pen to you-but I won't think of it; no, I can't bear to think of that. Still, you ought to take care of yourself; for you know you 're not strong, Caudle; you know you 're not. How can you say you don't know? You must have seen it. But she always is happier here than anywhere else. Ha! what a temper that dear soul has! I call it a temper of satin; it is so smooth, so easy, and so soft. Nothing puts her out of the way. And then, if you only knew how she takes your part, Caudle! I'm sure, if you'd been her own son ten times over, she could n't be fonder of you. Don't you think so, Caudle? Eh, love? Now, do answer. How a remark of his when near the close of his life, that he could not see the mere handwriting of Lord Holland without a sudden expansion of his heart. Blanco White left Oxford when Whately went to Dublin. The archbishop prevailed with him to "Was n't dear mother so happy with us, toaccept a home in his family, and during this happy night? Now, you need n't go to sleep, so sudresidence with the Whatelys he published his denly. I say, was n't she so happy? You don't well-known answer to Moore's Travels of an Irish know? Gentleman in Search of a Religion. But what he saw of the Protestant clergy in Dublin was not of a kind to settle a wavering faith; doubts recurred he could not cope with; and in the course of remonstrance with a friend who had turned Unitarian, he turned Unitarian himself. A question of his absolute sincerity cannot be raised. He proved it by the most painful sacrifices; by what we must even call heroism, of a noble and touching kind. The truth was that his mind had never can you tell? Nonsense, Caudle; you must have recovered the first shock of the Jesuit discipline seen it. I'm sure, nothing delights the dear soul of Spain; it had rushed to a compromise, and so much as when she's thinking how to please compromises only last for a time. He left the you. friends who were so dear to him; and passed the remaining five years of his life at Liverpool, among strangers who became friends. "Don't you remember Thursday night, the stewed oysters when you came home? That was all dear mother's doings! Margaret,' says she to me, it's a cold night; and don't you think dear Mr. Caudle would like something nice before he goes to bed?' And that, Caudle, is how the oysters came about. Now, don't sleep, Caudle: do listen to me, for five minutes; 't is n't often I speak, goodness knows. "And then, what a fuss she makes when you 're out, if your slippers arn't put to the fire for you. She's very good? Yes-I know she is, Caudle. And has n't she been six monthsthough I promised her not to tell you-six months, working a watch-pocket for you! And with her eyes, dear soul-and at her time of life! Here his health, always feeble, gave way completely, and he was seldom free from grievous suffering. It is due to him to say that no mental conflict increased its pains. Of his new faith he had no doubt or misgiving; it sustained and kept him hopeful to the last. His letters to his old Oxford friends are beautiful: particularly those to Newman and Hawkins, (Arnold's friend, the provost of Oriel.) Still more beautiful is the conduct of the best of his old friends to him. By whomsoever these volumes may be read, the name of Whately will hereafter be less associated with logic, rhetoric, and learning, than with those noble and delightful traits of personal character "And then what a cook she is! I'm sure, which, connecting and elevating the whole human the dishes she 'll make out of next to nothing! İ race, warm and endear us all to each other. To try hard enough to follow her but, I'm not nothing of this was Blanco insensible; and in ashamed to own it, Caudle, she quite beats me. spite of his pains, and of a sort of desire to cleave Ha! the many nice little things she'd simmer up to martyrdom, the kindness of his Whatelys, for you-and I can't do it; the children, you Baden Powells, and Lord Hollands, true and un- know it, Caudle, take so much of my time. I swerving to the end, gave him not a few happy can't do it, love and I often reproach myself days in his last five years at Liverpool. He wrote that I can't. Now, you shan't go to sleep, Cauto John Mill and for the London and Westminster dle; at least, not for five minutes. You must Review. He published On Heresy, and every-hear me. where avowed his change of belief. He main- "I've been thinking, dearest-ha! that nasty tained a long and regular correspondence with Doctors Norton, Tuckerman, and Channing, of America. He waited steadily for death, and met the awful change with cheerful resignation. Among his last prayers was one that God would relieve the world from all established priesthoods. He died in 1840. We have left ourselves no space to illustrate this sketch by extracts from the volumes at present; but we will take another opportunity of showing the character of their contents, and the occasional passages of criticism and reflection which relieve their more prominent details. MRS. CAUDLE'S DEAR MOTHER. cough, love!