330-331; elected President, 332: his
inauguration, 336; his cabinet, 337, is-
sues call to arms, 338; orders blockade
of Southern ports, 345; calls for more
troops, 356; and McClellan, 357; issues
Emancipation Proclamation, 358-359;
opposition to, 367-368; reclected, 369;
assassination of, 378; his ideas of recon-
struction, 386-387.

Lincoln, General Benjamin (A.), in Can-
ada, 175; defeated at Savannah, 175:
at Charleston, 186; receives the British
sword, 194; quells Shay's Rebellion,

202.

Line of Demarcation, fixed by Pope Alex-
ander VI., 12.

Literature, American, 264-266, 446.
"Little Belt," English frigate, defeated
by the "President," 245.

Litttle Round Top, assault on, 360-361.
Livingston, Philip, in the Stamp Act Con-

gress, 143.

Livingston, Robert R., in the Stamp Act
Congress, 143; and the Declaration of
Independence, 164.

Locke, John, author of the "Grand Mod-
el," 46.

Logan, General Jóhn A., candidate for the
Vice-Presidency, 406.

London Company, charters of, 25, 30, 31,
35; settles Jamestown, 26-31; last
days of, 35

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 265.
Long Island, battle of, 166-167.
Longstreet, General James (C.), in the war

with Mexico, 309; at battle of Chicka-
mauga, 365; at battle of Knoxville, 366.
Lookout Mountain, battle of, 365-366.
Loose Construction, 225.

London, General John C. (E.), 129.
Louisburg, capture and restoration of,

124; recaptured by the English, 130.
Louisiana, naming of, 121; purchase of
237-238; admission of, 258; secedes,
333.

Lovejoy, Elijah, anti-slavery martyr, 300.
Lowell, James Russell, 285.
Loyalists, see Tories.

Lumbering Industry, 421-422.

Lundy, Benjamin, anti-slavery leader,

"Maine," United States warship, de.
stroyed in Havana Harbor, 449.
Malvern Hill, battle of, 355.

Manassas Junction (Bull Run), first battle
of, 342-343; second battle of, 357.
Manhattan Island, settlement and pur-
chase of, 77, 78.

Manila, battle of, 451; capture of, 453.
Mann, Horace, portrait, 444: educational
leader, 444.

Manufacturing, in the colonies, 31, 113-
114, 137; development of in the United
States, 216, 289-290, 420-422, 429, 436-

119.

Marshall, John, portrait, 234; commis
sioner to France, 231; appointed Chief
Justice, 235.

Maryland, founding of, 41-45; troubles in,
43-45: becomes a royal province, 45:
restored to the Baltimores, 45.

Mason, George, and the Constitution, 212.
Mason, James M., Confederate commis-
sioner, 346.

Mason, Captain John, settles New Hamp-
shire, 69-70.

Mason and Dixon's Line, 94-95.
Massachusetts, settlement of, 52-57; char-
ter of, 58, 62, 64, 67, 69, 151; General
Court of, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67
establishes written laws, 63; and the
New England Confederation, 65; as a
royal province, 67-69; annexes Maine
and New Hampshire, 70; in the Revo-
lution, 139, 142, 146, 149-150, 151, 155-
159, 161; emancipates slaves, 220;
first railroad in, 263.

Massachusetts Bay Company, 57-58, 62.
Massachusetts Circular Letter, 140.
Massasoit, Indian chief, 55, 66, 75.
Maximilian, made emperor of Mexico,

McClellan, General George B., portrait,
343; protects Western Virginia, 342;
commands Army of the Potomac, 343-
344; undertakes the Peninsular cam-
paign, 354-356; superseded, 356, 357:
and the political parties, 367; candidate
for the Presidency, 368-369.
McComb, General (A.), 253.
McCormick, Cyrus Hall, inventor, 287.
McDonough, Commodore Thomas (A.),
wins battle of Lake Champlain, 253.
McDowell, General Irvin (U.), in com-
mand at Washington, 342; at first bat-
tle of Bull Run, 342-343; and the Pen-
insular campaign, 354, 355.
McHenry, Fort, 254.

McKinley, William, portrait, 447: author
of the McKinley Bill, 409; elected
President, 414-415: reelected, 458-
459; assassination of, 459-460.

Meade, General George G., portrait, 360;
at battle of Gettysburg, 360-362; com-
mands Army of the Potomac, 370.
Mecklenburg County, N. C., patriotism in,
147, 188.

Memphis, surrender of, 352.
Menendez, Pedro, Spanish explorer, de-
stroys Huguenot colony in Florida, 17.
"Merrimac and "Monitor," battle of,

347-348.

