Dayton, William L., first Republican can-
didate for the Vice-Presidency, 325.
Dearborn, General Henry (A.), plans
invasion of Canada, 248.

Dearborn, Fort (Chicago), 248, 280.
Debts, at close of French and Indian War,
134; national, 200-201, 204, 223, 275,
385, 408, 455; state, 223, 224, 285;
of the Confederacy, 388, 389.
Declaration of Independence, 163-165;
text of, li.

Declaration of Rights, by the Stamp Act
Congress, 143-144; by the first Con-
tinental Congress, 153.

Declaratory Act, 145.

Decrees, French, 241-242.

Deerfield, Mass., Indian massacre at, 123.
De Kalb, Baron Johann, joins the Amer-
ican army, 171; at battle of Camden,
187-188.

Delaware, settlement of, 85-86; joined
with Pennsylvania, 86, 95.

Delaware, Lord, royal governor, 30.
De Leon, Ponce, Spanish explorer, dis-
covers Florida, 14.

Democrats, Jeffersonian, 223.
Democratic Party, origin of, 269-270;
splits on the question of popular sov-
ereignty, 330; in Civil War, 366-367,
368-369; and silver question, 414-415.
Deputies, and the General Court, 60-61.
De Soto, Ferdinand, Spanish explorer,
discovers the Mississippi, 15-16.

Detroit, founded, 121; surrendered by
Hull, 248.

Dewey, Admiral George, portrait, 451;
wins battle of Manila Bay, 451; created
admiral, 451.

Dias, Bartholomeu, Protuguese explorer,
discovers sea route to India, 5.
Dickinson, John, in the Stamp Act Con-

gress, 143; at the Annapolis meeting, 206;
in the Constitutional Convention, 207.
Dingley Tariff Bill, 415.

Dinwiddie, Governor Robert, sends George
Washington to the Ohio, 125.
Directory, French, 231.

Direct Primary Election, 470.
District of Columbia, established, 235;
slavery abolished in, 318.
Districts, Federal Reserve, 470.
Donelson, Fort, taken by Grant, 349-350.
Dongan, Thomas, royal governor, 84.
Dorchester Heights, fortification of, 161.
Dorr's Rebellion, 279.

Douglas, Stephen Arnold, portrait, 329;
and the Compromise of 1850, 315;
author of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill,
321; and "popular sovereignty," 321,
327, 330; opposes the Lecompton Con-
stitution, 324; his debates with Lincoln,
327-329; candidate for the Presidency,
330, 332; supports the Union, 332, 338.
Dow, Neal, candidate for Presidency, 404.
Draft Riots, 368.

Drake, Sir Francis, English explorer,
portrait, 19; his explorations, 18.
Dred Scott Decision, 326-327.
Duke's Laws, 83-84.

Duquesne, Fort (Pittsburgh), 125, 127-
128, 130-131.

Durham, N. C., Johnston's surrender at, 377.

Dutch, in Connecticut, 70-71; found New
Netherland, 77-83; conquered by the
English, 83; in Delaware, 85-86.
Duties, in the colonies, 137, 139; imposed
by Parliament, 145-146, 148; after the
Revolution, 201, 241. See also Tariff.

EARLY, General Jubal A. (C.), his raids
in the Shenandoah Valley, 371; at
Cedar Creek, 371-372.

Earth, ancient theories about, 6, 7; Colum-

bus' ideas of, 6-7; proved a sphere, 15.
East India Company, Dutch, 77.

Eaton, Theophilus, founds New Haven, 72.
Education, in colonies, 33, 40-41, 49, 63-64.
83, 94, 107, 108; in Northwest Territory,
204-205; in 1790, 218-219; growth of
before 1860, 284-285; in the New South,
431-432; in the North, 444-446; in
new colonies, 455-456, 457-458.
Edward, Fort, 173.