-I've been thinking, darling, if we could only persuade dear mother to come and live with us. Now, Caudle, you can't be asleep; it's impossible-you were coughing only this minute-yes, to live with us. What a treasure we should have in her! Then, Caudle, you never need go to bed without something nice and hot. And you want it, Caudle. You don't want it? Nonsense, you do; for you 're not strong, Caudle; you know you're not. "I'm sure, the money she 'd save us in housekeeping. Ha! what an eye she has for a joint! The butcher does n't walk that could deceive dear mother. And then, again, for poultry! What a finger and thumb she has for a chicken! I never could market like her: it's a gift-quite a gift. "And then you recollect her marrow-puddings? You don't recollect 'em? Oh, fie! Caudle, how "Is your cold better to-night, Caudle? Yes: often have you flung her marrow-puddings in my I thought it was. "T will be quite well to-mor- face, wanting to know why I could n't make 'em? row, I dare say. There's a love! You don't And I would n't pretend to do it after dear mother. take care enough of yourself, Caudle, you don't. I should think it presumption. Now, love, if she And you ought, I'm sure; if only for my sake. was only living with us-come, you 're not asleep, For whatever I should do, if anything was to hap-Caudle-if she was only living with us, you could 66 have marrow-puddings every day. Now, don't | MS., suddenly went into tears; and I went to fling yourself about and begin to swear at marrow-sleep."-Punch. puddings; you know you like 'em, dear. "What a hand, too, dear mother has for a piecrust! But it's born with some people. What do you say? Why wasn't it born with me? Now, Caudle, that's cruel-unfeeling of you; I would n't have uttered such a reproach to you for the whole world. People can't be born as they like. "How often, too, have you wanted to brew at home! And I could never learn anything about brewing. But, ha! what ale dear mother makes! You never tasted it? No, I know that. But I recollect the ale we used to have at home: father never would drink wine after it. The best sherry was nothing like it. You dare say not? No, it was n't indeed, Caudle. Then, if dear mother was only with us, what money we should save in beer! And then you might always have your own nice, pure, good, wholesome ale, Caudle; and what good it would do you! For you 're not strong, Caudle. "And then dear mother's jams and preserves, love! I own it, Caudle; it has often gone to my heart that with cold meat you have n't always had a pudding. Now, if mother was with us, in the matter of fruit puddings, she 'd make it summer all the year round. But I never could preservenow mother does it, and for next to no money whatever. What nice dogs-in-a-blanket she'd make for the children! What's dogs in a blanket? Oh, they're delicious-as dear mother makes 'em. Now, you have tasted her Irish stew, Caudle? You remember that? Come, you 're not asleep you remember that? And how fond you are of it! And I never can have it made to please you! Now, what a relief to me it would be if dear mother was always at hand that you might have a stew when you liked. What a load it would be off my mind. 66 66 Again, for pickles! Not at all like anybody else's pickles. Her red cabbage-why it's as crisp as biscuit ! And then her walnuts-and her all sorts! Eh, Caudle? You know how you love pickles; and how we sometimes tiff about 'em? Now if dear mother was here, a word would never pass between us. And I'm sure nothing would make me happier, for-you 're not asleep Caudle!