Merritt, General, takes Manila, 453.
Methods, New Political, 470.
Mexico, conquest of, 15; abolishes slavery,

303; loses Texas, 303-304; war with 306-
310; treaty with, 310-311; the French in,
394; relations with United States, 471-
472.

Michigan, admission of, 282.
Milan Decree, 242.

Miles, General Nelson A., in Porto Rico,453.
Mill Spring, battle of, 349.

Mills, R. Q., author of the Mills Bill, 408.
Mills, development of, 420-422.

Mining Industry, 288-289, 424, 428.
Minnesota, admission of, 283.
Minuit, Peter, Dutch governor, 78.
Minutemen, 155, 156, 157.

Missionary Ridge, battle of, 365-366.
Mississippi, admitted, 258; secedes, 333.
Mississippi River, discovery of, 16; ex-
ploration of, 119-121; navigation of,
217, 237, 238.
Missouri, admitted, 259-260; and the
struggle in Kansas, 322, 323; the Civil
War in, 348-349.

Missouri Compromise, 259-260, 326.
Mobile Bay, battle of, 373.

Modoc Indians, 424-425.

Mohammedans, 2, 3, 241.

Molino del Rey, battle of, 310.
Money, see Currency.

"Monitor" and "Merrimac,' battle of,
347-348.

Monmouth, battle of, 179.

Monroe, James, portrait, 267; and the
Constitution, 212; and the treaty with
England, 242; doctrine of, 267-268;
as a peacemaker, 269-270.
Monroe Doctrine, 267-268, 394, 395, 414.
Montana, territory organized, 418; gold
in, 418; admitted, 418.

Montcalm, General Louis Joseph de (F.),
portrait, 130; at Ticonderoga, 130; at
Quebec, 131-133.

Monterey, battle of, 307-308.

Montgomery, General Richard (A.), at-
tacks Quebec, 160-161.

Montreal, named by Cartier, 16; expedi-
tion against, 124; surrender of, 133.
Moore's Creek, battle of, 162.
Morgan, Daniel (A.), portrait, 160; joins
the Continental army, 160; at Quebec,
160-161; at battle of the Cowpens, 190.
Morgan, Fort, 373.

Morgan, John Hunt (C.), leader of "Mor-
gan's Raid," 381.
Mormons, 282.

Morris, Gouverneur, portrait, 209; in the
Constitutional Convention, 207.
Morris, Robert, portrait, 169; aids Wash-
ington, 169-170; in the Constitutional
Convention, 207.

New Albion, 18.

New Amsterdam, founded, 78; govern-
ment of, 81; becomes New York, 83.
Newbern, capture of, 352.

New England, named by John Smith, 53:
colonies of, 52-76; schools in, 63-64;
town government in, 57, 59, 64, 151;
in the French wars, 122-124 126-127.
New England Confederation, 64-65:
Newfoundland, visited by the French, 16,
attempted settlement of, 41; taken by
the English, 124.
New France, 17, 117.

New Hampshire, settlement of, 62, 70; an-
nexed by Massachusetts, 70.

New Haven, founding of, 72-73; and the
New England Confederation, 65, 73:
united with Connecticut Colony, 73;
General Courts of, 73.

New Jersey, settlement of, 86; under
English rule, 86-87; secured by Penn,
87-88; becomes a royal province, 88-89,
slavery in, 220.

"New Jersey Plan," 208.

New Mexico, conquest of, 309, 311; or
ganized as a territory, 318: admitted, 468.

New Netherland, settled by the Dutch,
77-83; patroons in, 79; becomes New
York, 83.

New Orleans, founded, 121; ceded by
France to Spain, 133; trade of the West
with, 217; importance of, 237; secured
by the Louisiana Purchase, 237; battle
of, 254-255; revisited by Jackson, 271-
272; captured by Farragut and Butler,
352-353; exposition in, 432.
New Political Methods, 470.

Newport, Captain, brings settlers to James-
town, 28.

Newport, R. I., founded, 76.

"New Roof" (the Constitution), 213.
Newspapers, in the colonies, 109-110; in
1790, 218; growth of before 1860, 285;
in the recent period, 446.
New Sweden, (Delaware), 85-86.
Newtown, see Cambridge.

New York, settlement of, 77-83; under
English rule, 83-85; Germans in, 97;
in the French wars, 122-124; slavery in,
220; canals of, 262-263.

