ARTICLE VIII.

BAIL-FIXES--PUNISHMENTS.

SECTION 1. Not to be excessive.

SECTION 1. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor Bails, finos,

punishexcessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punish- monts. ments inflicted.-[Id.

ARTICLE IX.

CERTAIN RIGHTS NOT DENIED TO THE PEOPLE.

SECTION 1. Rights of people not disparaged by Constitution.
SECTION 1. The enumeration in the Constitution of cer- Certain

rights not tain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage denied to

the people. others retained by the people.-[Id.

ARTICLE X.

STATES RIGHTS.

SECTION 1. Certain powers reserved to the States or to the people.

SECTION 1. The powers not delegated to the United States

rights. States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to tho people.--Id.

ARTICLE XI.

JUDICIAL POWERS.

SECTION 1. Limitation on.

powers.

SECTION 1. The judicial power of the United States Judicial shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by the citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.- [Proposed March 5th, 1794; ratified January 8th, 1798.

ARTICLE XII.

ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT.

SECTION 1. Manner of election, etc.

Election of President and Vice President.

SECTION 1. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such a majority, then from the persons having the higbest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no

person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of Presi dent shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States.--[Proposed Dec. 12th, 1803; ratified Sept. 25th, 1804.

ARTICLE XIII.

SLAVERY.

SECTION 1. Slavery prohibited.

2. Enforcement of this Article by Congress.

SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, Slavery

prohibited. except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

mont of this

Sec. 2. Congress shall haye power to enforce this EnforcoArticle by appropriate legislation.—[Declared ratified De- Articlo by cember 18th, 1865. U. S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 13, p. 775.

Congress.

ARTICLE XIV.

CITIZENSHIP, REPRESENTATION, AND PAYMENT OF PUBLIC DEBT.

SECTION 1. Who are citizens-rights of.

2. Apportionment of representation among the several

States.
3. Certain persons disqualified from holding office; removal

of disability, how effected.
4. Payment of public debt not to be questioned; debts

incurred in aid of rebellion not to be assumed.
5. Power of Congress to enforce this Article.

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the Who aro

citizens United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are rights of. citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law

which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citi.
zens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive
any person of life, liberty, or property without due pro-
cess of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the laws.

Apportion- SEC. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among
ment af
representa- the several States according to their respective numbers,
tion among
the several counting the whole number of persons in each State,
States.

excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote
at any election for the choice of Electors for President
and Vice President of the United States, Representatives
in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State,
or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to
any of the male in babitants of such State, being twenty-
one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in
any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or
other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be
reduced in the proportion which the number of such male
citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens
twentyone years of age in such State.

Certain persons

from

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative disqualified in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice President, holding or bold any office, civil or military, under the United office, etc.

States or under any State, who, having previously taken
an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the
United States, or as a member of any State Legislature,
or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to sup-
port the Constitution of the United States, shall have
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or
given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But ('on.
gress may, by a vote of two thirds of each House, remove
such disability:

Payment of
public debt
not to be
questioned;
debts
incurred
in aid of
rebellion
not to be
assumed.

SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insur

rection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.

SEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by Power of

Congress to appropriate legislation, the provisions of this Article.- enforce this

Article. [Declared ratified July 28th, 1863. U. S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 15, pp. 709-11.

ARTICLE XV.

ELECTIVE FRANCHISE.

SECTION 1. Right of all citizens to vote.

2. Power of Congress to enforce this Article.

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States Right of

all citizens to vote shall nou be denied or abridged by the United to vote. States or by any Slate, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce Power of

Congress to this Article by appropriate legislation.—[U. S. Statutes enforce this at Large, Vol. 15, p. 346.

Article.

NOTE.-This Constitution will be found in the annotated Appendix to the POLITICAL CODE.