that his mind was under the influence of true Christian charity. He had a testimony for a For Friends' Intelligencer. AN APPEAL. J. C. "Let us not be so selfish as to refuse to share the good things with which God has blessed us, with our seemingly less fortunate neighbors. Any one wishing to give for the above named purpose, either some warm garments, shoes, and stockings, or a little tea, coffee, sugar, or rice, may bring them to my house during the coming week, and I will have them packed and sent over there. Those who can spare a little money for the same purpose, will please hand it to me next week. DEAR READERS:-Again I deem it my duty Hoping and believing that God will bless to write something about the colored people the cheerful givers' among you, I leave the in this part of Kansas. Many of you in the matter to your own consciences; and am your East, who have only been accustomed to see- friend, ing that better class of persons of African "ROSANNA MCGLASSON." descent coming from Kentucky, Maryland, The above was read at a large church and Virginia, are not apt to make due allow-meeting of colored people here, and the apance for the lower starting-point and slower peal was promptly responded to by sending progress of that portion of the race who have a little money (I do not know how much), emigrated from Texas, Louisiana, and Miss- and a trunk filled with sundry garments and issippi. bedding and some provisions. After they made their donations I added some things from the store. I wish to state here that during the five months, from Ninth month 1st, 1882, to First month 31st, 1883, I have received as follows to aid the refugees in the manner I thought best. Most of the colored refugees in Kansas are from the last named States. Their former condition, treatment, and surroundings, were far less favorable for rapid improvement when they acquired their freedom, than were those of the first-named class. Large numbers of these Texas and Mississippi people will be likely to suffer physically, and almost fail to improve morally during the lifetime of the present generation, unless they receive more aid, advice, and encouragement from their white friends. Where proper aid has been rightly extended to them, they have already made creditable improvement in many respects. To illustrate the sympathetic feelings for each other of some of these people, I will copy a few lines recently dictated by a Texas colored woman, who had been assisted by the charities of Eastern Friends, and who has since, by her industry and economy, secured a tidy little home for herself and family, and is now willing to aid less favored ones. "PARSONS, KANSAS, January 14, 1883. "BROTHERS, SISTERS, AND FRIENDS:-Having learned from our worthy pastor, who lives in the neighborhood, and from Mr. Wilmer Walton, who visited the colored people in Chautauqua County last fall, that there are a number of very deserving objects of charity among our race in the vicinity of Rev. Fairfax's residence, and feeling conscious that we in this city have been favored and blessed in many respects during the past year, I think it is our Christian duty to heartily sympathize with and send a little aid to some of the sick and suffering ones in that vicinity, who are not faring as well as ourselves. Perhaps some of us will find by so doing that it is indeed more blessed to give than to receive.' Signed for Cash from Samuel Willets, New York city, $250; from Rachel E. Watson, Duluth, Minn. (per M. B.), $5; from Eastern Friends (per D. Votaw), $5; from a Friend in Illinois, $10; from Dr. Henry T. Child, Philadelphia, $5; from a friend in Rupert, Pennsylvania, $5; from Jane B. Smith, Parkesburgh, Pennsylvania, $50; and four large boxes of new goods and partly worn clothing and bedding, from Friends of Richmond, Indiana, per Anna M. Starr, Joseph W. Moore, and others, the freight prepaid; also one barrel of new and partly worn garments, etc., from Jane B. Smith and others, of Parkesburgh, Pennsylvania, freight prepaid; and one small box of coats and pants from Philadelphia Friends, per James Biddle; and $1 cash to pay freight on same. I used portions of the cash contributions in buying food, fuel, and medicine for sick and aged ones and destitute new comers; also in aiding poor widows and orphans, and in temporary loans to some who especially needed and deserved them; but I have used the main part of the money in purchasing dry goods, etc., in Kansas City, Mo., from time to time, and selling them here in the store to colored people, some kinds at cost, others considerably less than I pay for them; also giving some of them in cases of special necessity. I sell none above cost and none on credit. The stock of many articles is now getting very low and needs replenishing. I have not sufficient funds to buy the needed goods, and at A minor point,-as to the use of words. The style of John Woolman is held up as a model of expression. No one more freely admits this, and admires the plain and simply truthful in speech than myself. But I also consider the highest form of expression to be truthfulness, to make the word befit the subject, the object, the occasion, neither more nor less. Is not truth the representation of the simple fact, without exaggeration, equally without understatement, to convey the exact. the same time supply the largely increased | mitted. The otherwise admirable account of demands for charitable aid in the way of food the proceedings in Friends' Intelligencer, and fuel during the present severely cold omitted to state this fact, a knowledge of time, while work is quite scarce, and most of which might have been acceptable to "S" and these poor creatures are not able to endure other Friends, and perhaps render the critithe cold at out-door labor. I have to give to cism unnecessary. some of them, and loan