El Caney, battle of, 452.
Elections, Presidential, of 1789, 221; of
1792, 230; of 1796, 230; of 1800, 233-
235; of 1804, 238; of 1808, 244; of 1812,
1816, and 1820, 256; of 1824, 269; of 1828,
272-273; of 1832, 274; of 1836, 276; of
1840, 277-278; of 1844, 304, 305-306; of
1848, 311-312; of 1852, 320-321; of 1856,
325; of 1860, 331-332; of 1864, 368-369;
of 1868, 391; of 1872, 397; of 1876, 400-
402; of 1880, 403-404; of 1884, 406-407;
of 1888, 408-409; of 1892, 411; of 1896,
414; of 1900, 458; of 1904, 464; of 1908,
466; of 1912, 469.

Electoral Commission, 401-402.

Electors, Presidential, 209-210, 221, 235.
Electricity, 435.

Elizabeth, Queen, portrait, 18; encourages
exploration, 19.

Emancipation, proclamation of, 358-359;

Northern opposition to, 367.

Embargo Act, 244.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 265.
Emigrant Aid Society, 322.

Endicott, John, portrait, 66; founds
Salem, 58; and the Quakers, 65-66.
England, explorers and settlements of, 13,
14, 17-20; and the struggle for Amer-
ica, 121-135; institutions and colonial
policy of, 133, 136-137; and American
commerce, 241, 244; in the War of
1812, 246-255; and the Civil War, 344,
377; and the Venezuelan dispute, 414.
English, William H., candidate for the
Vice-Presidency, 404.

Episcopalians, in the colonies, 41, 45, 59, 67.
"Era of Good Feeling," 268-269.
Ericson, Leif, Norse explorer, 2.

Ericsson, John, inventor of the "Monitor,"
348.

Erie, Lake, battle of, 251-252.
Erie Canal, 262-263.

Estaing, Count, d', in the assault on Sav-
annah, 186.

European War, 472.

Eutaw Springs, battle of, 192.
Excise Law, 224, 225-226.

Expansion, territorial, of the United States,
237, 258-259, 306, 311, 395, 454. 446-
456, 461-462.

Explorations, early period of, 1-25; of the
West, 118-121, 238-240.

Exports, from the colonies, 114-116, 136-
137; from the United States, 215-216,
220, 421, 435: of cotton during the
Civil War, 345-346.

Expositions, 432-434, 442-444, 464.
Express System, establishment of, 416.

FACTORIES, 216, 289.

Fair Oaks, battle of, 354-355.
Faneuil Hall, 149.

Farmers' Alliance, 410-411.

Farmer's Letters," written by John Dick-
inson, 153.

Farming, see Agriculture.

enters

Farragut, Admiral David G., portrait, 373.
takes New Orleans, 352-353;
Mobile Bay, 373-

"Father of the Constitution," 207.

Federal Hall, 222.

Federal Reserve banks, 470.
Federal Union, see Union.
"Federalist, The," 212.

Federalist Party, rise of, 225; pass Alien
and Sedition Laws, 232; defeat of, 233-
234; oppose the Louisiana Purchase, 238;
and the Hartford Convention, 256.
Ferguson, Major Patrick (E.), at battle of
King's Mountain, 188-190.
Field, Cyrus W., portrait, 293; lays the
Atlantic cable, 293-294.

Fifteenth Amendment, 393.

"Fifty-four Forty or Fight," 305, 306.
Filipino, 457.

Fillmore, Millard, portrait, 317: succeeds
to the Presidency, 318; in campaign of
1856, 325

Financial Panics, see Panics.
Fitch, John, inventor, 216.
Five Forks, battle of. 377.

Five Nations, 24. 25, 78, 114. 117-118,

122, 126, 180-181.

Flags, 158, 174, 184. 303, 333, 334, 340,

349.

Flamborough Head, scene of Paul Jones'
great victory, 185.
Fletcher, royal governor, 116.

Florida, discovered by Ponce de Leon, 14;
expedition of Narvaez to, 15; settled
by the Spanish, 16; Huguenot colony
in, 17; ceded to Spain, 196; purchased
by the United States, 258-259; ad-
mission of, 283; secedes, 333.
"Florida," Confederate cruiser, 373.
Foote, Commodore Andrew H. (U.), at

Forts Henry and Donelson, 349-350;
captures Island No. 10 and Memphis,

France, government and institutions of.
13, 14, 133; explorations and settle-
ments, 16-17, 77-78, 117-121, 125: and
the struggle for North America, 121-
135; cedes region west of the Mississippi,
133; in the American Revolution, 176-
177; and the treaty of peace with Eng-
land, 195-196; loans from, 200; revo-
lution in, 228, 231; sells Louisiana,
237-238; and the Civil War, 344; in
Mexico, 394.

