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Even Scott was not exempt from the failing. "I was once," said he, "in company with Walter Scott, where there were many of us, all exceedingly merry. He was delightful-we were charmed with him; when suddenly a lord was announced. The lord was so obscure, that I had never heard of him, and cannot recollect his name. In a moment Scott's whole manner and bearing were changed. He was no longer the easy, delightful, independent good fellow, but the timid, distant, respectful worshipper of the great man. I was astonished and, after all, you might have made a score of dukes and lords of Walter Scott, and scarcely missed what was taken away." Mr. Rogers said, if he had a son who wished to have a confidential friend, he would recommend him to choose a Scotsman. He would do so in the spirit of the old maxim, that a man will be found the best friend to another who is the best friend to himself. A Scotsman will always look to himself as well as to his friend, and will do nothing to disgrace either. Thus, in his friend, my son would have a good example as well as a safe adviser.

eighty, yet he is in the full enjoyment of life and | character strongly impressed upon him, and that all its best pleasures. He has several thousands this was one of the main sources of his strength. per annum, and I am sure he gives away fifteen His nationality was a font of inspiration. Mr. hundred in charity. Rogers said nothing. Campbell then went on to Next morning Mr. Campbell called at the Tavis-censure the Scotch for their worship of the great. tock hotel, where he had kindly agreed to meet me, that we might go together to St. James' Place. On the way, I mentioned that I had been reading Leigh Hunt's book about Lord Byron, which I had purchased at a stall. "There is a great deal of truth in it," said he; "but it is a pity Hunt wrote it." He thought Byron would have been a better man if he had continued to live in England: "the open light of English society and English manners would have kept him more generally right." We found at Mr. Rogers' two other guests-Major Burns, second son of the poet, and the Honorable Charles Murray. Neither of these gentlemen had seen Campbell before, and they appeared highly gratified at the meeting. In the conversation that passed, I shall of course only glance at literary or public topics, not casual or hasty remarks. Captain Murray informed the poet of the present state of Wyoming in Pennsylvania, which has lost, if it ever possessed, that romantic seclusion and primitive manners drawn so beautifully by Campbell: it is now the scene of extensive iron and coal works. The conversation then turned on Captain Murray's adventures among the American Indians. He was several months with- Mr. Campbell said he had, when a young man, out seeing a white man. He said he fully believed an interview with Charles James Fox, which gave the stories told in narratives of shipwrecks, of men him a very high idea of him as a man. It was too becoming wolfish and unnatural from excessive | bad, he added, in Sir Walter Scott, even in those hunger. He was at one time nearly two days bad times, to write of Fox as he did in his political without food, though undergoing severe exercise song on Lord Melville's acquittal, Fox being at on horseback. At the close of the second day he the time on his death-bed. Mr. Rogers explained got a piece of raw buffalo flesh, which he devoured that Sir Walter had in that room expressed his greedily; and had it been a piece of human flesh, deep regret at the circumstance: he said he would he was almost convinced he could not have re- sooner have cut off his hand than written the lines frained from eating it. Major Burns instanced if he had known the state in which Fox then was. Byron's vivid description of the shipwreck in Don" This," added Rogers, "Scott told me with tears Juan, which was founded on fact. "Yes," said in his eyes." I mentioned having seen some unCampbell, "Byron read carefully for materials for published letters of Sir Walter, addressed to Lady his poems." The manner in which Byron intro- Hood (now Mrs. Stewart Mackenzie of Seaforth,) duces the cannibalism of the famished seamen-in which he also expressed regret on account of their first dark hints on the subject of murdering one of their number for food-is certainly a very powerful piece of painting. As the cant phrase is it is like a sketch by Rembrandt.

his unlucky political song, for which he had been blamed by Lady Hood and the then Marchioness of Stafford.

The poets talked of Shakspeare. Rogers said playfully that Shakspeare's defects of style and expression were so incorporated with his beauties, and we were so blinded by admiration, that we did not discover them. He instanced the construction of the fine passage

"And the poor beetle that we tread upon,
In corporal sufferance feels a pang as great
As when a giant dies."