to others until warm weather comes. I find that by far the best and most satisfactory way of helping these people is to do so indirectly, through the store, most of the year; but just now is a time of emergency, in which money is required to prevent much real suffering from cold and hunger. Any person who feels like contributing little or much for this object, may remit to me as soon as convenient a post-office money order or a bank draft, and I will try to use it in a judicious manner for the de-idea? Is not the building referred to, unsigned purpose. Any partly worn clothing, quilts, and blankets, not exclusively for free distribution, but to sell at nominal prices, would be very acceptable. WILMER Walton. Parsons, Kansas, Second month 1st, 1883. For Friends' Intelligencer. A FRIENDLY CRITICISM. In Friends' Intelligencer of two weeks ago appeared a communication under the above heading, signed "S," in which the writer criticised the exercises which took place recently at Swarthmore College, on the occasion of the formal transfer of the building. I felt moved to make some reply at the time, but fearing the matter might assume the appearance of a controversy which does not exist, I concluded to leave it for a time, thereby affording opportunity for reflection. I would not speak now nor at all but that it is believed by some that unintentional injustice to the managers of the college has been done, in the minds of many Friends, by the article in question. surpassed as it is in appearance by any educational structure in the State, an "imposing pile?" Will not all who walked up the broad pathway to it, on that evening, and afterward passed through its many really beautiful rooms and along its long corridors, freely concede that it is a "noble building?" Some Friends who read the article of "S" have never seen and may never see the building, and have no idea of its appearance, extent and completeness. I think that John Woolman would have been impressed with the nobility of the structure and would not have thought the language overwrought, if he could have viewed the building as it stands to-day, and contrasted it. with the simple school houses of his time. Again, as to the use of the term "proud." I have never before heard it objected to, when used in a proper sense. Surely there is a pride not inconsistent with true humility, and in this sense only, there being no other word to express the idea, as "S" admits, was the term used. For instance, could this have been objectionable? "I am proud and humbly thankful as well, to receive this building free from all indebtedness," yet this is the sense in which the word was used. Such a pride surely is allowable, a pride that ac and unworthy thoughts, in the contemplation of that which is elevated and elevating. The want of a religious tone to the exercises is especially commented on, and so far as appears very properly under the circumstances, some Friends who were not present perhaps even thinking the matter referred to was over-cording to Webster, lifts one above all mean looked or not regarded. Such is not the case. On the contrary it was the wish of those having the proceedings in charge to open and close the meeting with silence. No Friend could have asked for further pre-arrangement than this, as anything more must of necessity have been from higher prompting. At the opening, from the large number of persons unable to obtain admission, and the unsettled character of the meeting, perhaps half standing, so much noise prevailed that it was impracticable. A request for silence was made at the close and observed for a brief space, so far as the outside noise per I recognize fully and admit all that "S" claims in a general way as to superlative expression. But there is danger on both sides, and that there is some license to be granted to the occasion, and the nature of the subject, the highest authorities on language agree. It is clearly allowable for instance to speak of the departed, or the absent, in language which however truthful, good taste would not permit of the living or the present. And the term "noble band" seemed to be a truthful description of the few Friends named, who through much exercise of spirit and toil | of body, founded Swarthmore, all of whom had departed this life excepting one, an aged Friend, who lay that evening on his dying bed, and has since followed his associates to the silent land. It was the plain truth without exaggeration, equally without understatement, the subject and the occasion warranted it, and deliberate reflection confirms the belief, that there was no exaggerated statement on the occasion referred to, but a truthful description of persons and objects. The words were glowing, because both subject and occasion were inspiring. This article is not written in any spirit of controversy, but only to do justice to those who earnestly feel and have earnestly toiled for our college, and also, it is believed in a measure of the exercise for the truth which actuated and characterized the temperate article of "S." ISAAC H. CLOTHIER. What kind of legislation will best suppress the evils of Intemperance? In looking over the history of this and other evils, we find that "Moral Suasion" has been a very important instrumentality from first to last for their correction; but the most important part of its sphere has been, not with the depraved victims of vice, but with the moral class of the community, to educate a public sentiment, which, when crystallized into law, has suppressed the evil. It is ever (C our duty to persuade men to abstain from the liquor and vote down the liquor shop. Were not intemperance a physical as well as a moral evil, a national as well as a personal vice, moral suasion might of itself suffice;" but here we have a combination of the whole. "The personal vice of