Franklin, Benjamin, portrait, 176; and
the Albany Plan of Union, 126-127; in
England, 154: and the Declaration of
Independence, 164; his work in France,
170-177; and the "Bon Homme
Richard," 185. note 1; and the treaty of
peace, 195-196; in the Constitutional
Convention, 207.

Franklin, battle of, 375-376.
Frederica, Ga., founded, 51.
Frederick the Great, 129, 131 179.
Fredericksburg, battle of, 359.
Freedman's Bureau, 389.

Freedom of Speech, 110, 232.

Free Silver, see Silver and Bimetallism.
Free Soil Party, 311-312, 321, 325.
Free Trade, see Tariff.

Fremont, John C., explores the West, 309;
first Republican candidate for the Pres-
idency, 325; guards the Shenandoah
region, 354: defeated by Stonewall
Jackson, 355; in the Presidential cam-
paign of 1864, 368.

French and Indian War, 124-135.
Friends, see Quakers.

Frobisher, Sir Martin, English explorer, 18,
Frontenac, Comte Louis, governor of
Canada, 119.

Fugitive Slave Law, 315, 317. 318.

Fulton, Robert, portrait, 240; perfects the
steamboat, 240.

Funding Bill, 223.

Fur Trade, in the colonies, 39, 43, 70, 77,
78, 96, 114 119, 125.

Genoa, trade routes from, 3.

Geneva Tribunal, 395–396.

George II., 51.

George III., portrait, 138; his attitude
toward the colonies, 138, 139, 145, 146,
148, 154, 162-163, 195.

Georgia, founding of, 49-52; charter of,
51; becomes a royal province, 52; in
the Revolution, 186; slavery in, 209;
and the Seminoles, 259; secedes, 333.
Germans, immigration of, 48, 52, 281;
loyalty to the Union, 349.
Germantown, battle of, 171-172.
Gerry, Elbridge, and the Constitution, 207.
212; commissioner to France, 231.
Gettysburg, battle of, 360-362.
Ghent, treaty of, 255.

Gila River, disputed boundary, 311.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, English explorer.

19.

Gillmore, General Q. A. (U.), takes Fort
Sumter, 376.

Goethals, Colonel George W., Chief Engi-
neer of the Panama Canal, portrait, 460.
Goffe, William, regicide, 73.

Gold, discoveries of, 315, 415, 417-418.
Gold Currency, see Currency.
Golden Hill, battle of, 147.

Goldsboro, N. C., taken by Sherman, 376.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, settles Maine, 69-

70.

Government, United States, see Articles of
Confederation, Constitution, Congress,
United States, etc.

Government Land, see Public Lands.
Governors, Congress of, 466.
Granada, fall of, 9.

"Grand Model," for government of the
Carolinas, 46.

Grant, Ulysses S. (U.), portrait, 369; in
war with Mexico, 309; captures Forts
Henry and Donelson, 349-350; at battle
of Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing), 351; at
battle of Iuka, 353; in campaign around
Vicksburg. 362-364; takes command at
Chattanooga, 365; becomes Lieutenant-
General, 369-370; in Wilderness camp-.
aign, 370; receives surrender of Lee, 377;
elected president, 391; sends troops to
south, 394; reëlected, 397.
Grants, Royal, 42. 46, 70, 86, 91.
Great Britain, see England.

Great Law of Pennsylvania, 93.
Greeley, Horace, editor of the Tribune, 369;
candidate for the Presidency, 396-397:
death of, 397.

Greenback Party, 400, 410.

Greene, General Nathanael (A.), portrait,
190; at Bunker Hill, 159. his cam-
paign in the South, 190-192.

Greenland, settled by Northmen, 2.

Greenville, treaty of, 226.

Guadalupe Hidalgo, treaty of, 311.

Guam, island of, 454.

Guilford Court House, battle of, 191.
Gustavus Adolphus, 85.