The presence of Major Burns naturally led to remarks on his father's genius. Campbell got quite animated. He said Burns was the Shakspeare of Scotland-a lesser diamond, but still a genuine one. Tam O'Shanter was his masterpiece, and he (Campbell) could still repeat it all by heart. It reminded him of a certain class of sculpture the second or Alexandrian class-in which the figures were cast, not hewn or worked out by patient labor. Tam O'Shanter appeared to have been produced in a similar manner, cast out of the "The beetle feels nothing when a giant dies, but poet's glowing fancy, perfect at once. The actual of course the poet meant that it felt at its own circumstances attending the composition of Tam death a pang as great as a giant feels when he O'Shanter are not unlike this, as may be seen from dies. Naturalists will not concede this; but I the interesting account given by Mr. Lockhart. speak only of the construction of the lines; such As Johnson loved to gird at David Garrick, but slovenly and elliptical expression would not be would allow no one else to censure him, Campbell tolerated in an inferior poet.' "We are all liked occasionally to have a hit at his countrymen, taught from youth to idolize Shakspeare," said on the score of their alleged Pharisaical moderation Campbell. "Yes," rejoined Rogers, "we are and prudence. Burns, he maintained, had none of the pawkiness characteristic of his country-he was the most unscotsmanlike Scotsman that ever existed. Some of us demurred to this sally, and attempted to show that Burns had the national

brought up in the worship of Shakspeare, as some foreigner remarked." The sonnets of Shakspeare were then adverted to, Mr. Rogers expressing a doubt of their genuineness, from their inferiority to the dramas. The quaint expression, and elabo

rate, exaggerated style of these remarkable pro- good," said Campbell, laughing, "I would place ductions would not, however, appear so singular his father (looking to Major Burns) above any of in the time of Elizabeth. Poets are generally them." It was impossible not to think of Campmore formal and stiff in youth than in riper years, bell's own lines in his Ode to the Memory of and in the plays of Shakspeare we see the gradual Burns :formation of his taste and his acquisition of power. It is worthy of remark, however, as Mr. Campbell mentioned, that the Venus and Adonis (a truly fine Shakspearian poem) was written before the sonnets, as the poet, in his dedication to Lord Southampton, calls it "the first heir of his in

vention."

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I took occasion to ask Campbell if it was true that Sir Walter Scott had got the whole of the Pleasures of Hope by heart after a few readings of the manuscript one evening. No," said he; "I had not met Scott when the Pleasures of Hope was in manuscript; but he got Lochiel's Warning by heart after reading it once, and hearing it read another time it was a wonderful instance of memory." He corrected me for pronouncing "Lochiel" as a dissyllable. "It is Loch-ee-il," said he; "such is the pronunciation of the country; and the verse require it." Rogers laughed heartily at the anecdote told by Moore, that Scott had never seen Melrose by moonlight, notwithstanding his poetical injunction

"If thou would'st view Melrose aright,

Go visit it by the pale moonlight," &c.

"O deem not 'midst this worldly strife
An idle art the poet brings;
Let high philosophy control,
And sages calm the stream of life,
'Tis he refines its fountain-springs,
The nobler passions of the soul."

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"He made

The only instance of Mr. Rogers' severity which I noticed in the course of the forenoon, was a remark concerning a literary foreigner who had been on a visit to London, and left an unfavorable impression on his English admirers. himself one evening," said he, so disagreeable, that I had a mind to be very severe. I intended to have inquired in the tenderest tone how his wife was?" The gentleman alluded to and his wife had, it appears, separated a few days after their marriage from incompatibility of temper. The conversation now turned to the subject of marriage. Mr. Rogers said he thought men had judged too harshly of Swift for his conduct towards Stella and Vanessa. Swift might have the strongest affection for both, yet hesitate to enter upon marriage with either. Marriage is an awful step (a genuine old bachelor conclusion!) and Johnson "He had seen other ruins by moonlight, and said truly, that to enter upon it required great knew the picturesque effect, or he could very easily moral courage. Upon my word," said Campimagine it." Major Burns said that Scott ad-bell, "in nine cases out of ten it looks like madmitted the same to him on the only occasion he ness." This led to some raillery and laughter, had ever met the great minstrel; and Jonny and we shortly afterwards took our leave. CapBower, the sexton, confirmed the statement, add-tain Murray had been compelled to leave early, and ing, "He never got the key from me at night, we were thus deprived of his lively and varied conand if he had got in, he must have speeled the versation. Four hours had sped away to my inwa's." Campbell was greatly amused at this. finite delight. The poets parted with many affectionate words and congratulations, promising to meet again." I walked with Mr. Campbell to the Clarence Club, and on quitting him there, he said, "Be sure to go to Dulwich in the afternoon and see the pictures you can easily get there, and in the evening roll back to London in that chariot of fire, the railway train.”

