son of consolation? or Phinehas, son of javelin ? Paul, the missionary, or Jehu, the destroyer? John, the apostle of love, or David, the man of war? Fox, the friend, or Gideon, the foe? Howard, the philanHoward, the philanthropist, or Samson, the avenger? Jesus, the peacemaker, or Joshua, the warrior? For every one Christian who quotes the spirit of Jesus as an authority for war, a hundred Christians quote the spirit of Joshua. And no wonder; for Joshua's method is the policy of extermination; Jesus's method is the policy of assimilation. It is not strange, then, that men of this worlddisciples of Moses, scribes and Pharisees-should uphold war; for war was the Old Testament method of settling disputes; according to the rabbinic champions of antique Mosaism, war was "righteousness." But it is passing strange that followers of Jesus should uphold war; for he-the lawgiver of the New Testament-the Christian morality-expressly an nounces : Except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter the kingdom of heaven [my Messianic reign].-Matt. v., 20. Above all, Christian ministers-exponents of the new gospel of peace-should not march backward with scribes and Pharisees, retreating toward Moses. Christian ministers-champions of the new morality -should march forward as the leaders of civilization, beckoning mankind. onward and upward under the banner of the Dove, the ensign of the Lamb. I am an optimist, and therefore believe that Jesus will supplant Moses. Accordingly, I believe that the day is fast approaching when upholders of war as a method of love will be relegated to the museum of Mosaic fossils. Meanwhile, it must be confessed that the Sun of Righteousness is undergoing eclipse. Thank God, the occultation is not perpetual. "It shall come to pass that at evening-time there shall be light." Then"The light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, And the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, As the light of seven days, In the day that Jehovah binds up the hurt of his people, Philadelphia. GEORGE DANA BOARDMAN. PRINCIPLES AND TESTIMONIES OF EIGHTH MONTH 7, 1898.-No. 32. GOLDEN TEXT.-The Lord is the Spirit; and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.-II. Cor. 3: 17. By religious liberty we understand the liberty to believe whatever after honest search, appears to us to be the truth; and to do whatever the inner light clearly shows us to be right. Among the many blessings resulting from the doctrines of Christ when faithfully maintained is religious liberty. The true Christian will neither invade the liberty of others, nor yield his own principles to ecclesiastical domination. Accordingly we find in the Apostolic age no instance where freedom of conscience was invaded by Christians. They did not attempt to force their doctrines upon others, but left each man free to follow his own convictions of duty.-S. M. Janney. The birthright thus inherited should be held as a sacred trust and no act of ours lessen its value. Let us so prize it that when passed from our hands to those that shall succeed us, its lustre shall be undimmed. Wm. Penn being one day in company with George Fox, he asked his advice concerning the wearing of his sword, saying that he might perhaps appear singular among Friends, but it had once been the means of saving his life without injuring his antagonist. George Fox answered, "I advise thee to wear it as long as thou canst. Not long after this they met again, and George said to William, Where is thy sword?" "Oh !"' said he, I have taken thy advice; I wore it as long as I could." This anecdote shows that the primitive Friends believed in men being led by the principle of divine truth in their own minds rather than to follow the opinions of others.-Janney's Life of Penn. " Charles the Fourth, after his abdication, amused himself in his retirement at St. Juste, by attempting to make a number of watches go exactly together. Being constantly foiled in this attempt, he exclaimed, “What a fool have I been to neglect my own concerns, and to waste my whole life in a vain attempt to make all men think alike on matters of religion, when I cannot even make a few watches keep time together."--Colton. The Society of Friends stands preeminently for religious liberty, but only by continually taking thought on this subject can we preserve it inviolate. There is in the human heart so strong a tendency to think that one's own belief must be right, and all others wrong, coupled with the determination to have one's own way, that under various plausible reasoning it is easy to persuade one's self that it is a just and praiseworthy thing to compel others to yield at least outward compliance. Even those who are naturally sweet-tempered and kind-hearted may become the most zealous of persecutors without suspecting they could be guilty of so doing. In the early days of our organization perhaps the need was greatest for teaching that our object was the maintaning of integrity in spite of persecutions from without. This naturally developed and encouraged the tendency, which, when carried to extremes, produces