intemperance has become a great national curse, and the moral mischief has a physical cause, viz., a diseased organism induced by the so-called moderate use of alcoholics. Therefore, while we require moral suasion to educate the people as to the nature of these beverages, and their duties as good citizens, we need something more to effectually stay this pestilence and deliver the people from its power." Experience teaches that moral force has little power to restrain the immoral classes from criminal acts. Who would think of depending upon moral power to suppress the universally recognized crime of larceny? No more can we depend upon it to suppress the use of alcoholic beverages, the traffic in which is no less a crime, yea, more, it is a combination of crimes, for it steals, it robs, it murders. While the nature of alcohol and its effects upon the human system were unknown, and these evils were attributed only to its excessive use, intelligent Christian men could conscientiously advocate a system of legalizing the traffic which they supposed would put it into the hands of "good moral citizens;" but that time is past. Science and experience have alike demonstrated that "alcohol is a brain poison, as well as a body poison, and the former becomes fired long before the latter becomes limp. Homicidal manias arise while the muscles are full and strong, and ninetenths of all the mischief wrought by the saloons never becomes visible in the faltering step or the thickened utterance." It is the open dramshop that lures the youth of our land into the drink-habit and prepares the coming crop of drunkards. It is the open dramshop, that by temptations manifold and irresistible, prevents those who would willingly reform from doing so, except in very rare cases; and the more apparent respectability there is thrown about them, the more alluring and dangerous they become. Whoever will reflect for a moment on what it is that temperance work proposes to accomplish, must see that the setting up of the open dramshop by the State, under a license to do all that we labor to suppress, is not, and cannot be consistent with any temperance reform, and whoever thinks that the open dramshop may still exist under severe restriction, and permit temperance amelioration to go along, promoted solely by moral influences, must overlook the fact that no license system has ever been successful as a repressive measure, but quite the contrary; and when we understand how strong drink (or alcoholic beverages of any kind) creates its own appetite, and excites the cravings for more, we can see that legalizing the traffic means of necessity, a constantly increasing array of saloons, and a constantly increasing liquor traffic. Such a result no mere regulation has been able to prevent, even under monarchial governments, where the execution of the restrictive features of license laws is more certain than it is or can be in our country. Some may be ready to query: "If such laws cannot be enforced, what laws relating to the traffic can be?" Here again the history of the past teaches that to secure enforcement under republican forms of government, whether in the Church or State, the law must be consistent; and we surely cannot expect much zeal to be manifested for the execution of a law that would not accomplish the object for which it was de signed, however faithfully executed. In studying the experience of those places where the evil has been suppressed (and there are many of them), we find that it has invariably been done under laws that prohibited the traffic as other crimes are prohibited, and not by trying to prohibit some from doing what others were allowed to indulge in by paying a fee or bribe to the State. Even though prohibitory laws have not always been thoroughly enforced, it is the only kind of legislation that has ever been successful in repressing the evil. But above and beyond all questions of expediency or success, we, as a professing Christian people, should be governed solely by what is right; and no argument is needed to convince us that it is not right to give legal sanction and protection (for it is a principle that underlies all our laws, that whatever we license we protect) to a traffic that is admitted by many of the ablest jurists of this and other countries, to be the cause of more than three-fourths of all the crime and pauperism with which the civilization of this nineteenth century is disgraced. Seeing, then, that prohibitory legislation is the only kind that we can consistently advocate, or that has been successful, the question arises: In what form will it most effectually accomplish its purpose? There have been, and now exist in our State, laws permitting the electors to prohibit it in localities; and while much has been accomplished in this way, it is impossible for a law to command respect which prohibits an act in one place, a few rods or miles from which in any direction, it sanctions and protects it, and as the State is the normal unit of sovereignty, it is in opposition to sound theories of government to transfer to local fractions the decision of a question of such general and far-reaching importance. And, in view of the fact, that the "intoxicating drink traffic" is the destroyer of national wealth, the clog that drags down labor, the poisoner of the public health, the enemy of the home, the feeder of pauperism, the stimulant to crime, the foe of Christian civilization, and the degenerator of the human race, State clearly owes to every community of its citizens its best wisdom and its most persistent energy for the repression of such a traffic. the There are some isolated rural communities where local prohibition has been very effectual; but the chief utility of "local option laws is as "stepping-stones" to a higher and safer plane of legislation, for what can be voted