Some observations were made on the English style of Scotch authors. It was acknowledged by both the poets that Beattie wrote the purest and most idiomatic English of any Scotch author, not even excepting those who had been long resident in England. The exquisite style of Hume was warmly praised. "He was substantially honest too," said Campbell. "He was, from principle and constitution, a tory historian, but he makes large and liberal admissions on the other side. When I find him conceding to his opponents, I feel a certainty in the main truth of his narrative. Now, Malcolm Laing is always carping at his opponents, and appears often in the light of a special pleader." "Hume has one sentence in his history," said Mr. Rogers, "which all authors should consider an excellent specimen of his style;" and the venerable poet, with great alacrity, went up to the library, and brought down a volume of Hume. He opened it at the account of the reign of James I., and read aloud with a smile of satisfaction" Such a superiority do the pursuits of literature possess above every other occupation, that even he who attains but a mediocrity in them, merits the preeminence above those that excel the most in the common and vulgar professions." "Dr. Chalmers," continued Mr. Rogers, "went farther than this. In one of his sermons here, which all the world went to hear, he remarked, when speaking of the Christian character, that it was above that of the warrior, the statesman, the philosopher, and even the poet-thus placing you, Campbell, above the Duke of Wellington.' Very

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"oft

I did so, and also attempted to Boswellize our morning's talk-my first and only attempt of the kind. Let any one make a similar effort to recall and write down a four hours' conversation, and he will rise with a higher idea of Boswell than he ever previously entertained!

I had afterwards frequent opportunities of meeting the poet. He was seen to most advantage in the mornings, when a walk out of doors, in the sunshine, seldom failed to put him in spirits. He had a strong wish to "make a book" on Greek literature, taking his lectures in the New Monthly Magazine for his groundwork. Sometimes I found him poring over Clarke's Homer, or a copy of Euripides, on which occasions he would lay down the volume, take off his spectacles, and say, with pride, "I was at this by seven o'clock in the morning." Early rising was a favorite theme with him, though latterly he was, like Thomson, more eager to inculcate than to adopt the practice. "Gertrude of Wyoming" was a daylight production, written during his residence at Sydenham, near London-his first home after marriage, and the scene of his brightest and happiest days. Mr Campbell spoke with animation one morning of a breakfast he had just had at Mr. Hallam's.

It

was the breakfast of the poets," said he, "for| Among the literary opinions of Mr. Campbell, Moore, Rogers, Wordsworth, and Mr. Milman was one which he was fond of maintaining-the were there. We had a delightful talk." Camp- superiority of Smollett as a novelist, compared bell had very little regard for the "Lake Poets," with Fielding. This is mentioned in the Life of as they were called, but he held Wordsworth to Crabbe; and I asked in what points he considered be greatly superior to the others. He admired the superiority to consist? "In the vigor and Coleridge's criticism, but maintained that he got rapidity of his narrative," he said, "no less than some of his best ideas from Schlegel. "He was in the humor of his incidents and characters. He such an inveterate dreamer," said he, "that I had more imagination and pathos. Fielding has dare say he did not know whether his ideas were no scene like that in the robber's hut in Count original or borrowed." Yet Campbell used to Fathom he had no poetry, and little tenderness ridicule most of the charges brought against in his nature." Yet the real life and knowledge authors of direct plagiarism. One day the late of human nature evinced by Fielding, his wit, John Mayne, the Scottish poet, accused him of and the unrivalled construction of his plots, seem appropriating a line from an old balladto place him above his great associate in English fiction. Neither was remarkable for delicacy; but Smollett was incomparably the coarser of the two. Certainly, like good wines, Fielding improves with age, and the racy flavor of his scenes and characters has a mellow ripeness that never cloys on the taste. Mr. Campbell, as already hinted, had a roving adventurous fancy, that loved a quick succession of scenes and changes, and this predilection might have swayed him in favor of Smollett. Some things Smollett may have done better than Fielding, but not entire novels.

