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climate. She is, I suppose, the earliest reader
and admirer of Goethe in this country, and
nobody here knows him so well, Her love,
too, of whatever is good in French, and speci-
ally in Italian genius, gives her the best title
to travel.

Now, in the first place, I wish you to see
Margaret when you are in specially good
humor and have an hour of boundless leisure.
And I entreat Jane Carlyle to abet and exalt
and secure this satifaction to me. I need not,
and yet perhaps I need say, that M. F. is the
safest of all possible persons who ever took
pen in hand.
Prince Metternich's closet is
not closer or half so honorable. In the next
place, I should be glad if you could easily
show her the faces of Tennyson and Brown-
ing. She has a sort of right to them both,
not only because she likes their poetry, but
because she had made their merits widely
known among our young people. And be it
known to my friend Jane Carlyle, whom, if I
cannot see, I delight to name, that her visitor
is an immense favorite in the parlor as well
as in the library of all good houses where she
is known. And so I commend her to you."
This letter is dated "31 July, 1846."
Just six months later was written another
Just six months later was written another
from Emerson to Carlyle, acknowledging a
response from Carlyle. It runs thus: "My
Dear Carlyle. Your letter came with a bless-
ing last week. I had already learned from
Margaret Fuller, at Paris, that you had been.
very good and gentle to her; brilliant and
very good and gentle to her; brilliant and
prevailing, of course, but, I inferred, had ac-
tually restrained the volleys and modulated
the thunder, out of true courtesy and good-
ness of nature, which was worthy of all praise
in a spoiled conqueror at this time of day.
Especially, too, she expressed a true recogni-
tion and love of Jane Carlyle, and thus her
visit proved a solid satisfaction; to me, also,
who think that few people have so well earned
their pleasures as she.'

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mentary, so I had to read for myself, and can
say, in spite of my hard heartedness, I did
gain, though under impediments, a real satis-
faction and some tone of the Eternal Melo-
dies sounding afar off, ever and anon in my
ear! This is a fact, a truth in natural his--
tory, from which you are welcome to draw
inferences. A grand view of the universe,
everywhere the sound (unhappily, far off, as
it were) of a valient, genuine Human Soul:
this, even under rhyme, is a satisfaction worth
some struggling for. But indeed you are very
perverse, and through this perplexed undia-
phonous element, you do not fall on me like.
radiant summer rainbows, like floods of sun-
light, but with thin, piercing radinaces which
affect me like the light of stars. It is so.
wish you would become concrete, and write in
prose the straightest way."

I

Letter 105 is from Emerson to Carlyle, and is dated April 30, 1847. He had just received a most cordial invitation from Carlyle to visit England, and to make the philosopher's house at Chelsea his home. He replies: "Especially I ought to have told you how much pleasure your noble invitation in March gave me. This pleasing dream of going to England dances before me sometimes. It would be, I then fancy, that stimulation which my capricious, languid, and languescent study needs.

So I

the sea, that the terror of your English culIt is to be hoped that if one should crossture would scare the most desultory of Yankees into precision and fidelity, and perhaps I am not yet too old to be animated by what would have seemed to my youth a proud privilege. If you will fright me into labor and concentration, I shall win my game, for I can afford to pay any price to get my work well done. For the rest I hesitate, of course, to rush rudely on persons that have been so long invisible angels to me. No reasonable man but must hold these bounds in awe :-I—much more,—who ȧm of a solitary habit, from my childhood until now. will let the English voyage hang as an afternoon rainbow in the east, and mind my apples and pears for the present. You are to know that in these days I lay out a patch of orchard near my house, very much to the improvement, as all our household affirm, of our homestead. Though I have little skill in these things, and must borrow that of my neighbors, yet the works of the garden and In regard to the poems, Carlyle answers orchard at this season are fascinating, and will March 2, 1847, "I read your book all faith-eat up days and weeks, and a brave soldier fully at Bay House (our Hampshire quarters), where the obstinate people, with whom you are otherwise in prose, a first favorite-foolishly refused to let me read aloud; foolishly, for I would have made it mostly all plain by com

Later he adds: "Long before this time you ought to have received from John Chapman a copy of Emerson's Poems, so-called, which he was directed to send you. Poor man, you need not open them. I know all you can say, I printed them, not because I was decieved into a belief that they were poems, but because of the softness or hardness of heart of many friends here who made it a point to have them circulated."

should shun it like gambling, and take refuge in cities and hotels from these pernicious enchantments. For the present I stay in the new orchard."

