the surface ings and open woodlands, and is known by piece of paper in a dry place will deposit an of the ground. A few of these laid on a the hairy clustered stems, pinnatifid leaves, abundance of spores, which appear much as and yellowish or purplish flowers, which, owing to the curving of the rather long with two strap-shaped organs (elaters) which a green powder. Each spore is provided corolla tubes, are all turned from right to in the dry state are distended as four arms left, thus giving the whole head a twisted from the spore, but under the influence of the appearance. It seems to be a great favorite moisture produced by gently blowing the breath upon them they suddenly encircle the spore, and as suddenly reopen on withholding it. They should be so arranged that one may be watching and at the same time breathing on them. The foregoing scarcely indicates a fractional part of the numerous and interesting facts which are continually springing up before the eyes of the keen observer.

with the bumble bees.

Two Bellworts, belonging to the Lily Family, are often passed undistinguished; one, Uvularia perfoliata, as the specific name indicates, has the leaves perfoliate, while in U, sessilifolia they are merely sessile. The Spring Beauty, Claytonia Virginica, needs no description; but there are certainly some points of interest respecting its fertilization.

Last year numerous plants were examined and particular flowers marked; in such cases it was found that the stigmatic surfaces of the trifid style, on the day of opening, remained oppressed and the stamens nearly straight, while on the following day both stigmas and stamens were usually recurved. In more than one instance flowers reopened on the third day.

WILLIAM TRIMBLE.

In Student for Fifth mo.

To him who withdraws himself from his friends and acquaintances to seek after God, will God draw near with his holy angels.Thomas á Kempis.

ITEMS.

individuals interested in the protection of chilAN International Congress of societies and dren will be opened in Paris on the 15th of next month.

The Yellow Wood Sorrel, Oxalis stricta, likewise needs no description, but being informed by one who had the plant spontaneously growing, during this last winter, in the sand-boxes of a conservatory, that it forcibly projected its seed from the pod, we took an opportunity to witness the interesting phe-government.

the 29th ult., with 1200 immigrants, most of them sent over at the expense of the British

THE steamer Catalonia arrived at Boston on

THE latest reports of the condition of the | wheat crop in California indicate a more than average crop. The fruit crop will be the greatest ever known in the State."

THE dining rooms, with kitchens, where fish are to be prepared and eaten at the London Fisheries Exhibition, have been decorated and arranged at the expense of the Baroness Burdett-Coutts.

THE Royal Swedish Geographical Society has decided to appoint a committee consisting of Professors Nordenskjold and Glyden, and Consul Elfring, to consider the proposal for an international meridian and a conimon time.Pop. Sci. Mo.

THE additions to the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, during the past year, exceed those of any year since the organization of the Botanical section. They are estimated at 3,346 species, of which more than one-third were new to the collection, and include more than one hundred genera not before represented in it.-Pop. Sci. Mo.

A SHORT time ago Professor Henry Morton, of the Stevens Institute of Technology, delivered an address in New York city, in which he is said to have shown by experiments that "by a simple contrivance and at slight expense electricity could be used as a motive power, not merely to propel street cars, but to run the most complicated kind of machinery. The energy stored in a box a cubic foot large, he said, could take a car full of passengers from one end of New York city to the other. He claimed that 'the contrivance might exceed in value the invention of the telephone, as the secret of applying electricity as a motive power has hitherto been sought in vain."

IN Russia the sunflower is extensively cultivated for the oil its seed contains. The oil is palatable, clear and flavorless, and is used for adulterating olive oil, being exported from St. Petersburg to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Next to poppy-seed oil sunflower oil burns clearest and longest, so that the peasants apply it to household purposes. From the stalks of the plants they also make a good quality of potash, and the residue of the seeds, after the oil is extracted, is made into oil-cake. - The Continent.

EVERY State in the Union, except Florida, has now taken advantage of the Act of 1862 granting lands to aid in the establishment of schools for agricultural or mechanical instruction. The amount of land thus appropriated is 9,600,000 acres; and this generous endowment has been very largely increased by gifts from various States and individuals. It is almost certain that in time many of these colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts will become strong and wealthy institutions. In many of them, women are admitted under the same conditions as men. In Kansas, they are taught household hygiene, and receive practical instruction in the kitchen and the dairy. In Iowa, they are trained to nurse the sick. In the State College of Illinois, they study the science of food and diet; they are also trained in nursing, and in household æsthetics and home architecture. The value of such a tech

nical training as is here indicated can hardly be overestimated. The decadence of the apprentice system in this country has been a serious evil, and it may be that the schools of the future will do thoroughly what at best was only imperfectly accomplished under the old system. The American.