"Adown the glen rode armed men." "Pooh," said he, " the old ballad-writer had it first -that was all." Two well-known images in the Pleasures of Hope are taken, it will be recollected, one from Blair's Grave, and the other from Sterne. A poet, in the hour of composition, waiting for the right word, or the closing image, he once compared to a gardener or florist waiting for the summer shower that was to put all his flower-beds into life and beauty. In his own moments of inspiration, however, Campbell was no such calm expectant. He used to be much excited-walking about-and even throwing himself down. In the island of Mull, where he first felt the force of his rapidly-awakening powers, his friends, at such times, used to think him crazed. But to return to our memoranda. Moore, according to Campbell, had the most sparkling and brilliant fancy of any modern poet. "He is a most wonderful creature-a fire-fly from heaven-yet, as Lady Holland said, what a pity we cannot make him bigger!" Scott, he said, had wonderful art in extracting and treasuring up old legends and char

acteristic traits of character and manners.

"In

After an interval of two years, I again met Mr. Campbell in London. He was then much changed feeble and delicate in health, but at times rallying wonderfully. I have a very vivid recollection of a pleasant day spent with him at Dr. Beattie's cottage at Hampstead. We walked over the heath, moralizing on the great city looming in the distance, begirt with villas

Like a swarth Indian with his belt of beads.

At Beattie's he was quite at home. The kind physician knew him well, and had great influence over him. Mr. Campbell at this time resided at housekeeper, and to this lady he left the whole of Pimlico. A young Scottish niece acted as his his little property.

his poems there is a great deal about the highlands, yet he made only passing visits to the country; After his Lord of the Isles came out, a friend said His letters from Boulogne were few and short, to me, 'Where can Walter Scott have got all those stories about the West Highlands? I was mostly complaining of the cold weather. In a note dated 17th November, 1843, we find him resix weeks there, making inquiries, yet heard nothing of them. It is his peculiar talent-his marking" The climate here is naturally severer genius,' I replied; for I was nearly six years Jove treats more mildly! I suppose the cold of than in England. Joy to you in Scotland, whom there, and knew nothing of them either. Crabbe the north has been ordered to march all to the was a pear of a different tree. What work he would have made among the Highland bothies! south, and that it is to be long billeted upon us!" His musa severior would have shown them up: the promotion of his niece's education. Mr. HamOne cause of the poet's residence in Boulogne was No romance-no legends-but appalling scenes of sordid misery and suffering. Crabbe was an ilton, the English consul was, as usual, kind amazingly shrewd man, yet mild and quiet in his looked in upon a ball-room or festive party, he and attentive; but though Campbell now and then manners. One day at Holland-house they were all lauding his simplicity-how gentle he is! how seldom stayed longer than an hour. Dr. Beattie simple! I was tempted to exclaim, Yes, sim- generously went to succor him in his last illness, plicity that could buy and sell the whole of you !' "' and the poet had the Church of England service for the sick read to him by the Protestant clergyThe early struggles and ill-requited literary drudgery which Campbell had to submit to for man of Boulogne. He died calmly and resignedly -his energies completely exhausted. He used to years, gave a tinge of severity to some of his opinions and judgments both of men and things. however, is no very prolonged span of life; yet his say he was of a long-lived race. Sixty-seven, These splenetic ebullitions, however, never interfered with his practical charity and kindness. He died much earlier. Gray, at the period of his two favorite poets, whom he resembled in genius, loved to do good, and he held fast by old friends death, was fifty-five, and Goldsmith only fortyand old opinions. Like Burns, he worshipped five. Campbell's magnificent funeral in West"firm resolve," minster Abbey is matter of history. Requiescat in pace!

That stalk of carl-hemp in man.