-for I can't bear to quarrel, can I, love? "The children, too, are so fond of her! And she'd be such a help to me with 'em! I'm sure, with dear mother in the house, I should n't care a fig for measles, or anything of the sort. As a nurse, she 's such a treasure! " And at her time of life, what a needlewoman! And the darning and mending for the children, it really gets quite beyond me now, Caudle. Now with mother at my hand, there would n't be a stitch wanted in the house. can't "And then when you 're out late, Caudle-for I know you must be out late, sometimes; I expect you, of course, to be always at home why then dear mother could sit up for you, and nothing would delight the dear soul half so much. "And so, Caudle, love, I think dear mother had better come, don't you? Eh, Caudle? Now, you're not asleep, darling; don't you think she'd better come? You say No? You say No again? You won't have her, you say. You wont, that's flat? Caudle-Cau-Cau-dle-Cau-dle-" Here, Mrs. Caudle," says Mr. C. in his 66 NEWSPAPER REPORTS OF MURDERS. LARGE sheets are as unfavorable to newspaper literature as large theatres have proved to dramatic art. In both cases excessive space has necessarily led to coarseness of execution. To the excessive size of our newspapers may in no slight degree be attributed the want of artistical handling in their reports of murders. It is useless to complain of the prominence given to such topics. The public will have them. The monotony of orderly business-life begets an irresistible craving for such strong stimulants. Even those who cry out against such pandering to a vitiated taste cannot resist reading. But the same cause which has driven our newspapers to reprint parliamentary reports and foreign office protocols entire, instead of presenting their readers with a manageable analysis-the necessity of filling up-obliges them to enter into all the revolting minutia of every act of butchery. For some weeks back, Hocker and Tawell have duly occupied their couple of columns or more in the morning prints. Some other culprits preceded them in this unenviable notoriety; and the anonymous miscreant in St. Giles' promises to succeed them. It is consolatory to reflect that gross crimes must be comparatively few in number, when so much is made of those that do occur; but this scarcely compensates for the nausea occasioned by being crammed day after day by wiredrawn narratives of revolting transactions, stuffed out with maudlin and mawkish commentary. Not the least mischievous consequence of this spinning-out system is its tendency to introduce a knowledge of the practices of low habitual depravity, where otherwise such knowledge never could have intruded. There is nothing contaminating in the contemplation of strong passion— the death-struggles of sudden passion or undying vindictiveness. But when-as in the cases of Hocker and the murderer of the unhappy woman in St. Giles'-minute details of the crime and criminal lay bare the habitual demoralization of the very outcasts of society, the mind is familiarized with images which can scarcely be entertained without affecting its purity. The female mind in Great Britain owes much to the care with which it is kept even from the knowledge of some classes of vice and vicious characters; and the male mind of Great Britain is kept comparatively pure by being constantly reminded of the necessity of respecting this ignorance. This is the characteristic of British domestic life to which the superior purity of the domestic morals of Britain is mainly owing. Its permanence will be seriously endangered, if the loathsome details of brute and squalid sensuality are to be smuggled into the family circle under the mask of a tale of murder.-Spectator. From Chambers' Journal. illuminated with blue, purple, and gold, after the BOOKSELLING AFTER THE INVENTION OF manner of ancient manuscripts, and they were sold as such at manuscript price-namely, sixty PRINTING. crowns. SOME time between the years 1430 and 1445, About the year 1463, Faust set out on a bookthere lived in Mayence a rich goldsmith, whose selling expedition through Italy, Germany, and name was John Fust or Faust, the first man who finally to Paris, with a stock in trade, consisting sold a printed book. His name has always been chiefly of bibles and psalters. In each place there associated with that of Guttenberg and Schoeffer is every reason to believe he not only busied himas one of the inventors of printing; but, as is self in selling his bibles and psalters, but organized reasonably to be inferred, erroneously; for in all agencies for the sale of his wares in his own the evidence with which the annals of typography absence. Having disposed of as many of his folios supply us, he appears as the capitalist by whose as he could to the Parisians at sixty crowns, hepecuniary advances Guttenberg was able to bring unwisely perhaps reduced their price, first to his art into practical operation. Having vainly forty, and then to twenty crowns. This naturally endeavored to produce good print in Strasburg, excited the apprehension and the ire of the libraires after expending a fortune, Guttenberg returned to and scribes, of whom Paris was at that period the his native town, Mayence, and opened his mind to head quarters, there being no