the opposite foe to religious liberty-self-righteousness and a willingness to take the judgment seat over others. History shows this to be true of all organizations, and it is only by watchfulness and prayer that we can preserve the integrity of our own faith and do no violence to the belief of another, without growing thoughtless and careless, falling into a lukewarm state, which is called spiritual death. There are three things which history teaches which it will be well to accept as fundamental principles. The first is: Belief is a matter of convincement and not of choice. We cannot believe as we choose. We may endeavor to uphold a generally accepted view with false sophistry, but we do so knowingly. We are not ourselves deceived. Such a condition implies a character too weak to resist public opinion and censure; or, too selfish to make the necessary self-denial which adherence to our true belief may involve. The second truth, which has been learned through much suffering, is that our appeal must not be made through the law with its compulsory argument, but to the conseience in its liberty, if we would make any permanent gain. It is here that many mistakes have been made and the progress of Christianity hindered. The third truth which we need to keep constantly in mind, is belief is a matter of growth and development, and does and should ripen under experience, both individually and collectively. While in this world we can only see "through a glass dimly," but this, like all our other powers, grows strong by use and declines from stagnation. What is the "spirit of the Lord?" Is it not love, mercy, gentleness in judgment, sympathy, justice, and all those attributes the exercise of which bring blessings to ourselves and those about us? Theoretically, this spirit exists in our meetings and there is liberty in them. Not merely liberty to sit down in silence, or to rise and speak; but to feel that here is a band of men and women, bound by their alleged belief, to extend to each other that courtesy and kindness and sympathy which come naturaly from a true and sincere heart. In order that this shall be the character of the meeting it must be the character of those who compose the meeting. How many times is this precious liberty utterly destroyed by the spirit of censure, of criticism, of fault-finding, of unjust accusation, etc., which a sensitive soul is not slow to feel, and before which the quickened spirit stands appalled? 2 It needs only the pressure of one or two such spirits, if they be strong, to establish the character of the whole meeting, and thus make this vital testimony of the Society of little or no effect, so far as that particular meeting is concerned. All must have learned this either from experience or observation, and it remains then for us to watch this danger point," and to direct our individual effort to preserve so far as in us lies, our own home meeting, pure and true. No one is so young or so feeble that they have no responsibility resting upon them in this matter, and the place to work is in the monthly meeting to which one belongs. The weaker it is as to members or quality, the greater the need for service to make it a power for good. No meeting is fulfilling its entire mission which does not make its impress felt in the community, and the responsibility for the neglect rests upon the individuals composing it. THE STANDARD OF THE TEACHER. From the Annual Report f President James H. Canfield, Ohio State University. IN filling all vacancies, as well as in appointing to new chairs, there is one principle that should always control. There is no longer very much question as to the training, the general and special preparation, of those who are under consideration for positions in a university of the reputation and standing of our own. No one who is not, well up in his work will dare present his name, unless under grave misapprehension as to the position which he is seeking, and if one should so dare, it is comparatively easy to detect his unfitness, by inquiry of others or by conference with the applicant himself. But it is not so easy to secure instructors who have that last and most desirable touch of educational genius-those who not only know, but can impart, who are not only themselves earnest and devoted, but can inspire these qualities in others, who can express clearly the most abstruse propositions without at all departing from the most exact form of statement, who are easily masters, not only of their specialties but of men. University authorities are not. only too apt to forget that the man is after all more desirable than the specialist, if choice must be made between the two; that a great heart is just as essential to true success in a university chair as is great learning. Youth, strength and happiness are the prevailing characteristics of the student body; and he who cannot meet these with youth and strength and happiness overflowing in his own nature is out of place as a teacher of youth. This does not mean that he is to be frivolous, or without true dignity; or that he must necessarily be an athlete; or that he