ANASTATIC PRINTING.

ing of his design. It is generally known that at present the artist draws in pencil his design on SPEAKING of this new wonder, Chambers' Jour- the box-wood, and that the engraver, with sharp nal says:-In contemplating the effect of these instruments, cuts away all the white parts or inastonishing inventions, it is impossible to foresee terstices, so as to cause the objects previously their results upon the ordinary transactions of figured to stand in relief, that they only may relife. If any deed, negotiable security, or other ceive the ink passed over them in printing. Unlegal instrument, can be so imitated that the fortunately, many wood-engravers, from want of writer of, and subscriber to it, cannot distinguish skill in drawing, do not render the intentions of his own handwriting from that which is forged, the designer with fidelity. Now, however, all new legislative enactments must be made, and the draughtsman will have to do will be to make new modes of representing money, and securing his drawing on paper, and that, line for line, will property by documentary record, must be resorted to. A paper currency and copyhold securities will be utterly useless, because they will no longer fulfil the objects for which they, and instruments of a like nature, are employed. Again, the law of copyright as respects literary property will have to be thoroughly revised. Let us, for an instant, view the case in reference to "The Times" newspaper. Suppose an early copy of that powerful journal to be some morning procured, and anastatyped in a quarter of an hour. The pirated pages may be subjected to printing machinery, and worked off at the rate of 4000 copies in each succeeding hour, and sold to the public, to the ruinous injury of the proprietors. The government newspaper stamp would be no protection, for of coarse that could be imitated as unerringly as the rest. This too, is an extreme case against the imitators; for a newspaper would have to be done in a great hurry. Books, maps, prints, and music, could be pirated wholesale, and at leisure.

Let us not be understood to apply any of these remarks to the inventors, as presuming for an instant, or by the remotest hint or inference, that they would be guilty of unworthy conduct. We merely state what is, we fear, inevitable when their inventions become public property, which, according to our information, from their extreme simplicity, is likely very soon to be the case.

be transferred to the zinc, and produce, when printed, exactly the same effect as his original draught. A pen is recommended for this purpose," which may be used on any paper free from hairs or filaments, and well sized. The requisite ink is a preparation made for the purpose, and may be mixed to any degree of thickness in pure distilled water, and should be used fresh and slightly warm when fine effect is to be given. In making or copying a design, pencil may be used, but the marks must be left on the paper, and by no means rubbed with India-rubber or bread. The paper should be kept quite clean, and free from rubbing, and should not be touched by the fingers, inasmuch as it will retain marks of very slight touches." A drawing thus produced can be readily transferred to the zinc in the manner above described for typography.

"Rare

Two pages of the Art-Union are printed upon the new plan. Besides the letterpress, from which we derive our present information, are five printed drawings and an illuminated letter. The letterpress," the editor, says 66 was first set in type by the ordinary printer of the Art-Union, leaving spaces for the drawn or engraved illustrations, which having been set into their respective places on a proof of the letterpress, the whole was cast on to a zinc plate, and so printed off." Neither is it to printing of recent date only that the invention is applicable; transfers from books The new process produces all the effects of a century old have already been made. stereotyping, with the advantage of taking the editions" and " Unique copies" will in a few duplicate from a printed impression, instead of years vanish from the counter of the book-sale and from the metal types themselves. So far, how- the shelves of the bibliomaniac. Now it is ascer ever, as we can ascertain, one disadvantage attained how exactly they may be counterfeited, not taches to the new process, which is, that in work- even Doctor Dibdin himself will be able to vening off impressions from the zinc plates, a kind of ture to pronounce upon a 'genuine black-letpress must be used different from that employed for types-one partaking somewhat of the nature of a lithographic press. Till, therefore, the inventors proceed with their improvements so far as to cause the acid to corrode the interstices of the letters sufficiently deep into the plate, as to make them stand relief of equal height with types, we do not anticipate that, as a substitute for stereotyping, it will be so extensively used as they anticipate. It may also be remarked that the economy of this invention will chiefly be seen in works of limited sale. In such as the present, the typographical arrangements sink into a bagatelle beside the enormous outlay for paper, an abolition of the duty on which would be of more use to such works than an invention doing away with every other expense whatsoever.

In another department of relief printing, there is no question that the anastatic process will cause a complete revolution, and that very speedily; namely, in illustrative and ornamental printing. Wood-engraving will be entirely superseded, for no intermediate process will now be necessary between the draughtsman and the print

ter."

66

From the Jewish Expositor.
JUDEA CAPTA.

DARK is the flow of Siloe's stream,
And Zion's walls are low;
Deserted Judah's cities seem
To mourn their children's woe.
Yet mourn not Judah, for the Lord
Will yet his arm extend,
Help to his suffering sons afford,
And Jacob's ills shall end.