fewer than six Faust. The goldsmith-manifestly a shrewd man thousand persons who subsisted by copying and of business-saw, from the progress his fellow-illuminating manuscripts. It was not in nature citizen had made in his new method of producing that this large and important body-who held their books, that the thing was likely to turn out a good privileges under the university-should sit tamely speculation, and warmly embarked in it. A by and see a man selling for twenty crowns what partnership was speedily entered into, and in they got from sixty to a hundred for. The rapidity 1445 a printing-press was set up in Mayence, for with which Faust produced his pseudo-manuscripts, taking impressions from the wooden blocks with so as to supply the constant demands which his which Guttenberg commenced his art. The gold-low charges produced on his stock, gave rise to a smith and his associate worked in secret, and for suspicion that he dealt with the Evil One. This some time without success; till Peter Schoeffer, an illuminator of manuscripts, and a confidential person in their employ, hit upon the expedient of making movable metal types by means of punches and matrices. Faust was so delighted with Schoeffer for his ingenuity, that he not only took him into partnership, but gave him his daughter in marriage. This happened in 1452. Much patience and capital were expended even after this advance in the art made by Peter Schoeffer. The first book they tried the new system on was the Latin Bible, and before twelve sheets of it had been printed, Guttenberg and Faust had expended upwards of 4000 florins. Still they persevered, and after three years of laborious exertion, the Bible was completed. A good number of this the first of all first editions-having been struck off ready for the market, the next thing was to devise means for disposing of them, and it was determined that Faust should travel with copies, calling them manuscripts. "It is certain," says Lambinet, "that Faust, Schoeffer, and their partners, sold or exchanged in Germany, Italy, France, and the most celebrated universities, the books which they had printed." This was a matter of very great difficulty and delicacy. The process by which the books were produced was a secret, which every person whom Guttenberg or Faust took into their employ was bound by oath not to divulge; to say that the bibles were pro duced otherwise than by the usual plan, would have partly divulged the secret, and it was for that reason that the whole of their work was ex ecuted in exact imitation of writing. The Bible was printed on parchment, the capital letters *This Bible-the first perfect printed book which ever was issued-was a folio, in two volumes, consisting of 637 leaves, printed in large Gothic or German characters. It has no date, and is known by bibliopolists as the "Mazarine Bible," a copy of it having been discovered, long after it was printed, in the library of Cardinal Mazarine, in the College des Quartre Nations. Several other copies have since turned up. It is executed with wonderful accuracy and neatness, considering it was the first specimen of the press. +"Recherches sur l'Origine de l'Imprimerie"-(Researches on the Origin of Printing.) suspicion was strengthened when the transcribers who were principally monks-set about comparing the various copies of Faust's bibles. They found a degree of resemblance in each of the books -even to the minutest dot-which they concluded could only have been produced by supernatural means. The enmity of the scribes against Faust as an underselling bookseller, now threatened to become a religious persecution. The fraud once discovered, however, Faust's case was taken up by the civil power, and he was obliged to fly from Paris, to escape the officers of justice. He returned to Mayence, but found no rest there; wherever he had sold his books, he had of course practised deception, and the agents of justice were equaily clamorous for him in his native town. He withdrew to Strasburg. In the mean while, Mayence was taken by Faust and Schoeffer's journeyinen were dispersed, storm by Adolphus of Nassau. By this event and deeming themselves absolved from their oath of secrecy, they carried the invention into various parts of Europe, many of them setting up presses of their own. Then, and not till then, Faust made a merit of necessity, and wrote and circulated a work in which he described the whole process by which his books were executed. That there should be no further doubt or ambiguity as to whether the productions of himself and partners were manuscripts or print, he placed at the end of his little