may not show that he has known the shadow of a great sorrow. But he must be within touch of his students if he is to influence them and guide them and incite them, and he cannot get within touch if he has lost the capacity for enjoyment and the genuine warmth of sentiment which go with youth; or if he is worn with physical weakness, and perpetually conscious of his own physical existence for other reasons than that of pure joy of living; or if he is by nature petulant and peevish, or blinded by self-conceit, or jaundiced into morbid jealousy and suspicion, or nicotined into nervous pessimism. No university can afford to keep upon its instructional force one who is a chronic grumbler, whose influence is repellent rather than impellent, who has little or no sympathy with young humanity; who cannot be blind to a great many things that he sees, and patient with a great many things that are exceedingly annoying, and interested in a great many things that after all are of small moment to himself. An instructor who cannot stand outside of himself and his department, on occasion and on many occasions, is a source of weakness to the institution, and is powerless where he ought to be powerful. THE greatest slave is not he who is ruled by a despot, great though that evil be, but he who is the thrall of his own moral ignorance, selfishness, and vice.-Smiles. Friends' Intelligencer and Journal. EDITORS: Howard M. JENKINS. LYDIA H. HALL. RACHEL W. HILLBORN. PHILADELPHIA, SEVENTH MONTH 30, 1898. CHARACTER AND SOCIETY. THE problems of our day, said President Seth Low, of Columbia University, in his recent excellent address at Harvard, are "of the utmost difficulty," and we have, he said, "no new means of coping with them other than the patient education of the masses of men." The " new" part of this formula must be the extension of educative processes to the people at large; this, it is true, is a work of the Nineteenth Century, and one of its greatest and noblest achievements. Education itself, if by the term we mean the upbuilding of character, as well as the increase of knowledge and the development of skill, is not new, and it is not in our day that its service to mankind has been discovered. Upon the character side of the educative process society was never more dependent than now, and it is hard to believe that this part of the work has been so well or so fully done as it should be. At no time has it been more true that the welfare of our civil system, as well as family life, rests upon the moral force of the individuals who lead and direct. The patient culture, whether it be education strictly socalled, or otherwise, among "the masses of men," of the qualities which make up a genuine and a steadfast character of virtue and honor, is a means, not new, and never possible to grow old, by which the social problems of this day, and of all days to come, must be met and solved. It is hardly likely that any reader of these lines will take issue with this statement. But if we agree upon the abstract proposition, it is important also that there be an agreement in an endeavor to give it reality and force. As it was said in an earlier day by One who taught as with authority, it is not those who repeat a formula of good words, but those who do the will of the Higher Power. A profound need of the time, in all the outward relations of life, is men and women of fixed and firm moral quality, men and women convinced in their own minds, and patient and steadfast in upholding their convictions. With the number of these largely increased a reformation of society in many particulars would be quickly effected. It requires only the willing consent of all parties concerned in order to establish what is good, and such willing consent is the outcome of individual rectitude. In our public affairs we do sadly less than we know. The condition of society in its organized form is far below the mark which we hold up. Plainly this must be because there is not enough fixed and forcible integrity shown by the individuals who compose parties, and demanded of leaders and “organizers who direct them. DR. George Dana Boardman, of this city, in a communication addressed to The Outlook, which we print elsewhere, very happily defines our present national situation as a case of "atavism," a peculiar and exceptional reversion to far-back conditions. He is quite right in his designation. War is a survival, a thing out-of-date, archaic, a fossil remaining from the ruder ages. Its incongruity with the conditions. and methods of peace, which had grown up—in this country, at least-is disclosed daily. "I believe," says Dr. Boardman, "that the day is fast approaching when upholders of war as a method of love will be relegated to the museum of Mosaic fossils." And we are glad to join in this belief. . BIRTHS. STORM.-At Bayside, Long Island, N. Y., Seventh month 17, 1898, to Frederic A. and Florence Jackson Storm, a daughter, who is named Anita Storm. DEATHS. PACKER.—After a lingering illness, Sixth month 28, 1898, Elisha Packer, in his 77th year; a member of Short Creek Monthly Meeting, Ohio. QUINBY.