New York City, in 1643; 83; in 1750, 96;
colonial conference, at 123; Washing-
ton's campaign around, 166-167; the
British in, 180, 193, 196; in 1790, 214;
and the Erie Canal, 263, in 1860, 280;
draft riots in, 368.

Nichols, royal governor, 83.
Nominating Conventions, 274.
Non-importation, 142, 146, 154, 242.
Non-intercourse Act, 244.

Norfolk, Va., capture of, 348.

North, and the South, differences between,
294; rising of, 338, strength of, 340-
341, 383-384.

North, Lord, portrait, 148; imposes tax
on tea, 148; resigns, 193.

North Carolina, early settlers of, 47; the
"Regulators" in, 147; in the Revolu-
tion, 161, 163, 188-190; sends settlers
to Tennessee, 181; and the Constitu-
tion, 212; secedes, 342.

North Dakota, admitted, 418.
Northern Pacific Railroad, 418.
Northmen, in Iceland and Greenland, 1-2;

new, 415-427.

Northwest Territory, 204.

Nova Scotia, (Acadia), settled, 17; taken
by the English, 124.
Nueces River, 306, 311.

Nullification, in the Kentucky Resolutions,
233, 297, defended by Hayne, 297;
Jackson's attitude toward, 298; applied
by South Carolina, 298-299.

OGLETHORPE, James Edward, portrait,
51; founds Georgia, 49-52.
Ohio, and the ordinance of 1787, 204;
emigration to, 215, 258; admitted, 258.
Ohio Company, 125.

Oil, discovery of, 435-436.
Oklahoma, opening of, 426-427; admitted,
465.

Olney, Richard, Secretary of State under
Cleveland, portrait, 412.

"Old Dominion" (Virginia), 100, 213.
"Old Ironsides," 250.

Old North Church, 155.

"Old North State" (North Carolina), 188.
Old South Meetinghouse, 147, 150.
Omnibus Bill (Compromise of 1850), 315.
Orange, Fort (Albany), 77, 78, 79.
Orders in Council, 241-242, 244.
Ordinances, of 1787, 204-205; nullification,
298; secession, 333.

Oregon, England's claim to, 18, 239, 304;
claims of United States to, 239, 304-
305; admission of, 283; struggle for
304-306; growth of, 465.

"Oregon," United States battleship, 453.
Oriskany, battle of, 174.
Ostend Manifesto, 283, 448.

Otis, James, portrait, 142; opposes the
"Writs of Assistance,'
139-140; and
the Stamp Act, 142, 143.

PACIFIC Ocean, discovery of, 15.
Packing_Industry, 423.

Paine, Thomas, and the movement for
independence, 163.

Pakenham, General Sir Edward M. (E.),
at the battle of New Orleans, 254.
Palma, president of Cuba, 460.
Palo Alto, battle of, 307.

Panama Canal, 461-462.

Panics, financial, of 1837, 275-276; of
1873, 398; of 1893, 411-412; tendency
toward, 472.

Paper Money, see Currency.
Parker, Alton B., 464.

Parliament, and the Stuart kings, 35-37.
45, 58, 68; aids Oglethorpe, 51; grants
charter to Rhode Island, 76; and
George III., 138; taxes the colonies,
140, 145; passes the Intolerable Acts,
151; refuses conciliation, 154; conces-
sions of, 177.

Parties, political, 225.

See names of.

Paterson, William, in the Constitutional
Convention, 207..

Patterson, General, (U.), 342.
Patroons, 79, 101, 279.

Paulus Hook, capture of, 183.
Payne-Aldrich, tariff bill, 467.

Peabody, George, portrait, 432; his gifts
to Southern education, 432.
Peace Convention, 335.

Peace, movement for universal, 365, 366.
Pea Ridge, battle of, 350-351.
Peary, Robert E., 468.
Pendleton Bill, 405.

Peninsular Campaign, 354-356.

Penn, Richard, carries petition to George
III., 162.

Penn, William, portrait, 90; secures Dela-
ware, 86; secures West Jersey, 87-88;
receives grant from Charles II., 91; set-
tles Pennsylvania, 92-95; and the In-
dians, 93-94; founds Philadelphia, 94.
Penn Charter School, 107.
Pennsylvania, grant of, 91; charter of, 91;
settlement of, 92-95; Great Law of, 93;
prosperity of, 95; Germans, in, 97;
slavery in, 220; discovery of coal and
iron in, 288-289; oil and gas in, 435-436

"Pennsylvania Packet," first daily paper in
America, 110.
Pensions, 409.

People's Party, 410-411
Pequot Indians, 62, 66, 71.