book the following colophon or inscription:-"This present work, with all its embellishments, was done, not with the pen and ink, but by a newly invented art of casting letters, printing, &c., by me, John Faust, and my son-inlaw, Peter Schoeffer, in the famous city of Mentz upon the Rhine." In this, as in every other instance, honesty proved to be the best policy; for now that Faust had cleared up the mystery, he was no longer pursued as an impostor; and ultimately we find him in 1466 in Paris, making arrangements for establishing a permanent agency for the sale of the productions of his own and his son-in-law's press. This, as we shall presently see, he effected. In the midst of his labors, how ever, death overtook him. In that year the plague The distribution of Faust, Schoeffer, and Comraged in the French capital, and John Faust fell a pany's workmen at the siege of Mayence in 1462, victim to it, far away from his home and his friends. began by this time (1470) to operate throughSuch is a bare outline of the career of one of out Europe, by supplying printers to various conthe parents of printing, and the sole father of tinental cities. At this early time most printers modern bookselling. John Faust (otherwise John sold their own books; and if we state the differHand) was the very reverse of such a necroman- ent periods at which printing was introduced into cer and personal friend of the Evil One as tradition various countries, we shall show also when books and error have succeeded in picturing him. The of print began to be sold in each place. The first truth is, he is often confounded with Jean-Freder-introduction of this invention into Italy was at ic Faust, a charlatan and almanac-maker, who Subbiaco, in 1465; into Paris, in 1469; into lived about a century after the goldsmith's death, England, (Westminster,) in 1474; into Spain, and upon whose history Goethe, the German poet, (Barcelona,) in 1475; into Abyssinia, in 1521; constructed his celebrated play. Nothing could into Mexico in 1550; into the East Indies, (Goa,) be more opposite than the characters of the two in 1577; into Peru, (Lima,) in 1586; into North men: the one a plodding, yet withal liberal and America, (Cambridge, Boston and Philadelphia,) far-sighted tradesman; the other a quack, but one, in 1640. One of the most active of the German we may mention, not quite unconnected with the printers and booksellers, between 1473 and 1513, mysteries of the book-trade. To insure his alma- was Ant. Kober, at Nuremberg, who had 24 nacs a large sale, he advertised them as having presses and nearly 100 workmen in his employ, been annually dictated to him by Beelzebub. The and kept open shops at Frankfort, Leipsic, Amconfounding of the two men took its rise most sterdam, and Venice, all conducted with the greatlikely from the cunning of the monks, after the est regularity and order. He had on sale not only Reformation; of which, there is no question, the works of his own publication, but also works diffusion of the Bible, by means of the press, was of other publishers. At Ulm and Basle there the primary cause. They therefore owed John were likewise several booksellers carrying on an Faust no good-will for the part he unwittingly extensive trade. The many pilgrimages (Walltook in destroying their system, and tried to de- fahrten) to holy places in the interior of Gerfame his memory by mixing up his life with that many-which were then as much frequented as of a mountebank. the sacred shrines in India, and are so still in some Roman Catholic countries-offered them good opportunities for disposing of their books, particularly of those having a religious tendency, which were printed on cheap linen paper, instead of the expensive parchment formerly in use. The venerable goldsmith, printer and bookseller, did not depart this life till he had placed the Paris agency on a secure footing. The name of the agent he employed was Herman de Statten, and the agency was carried on at the house of one John Guymier, as we learn from a curious document found in a copy of Faust and Schoeffer's edition of the Latin Bible. It is a deed of sale of the book to Tourneville, Bishop of Angiers, and runs thus ;-"I, Herman, a German, workman of the honest and discreet John Guymier, sworn bookseller of the university of Paris, acknowledge to have sold to the illustrious and learned master William, of Tourneville, archbishop and canon of Angiers, my most respectable lord and master, a Bible printed at Mentz (Mayence) upon vellum, in two volumes, for the price and sum of forty crowns, which I have absolutely received, which also I ratify by these presents, promising to abide by the same, and guaranteeing my lord, purchaser of the said Bible, against any one who would dispossess him. In ratification of which I have hereunto affixed my seal, this fifth day of the month of April, in the year of our Lord M.CCCCLXX. Herman."