HALE, John P., candidate for the Presi-
dency, 321.

Hale, Nathan, 167.

"Half Moon," Henry Hudson's ship, 77.

Halleck, General Henry W. (U.), com-
mander in the West, 349; commander
of the Union armies, 356.

Hamilton, Alexander, portrait, 203; on
the army and Congress, 201; works for
a stronger government, 203; at the
Annapolis meeting, 206; in the Consti-
tutional Convention, 207; Secretary of
the Treasury, 222; establishes the
national credit, 223-224; defends Jay's
treaty, 229-230; shot by Burr, 238.
Hamilton, Andrew, Quaker lawyer, de-
fends free speech, 110.

Hamilton, General (E.), and the George
Rogers Clark expedition, 182.

Hamlin, Hannibal, Vice-President under
Lincoln, 331.

Hampton Roads, battle of "Merriniac"
and "Monitor" in, 347.

Hancock, John, threatened with arrest,
152, 155; president of Continental Con-
gress, 159; and the Constitution, 207,

212.

Hancock, General Winfield Scott (U.), at
battle of Gettysburg, 360, 361; candi-
date for the Presidency, 404.
Harper's Ferry, John Brown at, 329.
Harrison, Benjamin, in the second Conti-

nental Congress, 159; Washington's
letter to, 202.

Harrison, Benjamin, portrait, 409; elected
President, 409; defeated by Cleveland,

411.

Harrison, Fort, 247.

Harrison, William Henry, portrait, 278;
wins battle of Tippecanoe, 247-248;
defeats Canadians and Indians, 251,
252; elected President 277-278; death
of, 279.

Hartford, Conn., settled, 71.
Hartford Convention, 256.
Harvard College, 63, 99, 108.
Harvey, John, royal governor, 36.
Hatteras Inlet, capture of, 352.

Havana, destruction of "Maine" at, 449.
Haverhill, Mass., Indian massacre at, 123.
Hawaii, revolution in, 413; annexation
of, 454.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 265.
Hay, John, portrait, 462.

Hayes, Rutherford B., portrait, 402; can-
didate for the Presidency, 400-401;
chosen by the Electoral Commission,
401-402; removes troops from the
South, 402; vetoes Bland Silver Bill, 403.
Hayne, Robert Y., debates with Webster,
297-298; threatens secession, 299.
Heights of Abraham, 132.

Hendricks, Thomas A., Vice-President
under Cleveland, 406.

Hennepin, Father, French missionary, 120.
Henrietta Maria, Queen, portrait, 43:
Maryland named for, 42.

Henry, Fort, taken by Grant, 349.
Henry, Patrick, portrait, 152; his speech
in the House of Burgesses, 143; in the
first Continental Congress, 153
George Rogers Clark, 181; his attitude
toward the Constitution, 207, 212.

aids

Henry, Prince, of Portugal, portrait, 4
his school of navigation, 4-5.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 266.
"Holy Alliance," 267.

Homestead. Pa., strike at, 441.
Homestead Law, 417.

Hood, General John B. (C.), succeeds
Johnston, 372; defeated at Atlanta,
372; moves against Thomas, 374; at
battle of Franklin, 375-376; at Nash-
ville, 376.

Hooker, General Joseph, (U.), at battle of
Chancellorsville, 359; at battle of Look-
out Mountain, 365-366.

Hooker, Thomas, advocates government
by the people, 61, 72; leads colony to
Connecticut, 61, 71.

House of Burgesses, see Burgesses.
House of Commons, see Commons.
House of Representatives, see Representa-
tives.

"House Divided against Itself" speech,
Lincoln's, 327.

Houston, Sam, portrait, 303; leads the
revolution in Texas, 303-304.
Howe, Elias, inventor, 290.

Howe, General George, (E.), leads expc-
dition against Ticonderoga, 130.
Howe, Richard Earl (E), commands
British fleet in the Revolution, 166.
Howe, General William (E.), portrait, 161;
evacuates Boston, 161; at battle of Long
Island, 167; occupies Philadelphia, 171-
172; fails to support Burgoyne, 172, 175;
succeeded by Clinton, 179.
Hudson, Henry, discovers the Hudson
River, 77.