-At his late residence, Lumberville, Bucks county, Pa., Seventh month 22, 1898, Isaiah Quinby, in his 84th year; a member of Solebury Monthly Meeting. RICHARDS.—On Fifth-day, Seventh month 21, 1898, Samuel R. Richards, Jr., brother of the late Mordecai Dawson Richards, in his 66th year; a member of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia. RICHARDSON.—On the morning of Seventh month 17, 1898, Elizabeth R., widow of Robert W. Richardson, formerly of Wilmington, Del., and daughter of the late Samuel and Mary Hulme, of Bucks county, aged 81 years; an elder of the Meeting of Friends held on Olive St., Philadelphia. TOMLINSON.-In Philadelphia, Seventh month 22, 1898, Joseph Tomlinson, aged 73 years, an interested attender of Race St. Meeting, of which his wife is a member. O, THINK not future years can give -Ernest W. Shurtleff. · THERE are souls in the world who have the gift of finding joy everywhere, and leaving it behind them when they go. Their influence is an inevitable gladdening of the heart. They give light without meaning to shine. Their bright hearts have a great work to do for God.—Faber. NEWS OF FRIENDS. THE Easton and Saratoga Quarterly Meeting is discontinued, and the Easton and Granville Half-Yearly Meeting is established in its place, to be held at Granville on the Fourth-day after the second Firstday in Fifth month, and at Easton on the Fourth-day before the last First-day in Tenth month, both at II o'clock; the meeting of ministers and elders to be held the day preceding the half-yearly meeting, at Granville, in Fifth month, and at North Easton in Tenth month, both at 3 o'clock. So there will be no quarterly meeting at Granville, this year, in Eighth month, as heretofore. HENRY DILLINGHAM, Clerk. Granville, N. Y., Seventh month 25. At a meeting held at Sites' Hall, Ocean City, N. J., on the 24th inst., at o, p. m., there were at least fifty persons present, many of whom, members of the Society of Friends, are sojourning for the time at the seaside. A solemn silence was observed,-which, Rachel N. Mather, who spoke after, said is essential to prepare the mind for true worship, and to learn whether that which is given us is for ourselves alone, or whether a little word of ours may be as a seed dropped in ground prepared for it. As God spoke to Adam and Adam spoke to God, our experience teaches us that just so he speaks to every listening soul. We should not only have a high standard, but we should endeavor to reach it; even as scholars in our schools get a "good mark," so we who are learners in the School of Christ should put forth all our energies to the uplifting not only of ourselves, but all of those with whom we come in contact, and bear in mind that Faith worketh Patience, and Patience worketh Experience, Experience Hope, and Hope worketh Charity. A Friend spoke of the impression on her mind, while walking alone on the seashore, of the account we have of the Master as he walked on the shores of Galilee with his disciples, and how he talked to them of things which have come down to us, and which will never be forgotten. Hannah A. Linton spoke in words of encouragement to all present, "Come unto me, all ye who are weary and heavy laden, and I will give you rest for your souls." She exhorted all to do the best that we can, and leave the rest to God. We are not to worry about the things of to-morrow, but "to work while it is day, for the night cometh when no man can work." After another period of silence, Rachel N. Mather appeared in supplication, which brought us close together and very near the Heavenly Father. C. Our First-day school has vacated for the summer months, but the Bible class continues to meet at the close of the morning meeting. It usually consists of the older members; now, a number of the young people from the First-day school classes meet with us. In addition to the Bible we read from the "Lesson Leaves," and are much interested in Quarterly No. 3, "Principles and Testimonies of Friends." The One explanation of Conscience and Inner Light has been very clearly set forth. To-day's lesson, upon “Worship," claimed our attention and consideration. of our Friends suggested that the third paragraph from the last one would be more correct if the word only were added after our meetings, so as to read: "We should not go to our meetings only from a sense of duty to keep them up; but with a desire to gather and mingle with kindred spirits, that our hearts may be warmed and our spirit-lives quickened by contact with others seeking strength from the same source." The support and attendance of our meeting has always seemed to me to be a religious duty, having been educated in that belief, therefore I felt best satisfied to call Friends' attention through the columns of the INTELLIGENCER to the omission, believing that it was not left out intentionally. W. M. M. Trenton, N. J., Seventh month 24. John J. Cornell is expecting to go westward from Pelham Half-Year Meeting (at Sparta, Ontario, on the the 13th and 14th proximo), to attend the Conference at Richmond, and to stop in Detroit, and hold a meeting there on the 