On the 18th of May of the same year, Car

lyle writes: "About a week ago there came
your neighbor Hoar; a solid, sensible man,
-effectual looking man, of whom I hope to see
much more.
So soon as possible I got him
under way for Oxford, where I suppose he
was last week; both Universities was too much
for the limits of his time, so he preferred Ox-
ford, and now, this very day, I think, he was
to set out for the Continent, not to return till
the beginning of July, when he promises
to call here again. There was something
really pleasant to me in this Mr. Hoar, and I
had innumerable things to ask him of Con-
cord, concerning which topic we had hardly
got a word said when our first interview had
to end. I sincerely hope he will not fail to
keep his time in returning."

"You do very well, my Friend, to plant orchards, and fair fruit shall they grow (if it please Heaven), for your grandchildren to pluck; a beautiful occupation for the son of man, in all patriarchal and paternal times (which latter are patriarchal too)! But you are to understand withal that your coming here to lecture is taken as a settled point by all your friends here, and for my share I do not reckon upon the smallest doubt about the ·essential fact of it, simply on some calculation and adjustment about the circumstantials.

Unquestionably, you would get an immense quantity of food for ideas, though perhaps not at all in the way you anticipate, in looking about among us; nay, if you even thought us stupid, there is something in the godlike indifference with which London will accept and sanction even that verdict,-something highly instructive at least! And in short, for the truth must be told, London is properly your mother city too,-verily you have about as much to do with it

Carlyle replies (August 31). "As to your
visit here with us, there is but one to be said
and repeated: That a prophet's chamber is
ready for you in Chelsea, and a brotherly and
sisterly welcome on whatever day at whatever
hour you arrive.
Come; and we

shall see, we shall hear and speak! I do not
know another man in all the world to whom
I can speak with clear hope of getting_ade-
quate response from him.
And now
dear Emerson, Adieu. Will you next tell us
the when? O my friend
and let us meet under the sun.
Does not this joyous, confiding friendship
between two exceptionally great men furnish
a delightful chapter in literary annals? S. R.

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REPRESSION AND FAULT-FINDING.

Life for some children is one perpetual "don't." "don't." Our sympathies were recently enlisted for Freddie, a little fellow of five, who had been kept within doors during a long storm. His mother, a gentle woman, sat quietly sewing, as she chatted with a friend.

Don't do that, Freddie," she said, as the child's whip handle beat a light tattoo on the carpet. The whip dropped. A block castle rose-and fell, with a crash.

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"Don't make noise, Freddie." The boy turned to the window, the restless fingers making vague pictures on the damp pane. "Don't mark the window, Freddie," interposed the mother; and, "Don't go into the hall," she added, as he opened the door to escape. The "don'ts" continued at brief intervals. At length the small man, seating himself with a pathetically resigned air, remained perfectly still for about a minute. Then, with a long-drawn sigh, he asked, "Mamma, is there anything that I can do?"

as I had! And you ought to come and look Sometimes, "don't" seems a mere mechanat it beyond doubt, and say to this land, Old ical utterance, unheeded by the child, unenmother, how are you getting on atʼall? To forced by the parent. "Don't do that, my which the mother will answer, Thankee, young dear;" and the little girl, tossing over the son, and you ?—in a way useful to both par- fine engravings on a friend's table, pauses an ties! That is truth. instant. The mother goes on talking with her friend, the child resumes her occupation, and no notice is taken of it, except, after awhile, the prohibition is carelessly repeated, only to be ignored. A forgetful mother makes a forgetful child. Authority is weakened by reiterated commands.

"Adieu, dear Emerson; good be with you always."