From glowing realms of eastern light,
From evening's softer skies,
From where the Seven that rule the night,
In cold conjunction rise.

From southern climes, where'er tney be,
Where'er thy sons may roam,
A remnant yet their Lord shall see,
And find their promised home.

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.-No. 48.-12 APRIL, 1845.

CONTENTS.

CORRESPONDENCE.

FROM the tone of an article in the Times, there
seems to have been some fear of a revulsion in the
prosperity of England; but we hope that it was
not well founded. The immense increase in the
consumption of iron-for ships and houses, as well
as for railroads, and upon the Continent as well as
in Great Britain-sufficiently accounts for the ad-
vance of price, and the increase of business in that
branch of trade. Our American iron masters will
probably partake of this prosperity.

The Times has now its own correspondent"

regularly established at the town of Victoria in

Hong-kong; and that writer makes some very in-

teresting but by no means encouraging remarks on

the state and prospects of trade. It is to be feared,

he says, that much delusion has existed in Eng-

land on the subject. "Although, ultimately, a

new market may be found for English manufac-

tures by the opening of additional ports, and the

removal of many restrictions and charges, yet, in

fact, China had previously, through Canton, taken

all our goods for which there was any demand.

Before we can hope for any important increase of

that demand, there must be time to create among

the Chinese a greater desire for our manufactures

-a new order of wants; and until this is effected,

this prudent people, who have but little superflu-

ous to dispose of, will hardly expend that little

upon goods which they neither appreciate nor ad-

mire, simply because they are offered for sale at

five ports on the coast instead of one." It

be well for our mercantile community at home to

pause before they take it for granted that there

are 300,000,000 people all ready to receive what

we are ready to part with. Let them add two

other considerations,—first, to introduce new goods,

our merchants must be prepared to take more

Chinese products in barter; for, if the Chinese

enter into a cash trade for opium, we may be as-

sured they will do so for no other product. China

is most unfortunately deficient in exports; and the

only obvious means, therefore, of suddenly en-

larging the market, is to take more tea; and

towards this consummation, however devoutly de-

sired, the first step must be a reduction of the

duty on tea at home from 220 per cent., the present

rate, to something like cent per cent., or 1s. per

pound instead of 2s. 24d. Otherwise, increased

imports of tea beyond the consumption only lead

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to a fall in the price, which does not leave a suffi-
cient margin for the profit of the importer, or
indeed secure him from ruinous loss such as no
prudent merchant would risk. The second point
referred to consists in the facility with which, in
piece-goods and in other important articles of
commerce, the Americans can undersell us: in
lead they have nearly driven the English out of
the market; in cotton goods and domestics,'
they sell at a rate which will scarcely remunerate
the English manufacturer. Trade is at present,
and has hitherto been, heavy in everything but
opium." The tea-trade has opened inauspicious-
ly; It has been the custom at Canton for the first
sales of each season to regulate prices: while the
merchants were a limited body, they settled prices
deliberately; under the new order of things,
brokers have risen up, with no interest beyond
their commission; they have not scrupled to pur-
chase teas at any price; prices have therefore
begun at a high rate, sales have been checked,
some of the finest qualities alone having been
sold, and the great mass of the tea left in the
hands of the native merchants, to their great dis-
gust. They cannot, or will not, understand the
new order of things, and the necessity for depart-
ing from the custom which insisted that the upset
price of the first sales should regulate the remain-
der. The tea-men at Canton have lately issued a
truly amusing remonstrance on this subject, ad-
dressed to the foreign merchants- How could
we know,' exclaims the Wooe merchant of the
central flowery land, that all you honorable mer-
chants should change your former way, and be-
come crafty, capricious, merely choosing a few
teas of chops of the most superior Woo-ning teas,
and forthwith desisting, (from purchasing,) caus-
ing people to feel the most anxious and painful
suspense-the misery of those who look to the
corner of the wall and sigh after painted prunes?'
However unpalatable the task, the Chinese tea-
men, we apprehend, will have to learn that the
old custom must be changed, and that much
greater reductions than have ever entered into
their calculations must be made before they can
sell this year's products. The large stock which
was received in England last year, to make way
for the exchange of our goods on an increased
scale, has led to a proportionate diminution of the
prices of tea at home; and at the present rate of
prices at Canton, no one can purchase without
almost certainty of loss."

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