Hudson River, discovery of, 77.
Huguenots, found colony in Florida, 17;
in the Carolinas, 48; in New Nether-
land, 81.

Hull, Captain Isaac, defeats the "Guerri-
ere," 248-249.

Hull, General William, surrenders Detroit,
249.

Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne, banished from
Massachusetts, 62; settles Portsmouth,
R. I., 75-76.

ICELAND, settled by the Northmen, 2.
Idaho, territory organized, 418; admitted,
418.

Illinois, admitted, 258.

Immigration, 47, 48, 92, 95, 97-98, 280-
281.

Impeachment, of President Johnson, 390.
Imperialism, 454. 459.

Impressment of American Seamen, 229,
25, 241, 242, 243, 246.

Income Tax, 384. 411, 413, 470.
"Indented Servants," 31, 98.

Independence, growth of idea in the colo-
nies, 144. 162-163; Declaration of,
163-165.

Independence Hall, 207.

"Independent" Republicans, 406.
Independent Treasury, see Treasury.
India, search for routes, to 2-11.
Indians, why so named, 21; and the set-
tlement of America, 21-22; characteris-
tics and government, 22-25; treaties
with, 56, 77-78, 93-94, 126; and the
French, 117-118, 122-123, 124-135;
battles with, 66-67, 71, 134, 247-248,
254, 424-426; policy of the government
toward, 424-425. See also under names
of tribes.

Indian Territory, 425, 426, 465.

Indiana, territory of, 245, 247; admitted,
258.

Indigo, 49, 52, 115.

Industries, in the colonies, 31, 43, 48-49.
52, 57. 113-116; development of, see
Manufacturing, Agriculture, etc.
Initiative, Referendum, and, 470.
Internal Commerce, see Commerce.
Internal Improvements, origin of demand
for, 260; favored by the Whigs, 270,
274. See also Canals, Railroads, etc.
Internal Revenue, 384-385. See also
Taxation.

Interstate Commerce Commission, 407.
Intolerable Acts of 1774, 151-152.
Inventions, 220, 240, 264, 285-290, 292,

434-438.

Iowa, admitted, 283.

Irish, immigration of, 281.
Iron, 288-289, 428.
Ironclads, 348.

Iroquois Indians, see Five Nations.
Irrigation, 427:

Irving, Washington, portrait, 264; his
writings, 264-265.

Isabella, Queen, aids Columbus, 9.
Island No. 10, capture, of 352.
Isthmian Canal, see Panama Canal.
Iuka, battle of, 353.

JACKSON, Andrew, portrait, 271; takes
Pensacola, 254; at battle of Horseshoe
Bend, 254; at battle of New Orleans,
254-255; invades Florida, 259; candi-
date for the Presidency, 269-272; elected
President, 272-273;
introduces the
"Spoils System," 273-274; destroys
the United States Bank, 274-275; and
nullification, 298, 299.
Jackson, battle of, 363.
Jackson, Fort, 352.

Jackson, General Thomas J. (“Stonewall ")
(C.), portrait, 342; in the war with
Mexico, 309; at the first battle of Bull
Run, 343; his raid, 355; at battle of
Chancellorsville, 359-360.

James I., 35, 55, 57.

James II., 45, 67, 68, 83, 84, 85, 122.
Jamestown, settlement of, 20-31; devel-

opment of, 31-35; under royal govern-
ment, 35-41; burning of, 40.
Jamestown Exposition, 465.

Japan, opened to commerce, 292.
Jay, John, portrait, 223; appointed peace
commissioner, 195-196; appointed Chief
Justice, 223; makes treaty with England,
229-230.

Jay Cooke & Co., failure of, 398.
Jefferson, Thomas, portrait, 237; frames
Declaration of Independence, 164:
frames plan of government for the
Northwest Territory, 204; minister to
France, 207; Secretary of State, 222;
and the Democratic-Republicans, 225;
elected Vice-President, 231; writes the
Kentucky Resolutions, 233; elected
President, 233-235 ideas of, 236;
makes the Louisiana Purchase, 237-
238; peace policy of, 236, 241, 242, 243.
"Jerry Rescue," 319.

Jerseys, see New Jersey.