On July 31, 1847, Emerson writes: "In my old age I am coming to see you.

I mean in good earnest to sail for Liverpool
or for London about the first of October, and
I am disposing my astonished household-as-
tonished at such a somerset of the sedentary
master with that view.
I
pray
you to cherish your good nature, your mercy.
Let your wife cherish it-that I may see, I
indolent, this incredible worker, whose toil
has been long since my pride and wonder,
that I may see him benign and unexacting,
he shall not be at the crisis of some over-la-
bor."

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Too often the "don'ts" are undeservedly sharp and short. Activity is the normal state of every healthy child; and half the reproofs he receives are really because he has no sufficient vent for his overflowing vitality. Excessive restraints irritate, and continual watching worries a child. His training must be efficient; but it should not so pursue his minutest acts as to keep him in a constant fear and fret, or lead him to depend upon his

mother's don't' as a guide. Broader in- | self by his mistakes, shows at least one noble struction is needed; and a wide distinction and manly trait of character. should be made between thoughtful care and harassing watchfulness.

Let the children learn by experience in the loving atmosphere of home without fear of harsh criticism or fault-finding. Home is the place for experiment and failure as well as for success, for sympathy and encouragement quite as much as for discipline. Guide their unsteady feet, but sometimes let them go alone, even though they may fall. Then pick up the little stumblers; but beware of blaming them, or laughing at their childish mistakes. A thoughtless laugh may rankle in the heart of a sensitive child for monthsmay never be wholly forgotten.

Parents should carefully distinguish between wilful disobedience and accidents, or faults resulting from activity, ignorance, and a natural desire for investigation.

Little four-year-old Harry while playing in the yard one summer day was stung by a bee. A couple of months afterwards, noticing at breakfast the use of mustard by the family, he asked for some.

You would not like it," said his mother, never thinking that such a reason seldom satisfies a child.

"Yes, I shall," replied Harry; "James (an elder brother) likes it."

"Oh, no; you would not like it."

But the boy persisted that he should like it. So his mother, wisely or unwisely, put some mustard upon his plate, intending to let him try a little in the usual way. But as she turned to replace the mustard-pot in the castor Harry put the whole quantity into his mouth without a bit of anything else! Half frightened, the mother saw him bravely struggling to master the pungent mouthful. Firm as a rock he sat, winking desperately, as big tears gathered in his eyes, but never uttering a sound, and resolutely swallowing

the whole of it.

A few minutes afterwards the little fellow gravely propounded to the older brother the following question: "James, which had you rather do, eat all of that"-indicating the mustard-pot with his hand-" or have a bumble-bee sting you in the eye?”

In Harry's mind mustard has ever since been associated with the sting of a bee; and mustard taught him some good lessons.

If a child by permission or by accident makes any such experiment, sympathy in the result should not be withheld. He should not be blamed, or laughed at, but tenderly helped. Moreover, Harry's bravery was worthy of commendation. A boy who can patiently bear the pain he brings upon him

There is no surer way to check confidential intercourse between parent and child, and to retard the development of his best faculties, than to create an atmosphere of blame about him. He will grow unhappy and discouraged, if not disobedient and reckless. Far better let some childish wrong-doings pass unreproved. than to make your boy feel that he never quite pleases you. Wise commendation will not foster vanity or self-consciousness. A loving word, an appreciative smile, any sympathetic recognition of real effort is generally more helpful than many reproofs for failures.. Check evil propensities by developing good ones, rather than by waging a fierce, direct war of extermination. The result of such training may not be so soon apparent, but in the end your child's character will be broader: and stronger. Wait for the moral nature to grow-and be patient, as God is patient with his children.-Mary Mayne in Christian Union..