Percy, Henry, Earl, at Lexington, 156–

157.

Perry, Captain Oliver Hazard (A.), his
victory on Lake Erie, 251-252.
Perry, Commodore Matthew C., opens
Japan to commerce, 292; in the war
with Mexico, 309.
Perryville, battle of, 353.
Personal Liberty Laws, 325.
Peru, conquest of 16.
Petersburg, siege of, 370.

Petition, right of, in the Declaration of
Rights, 144; defended by John Quincy
Adams, 301-302.

Petroleum, discovered in Pennsylvania,

435.

in

171-172;

Philadelphia, Pa., founded, 93-94;
1750, 96; Continental Congress in, 152,
159, 163-164; British in,
evacuation of, 179; in 1790, 214; capi-
tal of the United States, 224; in 1870,
417; Centennial Exposition at, 442.
Philip, King, war of, 66-67.
Philippine Islands, discovered by Magel-
lan, 15; conquest of, 451, 453; trans-
ferred to the United States, 454: educa-
tion in, 455; insurrection in, 456-457:
government of, 457-458, 460-461; home
rule in, 465.

Phips Sir William (E.), captures Port
Royal, 123-124.

Phonograph, invention of, 438.

Pickens, Andrew(A.), revolutionary leader,
186-187.

Pickett, General George Edward (C.), at
battle of Gettysburg, 361.

Pierce, Franklin, portrait, 320; elected
President, 320.

Pike, Zebulon M., explorer, 239, 415.
Pilgrims, in Holland, 54; found Plymouth,
54-57; democracy of, 57.

Pinckney, General Charles Cotesworth,
minister to France, 231; and the treaty
with England, 242.

Piracy, 116.

Pitcairn, Major John (E.), at the battle
of Lexington, 156.

Pitt, Fort, see Duquesne.

Pitt, William, Lord Chatham, portrait,

129; defeats the French in America,
129-133: opposes the Stamp Act, 144-
145; upholds the colonies, 154, 177.
Pittsburgh, naming of, 130-131; in 1790,
215; center of the coal and iron trade,
289; great strike in, 441.

Pittsburg Landing (Shiloh), battle of,

Poets, American, see Literature.
Polar Exploration, 468.

Polk, James K., portrait, 306; candidate
for the Presidency, 304; elected Presi-
dent, 306; and Texas question, 306-
307; and treaty with Mexico, 310-311.
Polygamy, 359 406.

Ponce de Leon, Spanish explorer, 14.
Pontiac's Conspiracy, 134.
Pony Express, 415.

"Poor Richard's Almanac," 185. note 1.
Pope, General John (U.), at Island No.
10, 352; at battle of Corinth, 352;
commander of Army of Virginia, 356;
at second battle of Bull Run, 357.
Popham, George, attempts to found set-
tlement in Maine, 52.

Popular Sovereignty, 321, 323, 324, 327.
Population of the United States, 96, 214.
279-280, 340, 429-430; movement of,
see Settlement and West.
Populist Party, rise of, 410-411.
Port Bill, Boston, 151.

Port Gibson, battle of, 363.

Port Hudson, surrender of, 364.

Port Royal, Acadia, founded, 17; cap-
tured by Phips, 124; renamed Annapo-
lis, 124.

Port Royal, S. C., capture of, 352.
Porter, Commodore David D. (U.), at the

siege of Vicksburg, 362-363.

Porto Rico, discovered by Columbus, 12;
Spain in, 447; General Miles in, 453:
transferred to United States, 454, educa-
tion in,455; government of, 460-461.
Portsmouth, N. H., founded, 70.
Portsmouth, R. I., founded, 75-76.
Portuguese, early explorations, 4-5, 11-12.
Powhatan, 28.

Prescott, Colonel William (A.), at the bat
tle of Bunker Hill, 158.

President of the United States, making of,
209-210, 234-235.

"President," American frigate, defeats the
"Little Belt," 245.

Presidential Elections, see Elections.
Presidential Succession, law of, 407.
Press, first in America, 63-64; freedom of,
IIO, 232. See also Newspapers.

Price, General Sterling, (C.) 353.
Prideaux, General, (E.), 131.
Primary Elections, Direct, 470.

Princeton, battle of, 169-170.

Princeton University, founded, 108.

Printing, see Press and Newspapers.
Prisons, 219, 283.

Privateers, 184, 251, 345-346.

Proclamations, of neutrality, 228; of
emancipation, 358-359; of amnesty,
386, 387.