Johnson, Andrew, portrait, 387; chosen
Vice-President, 368; his plan of recon-
struction, 387-388; Congress opposes,
388, 389; impeachment of, 390.
Johnson, Sir John (E.), aids St. Leger,

174.

Johnson, Sir William, leads expedition
against Crown Point, 127; captures
Niagara, 131.

Johnston, General Albert Sidney (C.),
killed at battle of Shiloh (Pittsburg
Landing), 351.

Johnston, General Joseph E. (C.), portrait,

376; collects Confederate army, 342;
at battle of Fair Oaks. 354-355; in the
campaign around Vicksburg, 363:
succeeds Bragg, 366; succeeded by
Hood, 372; restored to command, 376;
at Bentonville, 376; surrender of, 377.
Joliet, Louis, French explorer, 119.
Jones, John Paul, portrait, 185; his great
sea fight, 185.

Judges, see Courts.

Jury, trial by, 133, 140, 144, 325.

KANSAS, organized as a territory, 321;
struggle in, 322-325.
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 321.
Kaskaskia, founded, 121.

Kearny, Colonel Stephen, conquers New
Mexico, 309.

"Kearsarge,' Union man-of-war, sinks
the "Alabama," 374.

Kennesaw Mountain, battle of, 372.
Kent Island, Claiborne's post on, 43, 45.
Kentucky, settlement of, 181; under Vir-
ginia rule, 204; becomes a state, 257;
the Civil War in, 349, 350, 353.
Kentucky Resolutions, 232-233.
Key, Francis Scott, composes the "Star
Spangled Banner," 254, note 1.

Kidd, Captain William, pirate, 116.

Kieft, Dutch governor, 80.

King George's War, 124.

King Philip's War, 66-67.

King William's War, 122-124.

King's College (Columbia University),
founded, 108.

King's Mountain, battle of, 188-190.
Knights of Labor, 439-440, 441.

"Knownothing" Party, 325-326.

Knox, General Henry (A.), carries cannon
to Boston, 161: Secretary of War, 222.
Knoxville, battle of, 366.

Kosciusko, Thaddeus, Polish patriot in
the American army, 171, 175.
Kuklux Klan, 393.

LABOR, Knights of, 439-440.
Labor Party, 397.

Labor Unions, 439-440.

Laborers, foreign, legislation against, 407.
Ladrones, dicovered by Magellan, 15:
United States possessions in, 454.
Lafayette, Jean Paul, portrait, 170; joins
the American army, 171; at battle of
Monmouth, 179; in the South, 192;
revisits the United States, 267.
Lake Champlain, battle of, 253.
Lake Erie, battle of, 251-252.
Lake of the Woods, 196.

Land System, see Public Lands.

La Salle, French explorer, names Louisi-

ana, 120-121.

"Law of Nations," 14.

"Lawrence," Perry's flagship, 251.
Lawrence, Captain James, defeated by
the "Shannon," 250.

Lawrence, Kan., settled 322; attack on, 323.
Lecompton Constitution, 324.

Lee, General Charles (A.), captured by
the British, 167; treachery of, 179.
Lee, Fort, 166, 167.

with

Lee, Henry ("Light Horse Harry") (A.),
captures Paulus Hook, 183;
Greene in the South, 190, 191.
Lee, Richard Henry, in the first Conti-
nental Congress, 153; introduces reso-
lution for independence, 163; and the
Constitution, 207, 212.

Lee, General Robert E. (C.), portrait, 355;
in the war with Mexico, 309; captures
John Brown, 329; in command of Con-
federate army, 355; in the "Seven
Days' Battle," 355-356; at second bat-
tle of Bull Run, 357; at battle of Antie-
tam, 357; at battle of Gettysburg, 360-
362; in the Wilderness campaign, 370;
surrender of, 377.

Leiden, Pilgrims at, 54.
Leisler, Jacob, rule of, 83-84.
"Leopard," British

"Chesapeake," 243.

Irigate, and the

Letters of Marque and Reprisal, 184.
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 238-239; one-
hundredth anniversary, 465.
Lexington, battle of, 155-156.
Liberal Republican Party, 396.
"Liberator," Garrison's anti-slavery paper,