A CONTRAST.—Carefully distinguished between the feverish heat of animal fervour and the vital warmth of Christian feeling. Mereyouthful energy, operating upon a newlyawakened remorse for a thoughtless life, will carry the mind certain lengths; but if unaccompanied with humility, repentance, and a continual application for a better strength than thy own, this slight resource will soon fail. It is not that principle which will encourage progress; it is not that Divine support which will carry thee on to the end. The Christian race is not to be run at a heat; religion is a steady, progressive course; it gains strength by going, and eventually it gains speed also; progress quickens the pace; for the nearer the approach to the goal, the more ardent is the desire to reach it. And though in thy furtheradvance, thou may imagine thyself not so near as thou didst on thy first setting out, this is not really the case:-thou hast a lower opinion of thy state, because thou hast obtained higher views of the spirituality of the law of unworthiness. Even the almost Christian God, and a more humbling sense of thy own prophet seems not to have been previously so deeply convinced of sin, as when overwhelmed by the glory of the Divine vision, he exclaimed, Mine eyes have seen the King, the Lord of Hosts.

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is to be regarded as more or less permanently drunk,' but I have no hesitation in saying that the whole infant population, whose mothers partake of these drinks for the purpose of helping them to nurse, is more or less injured by the habit." He affirms that to the use of intoxicants by nursing mothers "may be traced very much of the brain, stomach, and bowel irritation so common in infancy.' He thinks it an encouraging fact that the question is now asked of physicians by mothers much more frequently than formerly as to the necessity" for drinking ale or stout whilst nursing, and that "medical men ought to be

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able to answer in such a manner as to leave no doubt upon the mind of the questioner, seeing that it is a matter of vital importance, not alone to the mother and infant, but involving the happiness and comfort of the husband and the home."-Nat. Tem. Advocate.

BY NIGHT AND BY DAY.

BY MRS. S. M. WALSH,

In the hush that falls at midnight, When the earth lies blind and dumb, When closed are labor's eyelids,

And stilled its daily hum;
When the stars above seem living,
And the world beneath seems dead,
With a brooding silence o'er it

Like angel's wings outspread;
When the fevered pulse grows quiet,
And the aching head knows rest,
And the world lies softly cradled
Upon God's pitying breast;
Then, like a fretful infant

That cries when the light is dim,
With the darkness all about me,

My soul cries out for Him,
And I sometimes grope for a moment
In the dim, dark land of Doubt,
But my Beloved seeks me,

And gently bears me out.
And I know by my tranquil spirit
I am lying on His breast,
And He gives me in the darkness
A sense of perfect rest!

And when the jubilant morning
Flings gilded banners out,
And marches forth triumphant

To the voice of them that shout;
When the garments of rest and quiet
Are folded and put away,
And again I take the armor

That befits the stirring day; And when morning's dewy freshness Is dried in noontide heat, And I press the dusty highway With tired and lagging feet; I should surely faint and falter,

But the clasp of a strong right hand, And the print of a guiding footstep In the hot and heavy sand, Are the tokens of His presence In daylight's din and glare, And I know by my freshened spirit That I am still His care.

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NATURAL HISTORY STUDIES.

Native Potatoes.-Native potatoes have been discovered in Arizona by Prof. Lemmon. They were found in a cleft of one of the highest peaks north of the Apache pass, under a tangle of prickly bushes and cacti. Eager to know if the Solanum found was bulb bearing, he carefully uprooted the little tuber, which proved to be an undoubted representative of the true potato family. According to the researches and reasonings of Humboldt, this was the location to look for the home of the species from which our first potatoes sprang. In May last, Prof. Lemmon again set out in search of more specimens, choosing the Huachuca Mountains as his point for exploration.

These mountains have two peaks over 10,000 feet high, with sides furrowed into deep canons, those of the northeast_being filled with trees, among which are maple and ash. In July last he discovered the potato plants he was searching for on the southwest side of the range, hidden among the rich bottom soil of a dell in a high valley. A few plants of the white species were found in full bloom, and further on blue blossoms were found. The white flowered specimens formed tubers on shorter subterranean stems than the

blue ones. The blue flowered potato plants

sent off their runners from 18 inches to 2 feet. July 12, they were in full bloom.

The blossoms were large, and the white flowered were of a creamy white color, with greenish midribs to its corolla lobes. The subterranean stems were not longer than those of our common potato. The blossoms of the blue flowered are smaller, bright purple, with pale white midribs to the corolla, with fifteen to twenty flowers to a head. They are found at an altitude of about 8,000 feet in Tanner's canon, and some of the plants were 2 feet high. Later in the season they produced potato balls of unusual size, comparatively speaking.