Proctor, Colonel Henry A. (E.), at battle
of the River Raisin, 251; at the battle
of the Thames, 252.
Progressives, 460.

Prohibition Party, 397. 404, 409, 466, 469.
"Prophet," brother of Tecumseh, at the
battle of Tippecanoe, 247.
Proprietary Colonies, see Colonies.
Protection, see Tariff.
Providence, R. I., settled, 75.

Public Lands, relinquished by the states,
198, 203-204: beginning of system of,
203-204; sales of, 275.
Pulaski, Count Casimir, joins the Amer-
ican army, 171; killed at Savannah, 186.
Pulaski, Fort, 352.

Puritans, in England, 35-36; in the South-
ern colonies, 36, 38, 43-44; their origin
and ideas, 53-54; found the Bay Colony,
57-59; government of, 59-63; and edu-
cation, 63-64; in Connecticut, 70-74.
Putnam, General Israel (A.), at battle of
Bunker Hill, 158.

44 Ranger," Paul Jones' ship, 185.

Rawdon, Lord (E.), at battle of Hobkirk's

Hill, 191.

Reciprocity, 409.

Reconstruction Period, 386-394.
Red Cross Society, 449.

Referendum, Initiative and, 470.
Regicides, 37, 73.
Regulating Act, 151.
"Regulators," 147.

Reid, Whitelaw, candidate for the Vice-
Presidency, 411.

Religion, in the colonies. 36, 41-45, 47, 51.
54-55. 59, 62, 65, 81, 91, 110-113 133
in 1790, 219; in the West, 205, 284;
and the slavery question, 284.
Rent Day on the Hudson, 101-102.
Representative Government, in the colo-
nies, 32-33. 57. 58, 60-61, 72, 73 76.85.
93, 133, 153-154: under the Confedera-
tion, 198-206; under the Constitution,

Resaca de la Palma, battle of, 307.
Reservations, Indian, 424, 426-427
Resources, Preservation of Natural, 466.
Resumption of Specie Payment, 400.
Returning Boards, 401-402.

Revere, Paul, courier of the Revolution.
150, 154, 155.

Review of Union Troops, 379.
Revolution, American, 136-197; causes of,
136-155 early battles of, 155-162;
movement for independence, 162-165;
campaign in the Middle States, 165-
180; treaty with France, 177; winning
our first western boundary, 180-183;
irregular warfare on land and sea, 183-
186; the war in the South, 186-193:
the crowning victory, 193–195;
treaty of peace, 195-196.
Rhode Island, founded, 62, 75-76; and
the New England Confederation, 65;
charter, 76; and the Constitution, 206,
212; adopts a new State Constitution,

279.

the

Rice Culture, in the colonies, 48-49, 52, 115.
Richmond, Va., capital of the Confederacy,

342; McClellan's campaign against,
354-356; capture of, 376-377.

Rich Mountain, battle of, 343.

Rio Grande, disputed boundary, 306, 311.
Ripley, General E. W. (A.), 253.

River Raisin, battle of, 251.

Roads, see Cumberland and National.
Roanoke Island, capture of, 352.

Robertson, James, settles Tennessee, 181.
Roberval, French explorer, 17.

Robinson, Dr. Charles, free state leader in
Kansas, 323.

Robinson, John, Pilgrim pastor, 54, 55.
Rochambeau, Count, at siege of Yorktown,

193-194.

Rockingham, Lord, prime minister, 145.
"Rock of Chickamauga," 365.
Roentgen or X-Rays, 438.

Rolfe, John, marries Pocahontas, 28.
Roosevelt, Theodore, portrait, 459: leads

the "Rough Riders" in Cuba, 452; elect-
ed Vice-President, 458-459; succeeds to
the Presidency, 460; elected, 464, 465.
Rosecrans, General William S. (U.), at
second battle of Corinth, 353: succeeds
Buell, 353; at battle of Murfreesboro
(Stone River), 353; at battles of Chicka-
mauga and Chattanooga, 365.

Ross, General Robert (E.), attacks Balti-
more, 253-254;
"Rough Riders," 452.

Royal Grants, see Grants.

Russia, and the Oregon region, 267; and
the Civil War, 344: Alaska purchased
from, 395.

Rutgers College, founded, 108.
Rutledge, John, in the Stamp Act Con-
gress, 143; in the first Continental
Congress, 153: in the Constitutional
Convention, 207.

SACKETT'S Harbor, attack on, 253.
St. Augustine, Fla., founded by the Span-
ish, 16; attacked by Oglethorpe, 51, 52
St. Clair, General Arthur, defeated by the
Indians, 226,