* By this we perceive that since they first came into Paris, the printed bibles were elevated in price. Wherever we turn, we shall find that, once introduced into a country, the press was kept in extraordinary activity, and books were spread in all directions. There were in England, from the time of Caxton to 1600, no fewer than three hundred and fifty printers. Ames and Herbert have recorded the titles of ten thousand different works printed here in the same interval; the yearly average number of distinct works issued and sold in the hundred and thirty years was seventy-five. The number of copies of each was, however, in all probability small, for the early booksellers were cautious. Even Grafton only printed 500 copies of his complete edition of the Scriptures (that of 1504;) and yet so great was the demand for the English Bible, that there are still extant copies of 326 editions of it which were printed between 1526 and 1600. In Italy the works of the old classic Roman authors were rapidly printed, when means for doing so were introduced. In Switzerland, especially at Geneva and Basle, a great number of books, It happened, unfortunately, that Herman of chiefly of a religious character, were printed and Statten failed to obtain any legal instrument of sold immediately after presses were set up. Innaturalization in France; and when he died- deed, the trading talent of the Swiss manifested which he did a few years after his master, Faust-itself in the beginning of the sixteenth century his effects were confiscated as the property of a very prominently in relation to books, for they foreigner. The books intrusted to him by Schoffer, supplied booksellers even to Germany-to which and amounting in value to 1100 francs, were inclu- we must now return. ded in the confiscation. Schoeffer, however, ob- In the dawn of literary commerce, wholesale tained restitution through the liberality of Louis trade, in whatever article, was chiefly conducted at XI. It is a striking illustration of the value and fairs, which took place once, twice, or thrice scarcity of money at that period, that the King of a-year. To these great meetings manufacturers France found it inconvenient to pay the sum and agriculturists brought such produce as was equal only to £45, 6s. 8d.-at once; but did so in two yearly instalments! of a perishable character, and which was purchased by retailers, who either came from different parts of the country, or employed local agents * Dr. Dibdin's Bibliotheca Spenceria, vol. i., page 16, note. to purchase on their account. Amongst other manufacturers, the printers brought their goods, number of new works brought to Leipsic was 362, which were bought by retailers, and distributed of which 246, or 68 per cent., were in the Latin by them throughout the country. At first the language. The literary tastes of that time may greatest quantity of booksellers' stalls was assem- be guessed from the fact, that of the whole numbled at the Frankfort fairs, where multitudes of ber of these literary novelties, 200 were on thestrangers and merchants met. Ant. Kober of ological subjects, 48 on law and jurisprudence, Nuremberg, Ch. Plantin of Antwerp, and Ste- and 45 on philosophy and philology. phanus (Etienne) of Paris, are recorded as book- The trade in books carried on in Leipsic insellers visiting the Frankfort fair as early as the creased so rapidly, that it banished traffic in other year 1473. From this period Frankfort gradually articles from the fair. No fewer than fourteen became the great book-mart. In 1526 Christopher printers and booksellers had, by 1616, taken up Froschauer, from Basle, wrote to his principal, their residence in the city. The names of these Ulrich Zwingli, informing him of the rapid and individuals have become dear to the modern bibprofitable sale of his books at Frankfort, to per- liomaniac, from the rarity of the works, bearing sons who had sent for them from all parts. In their respective imprints. These "publishers 1549 Operin of Basle, publisher of the classics, (for by this period the wholesale bookseller was visited Frankfort, and made a profitable specula- distinguished from the retailer by that exprestion. At this period appeared Luther, the great sion) brought to the Easter fair of 1616 no less champion of the Protestant world, protesting than 153 new works, the