NOTICES.

FAIR HILL MEETING.

First-day Fifth mo. 13th, 3 P. M., at house of Maurice K. Peirce, 2833 Ń. Eleventh street.

FRIENDS' MISSION.

A religious meeting at Fairmount and Beach streets, First-day, 11 A. M., to which Friends are invited.

Friends desiring accommodations during New York Yearly Meeting, are requested to apply to Benj. Smith, Friends' Seminary, E. Sixteenth street, New York.

Friends interested in Guarded Education of Children, are invited to attend a meeting on this subject, to be held at Hopewell Meetinghouse, Va., at 3 o'clock, on the afternoon of First-day, Fifth mo. 20th, 1883, under auspices of Yearly Meeting Committee on Education.

E. M. LAMB, Clerk.

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FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER.

"TAKE FAST HOLD OF INSTRUCTION; LET HER NOT GO; KEEP HER; FOR SHE IS THY LIFE.

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VOL. XL.

PHILADELPHIA, FIFTH MONTH 19, 1883.

No. 14.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY AN ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS.

CONTENTS.

COMMUNICATIONS MUST BE ADDRESSED AND PAYMENTS MADE TO Samuel Bownas (continued)..

JOHN COMLY, AGENT,

AT PUBLICATION OFFICE, No. 1020 ARCH STREET.

TERMS:—TO BE PAID IN ADVANCE.

The Paper is issued every week.

The FORTIETH Volume commenced on the 17th of Second month, 1883, at Two Dollars and Fifty Cents to subscribers receiving it through mail, postage prepaid.

SINGLE NUMBERS SIX CENTS.

It is desirable that all subscriptions should commence at the beginning of the volume.

REMITTANCES by mail should be in CHECKS, DRAFTS, or P. O. MONEY-ORDERS; the latter preferred. MONEY sent by mail will be at the risk of the person so sending.

AGENTS:-Edwin Blackburn, Baltimore, Md.
Joseph S Cohu, New York.

Benj Strattan, Richmond, Ind.

Entered at the Post-Office at Philadelphia, Penna. as second-class

matter

For Friends' Intelligencer.

SAMUEL BOWNAS. (Continued from page 179.)

Samuel Bownas now turned his attention to worldly affairs, it being necessary for him to go into some permanent business to provide for the wants of a family. Some of his friends proposed one thing and some another; at last it was decided that he would undertake malting, he having worked some at making malt when he was an apprentice.

His stock was very small, but kind friends loaned him money, and he found at the end of three years the business answered beyond his expectation and was encouraged to proceed. He writes, "I went on with pleasure and took great care, and was very diligent in my business and in attending all meetings that I could reach in a morning's ride, as I found a concern so to do; and the comfort and happiness I enjoyed were great, for I could entertain my friends with a lodging and other necessaries in a plain way, which was very agreeable to both of us, and most friends that came, took a bed with us one or two nights as best suited their convenience."

Now the parson of the parish became clamorous for his church dues which had been accumulating for more than thirteen years, and Samuel was summoned before the justices. Much persuasion was used by the more moderate of the justices, to induce Samuel to settle up, urging that it "must be put into the

Simon and Andrew.

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exchequer, which would greatly increase the cost." He replied that he could do nothing towards making it up, that if it was "a matter of just debt" that he was satisfied was his neighbor's, the parson's due, he should soon end it and be as ready to pay as he was to receive it, but as it was not of that nature, he could by no means do it. means do it. So he was dismissed, and a little time after had an exchequer process served on him as he was on his way to Bristol in the prosecution of his business.

When the parson had him safely lodged in jail, he became very uneasy about it, and told his attorney "if he lost his claim he could by no means keep him there, for he had no rest or quietness of mind night or day." So the attorney ordered his release in the parson's name, after less than ten days confinement.

So

Samuel advised with his friends of "London Meeting for sufferings," who satisfied him that no further proceedings could be had, as the parson himself had put him in jail. the matter ended for that winter, but in the spring when Samuel was absent from home, a distant relative of his wife's called to borrow ten pounds, representing that he was on his way to a cattle fair and had need of the money. As the man had previously done a like favor for her husband, his wife made no hesitancy to loan him the money, taking his note for the amount. On the return of Samuel she gave him an account of the affair, and neither

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