up or down by the people of a village or town, what is right in one district and wrong in the next, loses all moral significance. Even statutory law, on account of its liability to sudden change, does not carry with it the moral force of constitutional law, for permanence is essential to secure a faithful execution. The latter can also be more easily obtained, for as it is made by a vote of the people, and they are not so easily influenced by the ill-gotten wealth of this unrighteous traffic as our legislative bodies have hitherto proved to be. "Constitutional prohibition " is also more easily enforced, for aside from the moral force given by the vote of a majority of the citizens, every officer and legislator, from the governor down to the lowest grade of police, is obligated by oath or solemn affirmation to support it; and no further proof is needed of the success of this kind of law as a repressive measure than the statements of the liquor dealers through their own organs. But some may still query: "Is the extirpation of the liquor traffic by law a possibility?" Such a question to an American citizen ought to seem preposterous. Can it be that the people who, in their infancy, threw off the shackles of priestcraft and kingcraft, and later, proclaimed freedom to four millions of slaves, will quail before the whiskev power? There is a band of noble men and women who, believing it to be the Lord's work, have gone forth trusting in his power to enable them to overcome this demon, and they will not surrender. The people of this nation can stop the whiskey commerce if they will. They can arrest the manufacture and sale of the drunkard's drink if they choose. They can suppress this "license law" system and dry up the burning stream; if they do not they are verily guilty. On which side are we? Let each one, and especially every voter, awaken to a realization of the fact, that as good citizens, a great responsibility rests upon us in this connection. Let us strive to know the right and to do it; then, and then only can we confidently trust in an overruling Providence to take care of consequences. J. H. GRIFFEN. So we keep sunny ever, though clouds may dim our way, | girl yet in a preparatory school. I should be to some observations of my own, but instead, glad to copy the article entire as a preliminary will refer the reader to the first number of the "Hamptonian." Making the darkest weather a bright, per-microscopic object was the larva of the comThe young observer supposed that her pet..al day. o'er us, mon gnat, and modestly asks for further information concerning it. Having studied very carefully an allied species, I will tell her and others something about these creatures. insects, are the Gnats, Mosquitoes, and Flies Belonging to the Diptera, or two-winged of many different families, genera and species. In this country there are over 2,500 species known and described as belonging to North America, and there are so many others which have not been described, that in all, the number is supposed to be over 10,000. With such a great variety, it would be extremely easy to go wrong, and perhaps not so easy to ascertain the exact species by the larva alone.' One family, however, includes the common gnats and mosquitoes, omitting the flies and many others, so that in our present search we are enabled to dismiss all except this one family, that of the Culicidæ. And we grow quiet, folded in thy peace. Naught shall affright us on thy goodness lean-thirty different species belonging to North Naught shall affright us on thy goodness leaning, Low in the heart Faith singeth still her song; Chastened by pain we learn life's deeper meaning, And in our weakness thou dost make us strong. Patient, O heart, though heavy be thy sorrows! ened furrows Where now He ploweth, wave with golden grain. August, 1881. For Friends' Intelligencer. NATURAL HISTORY STUDIES. The genus Culex, in like manner, coyer all the species closely allied to our common gnats and mosquitoes, those with which we are well acquainted by their biting and blood-sucking propensities. Of this genus, there are over America, but all agree in certain points of structure. Thus in the larva of any one of these thirty different species, on the eighth abdominal segment, will be found a breathing tube, with a radiated star at the tip; by means of this the larva is able to hang suspended with its head downwards while it breathes the surface air above the water. At the slightest alarm it will quickly close the points of the star, and descend by a rapid wriggling motion with which any one who has tried to catch a larval mosquito in a vessel of rain water, will be familiar. The tenth segment is terminated by hairs and by five slender, conical plates. Now in the drawing given in the Gnats, Mosquitoes, Flies, and their Relations." Hamptonian," the respiratory tube does not With the opening of this year, a monthly periodical, in charge of the Preparatory Department of the school at Hampton, Va., was sent forth with the avowed purpose of "reflecting the work and pleasure of happy school girls." In this paper I find an article headed "An Inhabitant of a Drop of Water," accompanied by an original illustration clearly and carefully drawn in outline from the microscope, with an equally careful written description. Both are remarkable as the production of a end with a radiated star, but is covered with a pair of leaf-like swimming oars, and the tenth segment is not furnished with five, but only with four slender and much smaller appendages, moreover the larva is described as transparent, which certainly is not the case with any musquito that I have ever seen, however it may be with gnats of the same genus. Under the same family Culicidæ, another genus, that of Corethra including the Plumed Gnats, contains some species at least which |