These native species of potatoes, which may have been and very likely are the orig

inal native stock from which all our potatoes now used have sprung, deserve a fair trial and careful propagation to develop them to the size now attained by our best potatoes. By the 1st of September the blue flowered plants formed bluish colored potatoes, oblong, about 1 inches long by half as wide, and a third as thick, with from four to ten unmistakable potatoes on each plant. The white flowed plants produced white potatoes, nearly round, from half an inch to 1 inch in diameter. These potatoes are unquestionably indigenous.

Still another variety was found near the summit of a peak 10,000 feet high, under the shade of fir, pine and poplar trees, growing in soil kept moist during the greater part of the year by melting snows. Its nodding balls of ripened seeds were surrounded by golden-rods and brilliant asters. Their tubers were tinted with purple, and seed balls were either solitary or in pairs. Prof. Lemmon brought back with him over three quarts of these small potatoes, comprising the different varieties, besides some seed balls.

A hermit in these mountains, whom Prof. Lemmon interested in his discovery, has recently written him that in digging up the bed of an old pond he has secured a lot of these potatoes, perfectly white, as large as hen's eggs, which on being cooked tasted well, and have all the appearance of very fine potatoes. Various cultivators have manifested the utmost interest in Prof. Lemmon's discovery, and are making careful preparations to cultivate the specimens he has forwarded them.-Pacific Rural Press.

Antique Hammers.—At a late meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of this city, H. T. Cresson made a few remarks upon a hammer of native copper found in the Bohemian mine, Michigan, by S. F. Peck. It exhibited a distinct laminar surface and structure caused by hammering pieces of native copper together while in a cold state, in which our aborigines living in districts north of Mexico seemed to have acquired great proficiency. This is shown by the numerous wedges, chisels, hammers and other implements found in the ancient mining pits. of Keeweenaw Point, Lake Superior, and at Isle Royal, together with axes, spears and arrow points, ornaments, etc.; in Ohio and throughout those sections of our country which at one time were inhabited by the mound builders, a race of people whose remains indicate a state of advancement in the arts and manufactures superior to the savage nations who succeeded them.

The speaker likewise called attention to the form of haft hole in this hammer, before

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mentioned to the Academy in their seance of February 6th, 1883, as peculiar to the hammers pertaining to the Neolithic and later periods of the Eastern continent. It is a very interesting fact that recent discoveries have shown upon various forms of copper implements, deposited in their burial places by the mound builders, markings similar to those left by moulds in the process of casting; it may therefore be supposed that these people were acquainted with the art of smelting copper besides that of hammering it. Prof Foster in his 'Prehistoric Races of the United States," mentions the fact that in a collection made by Mr. Perkins, he saw copper implements of mound origin that bear well-defined traces of the mould. "It is impossible," he adds, " to infer, after a careful examination of the specimens, that the ridges have been left in the process of hammering or oxidation. . . The more I examine their arts and manufacturers the stronger becomes my conviction that they were something more than a barbaric people." Colonel Whittlesey, in "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge for 1863," mentions that in all the pits examined by him traces of fires were to be seen on the sides thereof, and fragments of charcoal and wood in the debris, indicating the use of fire in assisting the action of wedges and in extracting the masses of copper. The melting point of copper is about 1398 degrees centigrade, which no doubt fused the small points of copper attached to the larger masses, which the quick perception of these aboriginal people noticed, and led them to utilize in casting. The artistic forms of copper implements, whether cast or hammered, cannot fail to impress the observer that a race of men existed in early times whose origin is enveloped in mystery, and whose skill rivals man of historic times, assisted by all the inventions of this mighty age of iron.

Professor Lewis remarked that much the greater number of prehistoric copper hammers were evidently produced by hammering. He believed that archeologists had generally adopted the opinion that the mound-builders were not an extinct people, but were the ancestors of existing tribes.

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