productions of their own loudly and openly, both in speech and in writing, presses. Of other publishers in various parts of against the many abuses that had crept into the Germany, eight resided at Frankfort-on-the-Maine, church of Rome; and the great cause of the Re- seven belonged to Nuremberg, four to Jena, three formation, while it derived great assistance from to Ulm, and the same number to Hamburg; Witthe printing-press, repaid this benefit by contribut-tenberg, Strasburg, Gotha, Colonge, Breslau, ing largely to its development and extension. had each two, and Lübeck, Goslar, Heidelberg, Saxony, with its enlightened universities, (Witten- Rostock, and Luneburg, one. berg and Leipsic,) now became the seat and The Easter fair held at Leipsic was now excentral point of free theological discussion and in-clusively devoted to books. The booksellers had vestigation, and the booksellers soon found it already organized a system, by which they were worth their while to visit also the Leipsic fair. enabled to print a catalogue of every new work Besides, the literary intercourse in that country that was to be sold at the fair, so that purchasers was free and unfettered, whilst at Frankfort it had had no difficulty in making their selection; and to contend, in later years, with several difficulties, Leipsic Easter fair became the great book-mart arising from the peculiar situation of a smaller for the whole continent. state, and the restrictions and vexations of an im- Having brought our notices of "the trade" in perial Board of Control (Kaiserliche Bücher Com-Germany down to the great era in its existence, mission) established by the German emperor, the establishment of the Leipsic book-fair, and in through the influence of the Catholic clergy. England to the unhappy time when our country Archbishop Berthold, of Mayence, had previously was torn by civil war, and the book, with all other (in 1486) established a similar censorship in his trades was in a struggling and depressed condition, dominions. The chief object of that board was we shall, in succeeding articles, offer some interestto watch and visit the book-shops-which, in ing facts concerning the modern system of bookFrankfort, were all situated in one street, still selling, as practised in various countries where called the Buchgasse-seizing forbidden books, any very considerable literary commerce is carried claiming the seven privilege copies ordered by on. law to be presented to the universities, and, in fact, exercising the power of a most troublesome police. Against this the booksellers often remon strated, but without success.* At length the principal part of the book-trade withdrew to Leipsic, where general fairs were held thrice every year, and where, next to Frankfort, the greatest number of books was sold. EDMUND BURKE AND CHARLES TOWNSHEnd. like Ready as Burke's wit was, it appeared artificial when set by that of Charles Townshend, which was so abundant, that in him it seemed a loss of time to think. He had but to speak, and all he The earliest accurate information obtained re- Burke replied extempore, his very answers, that said was new, natural and yet uncommon. If specting the sale of books at Leipsic fair refers to 1545, when we find the printers Steiger and Bos- sprang from what had been said by others, were kopf, both of Nuremberg, repairing thither with so painted and artfully arranged, that they wore their wares." A few years later, the fame of the appearance of study and preparation this market as a place of sale for books spread soul of the original author. Townshend's speeches, beautiful translations, they seemed to want the over the rest of the continent, and in 1556 it was like the satires of Pope, had a thousand times visited by the Paris bookseller Clement, and in 1560 by Pietro Valgrisi from Venice. From the accidental mention of these visits and names in the annals of the Leipsic fair, we may infer that booksellers from other parts of the world also frequented it habitually, although no record of their presence has been made. The different languages which they spoke had little effect upon the sale of their books, the greater part of which, wherever printed, was in Latin. In 1589, the *Quarterly Journal of the Statistical Society, vol. ii., page 164. more sense and meaning than the majestic blank verse of Pitt; and yet, the latter, like Milton, and fascinated his audience with that respect which stalked with a conscious dignity of preeminence, always attends the pompous but often hollow idea of the sublime.-Walpole's George III. Boerner, Elias Rehfeld, Joh: Eyering, Christ: Ellinger, many. |