18th or 19th. At Sparta, as heretofore noted, the monthly meeting will be held on the 12th, and Young Friends' Association on the evening of that day. John J. Cornell expects to give an address on Temperance on the evening of the 15th. Friends in Cleveland, who would cross to Port Stanley, to attend the Half-Year Meeting, would be met at Port Stanley by addressing Edgar Haight, at Sparta. Special Correspondence of Friends' Intelligencer. THE tidings, on our arrival in London, of the terrible fate of the Bourgogne, and the head-lines in yesterday's papers, of "Accident to a Cunarder," and Fire in an American Liner," deepened, if possible, our sense of thankfulness that we had come safely through "the perils on the sea!" The Minnewaska, The "Fourth that sailed from New York Sixth month 25, had one of the happy voyages, whose history is soon told. We had not one day of rain, and comparatively little fog; mild temperature that kept us on deck past night fall, with few wraps, the daily glimpse of birds and occasional entertainment of watching the dolphins, and finally the charm of unclouded moonlight. "Fourth" was celebrated by hoisting the American flag, and the evening was given to the usual "entertainment" that is a feature of every voyage, in behalf of the orphan children of seamen. When this was happily accomplished we were invited to the shadowed side of the deck for some "fireworks," to make us realize that it was the "Fourth." Only the invitation of the captain himself could reconcile some of our company to, the incongruity of fire-works on a steamer that was carrying cattle and their necessary accompaniment-hay. But no harm came of the sparks that did have a very threatening look. Voyagers who cross the ocean-because there is no way to go around it-feel their spirits rise with the appearance of the beautiful gray gulls that show the voyage to be nearly ended. After ten days of sailing on and on, always the center of this vast circle of waters; after ten days of the loneliness and awfulness of the sea, it is unspeakable joy to sight the first faint line of land, and then the lighthouse, that warn away from the low-lying rocks, and to arrive at the chalk-cliffs in amethystine light, and then to anchor in the broad mouth of the Thames, quite content to wait for the favoring tide to carry us over the bar! This joy reaches its supreme moment when the great ship is made fast in the docks, and there on the wharf are waiting the dear friends who have preceded us! Return to London after only a year's interval, to the very homelike Thackeray Hotel, just across the street from the imposing British Museum, makes it easy to settle into the old ways; and after an hour or two of rest, to set out for St. Paul's, to be thrilled again by its vast proportions; to visit the "Artists' Corner in the crypt where Benjamin West lies buried; then to mount past the "Whispering Gallery," to the well-guarded walk about the Dome, for as clear a view as London smoke often permits, of the winding Thames, and of the broad towers and tall spires that here and there help one to locate the Houses of Parliament, and Westminster Abbey, and Mary-le-Bow—" Bow-bells "—and many other landmarks of London. Parliament is still in session. The space allotted to visitors in the House of Parliament is. so small that it is not easy for women to get access to the cages set apart for them. Through the kindness of The finest Mr. Wilson, of the House of Commons, I was favored with a glimpse of the Commoners in session; but the House of Lords, then occupied with a bill concerning marriage with "the deceased wife's sister,' had already its full measure of guests. spectacle in connection with this visit was the “afternoon tea" on the Terrace, the broad pavement between the long gray building and the Thames, where at small tables the Members and their friends may be refreshed with the characteristic cup of tea and delicate bread and butter, and at this season the luscious strawberries of England. Many ladies were in very gay attire, whose vivid colors brightened the sombre walls in the background. Beyond the granite railing that guards the Terrace, the river glistened in the afternoon sunshine, and the little steamers passing up and down added to the gaiety of the scene. The morning is given up to committee work, some of it dealing with such minute details of local government as this: Shall the fishmongers in a little Devonshire town be allowed to disturb with the calling of their fish, in the morning, the invalids who resort to the town! The Houses convene about four in the afternoon, and the House of Commons is in session frequently till midnight. It is this midnight legislation that has to be carefully watched by those who have some special concern, because bills are more easily crowded through at the fag end of the legislative day. Yesterday was a happy day for the party of six that went out of London in the morning for a visit to the Burnham Beeches, and then a drive for some, to Stoke Poges, and for the rest to the ancient Meetinghouse and quiet burial ground at Jordans. The hedges were white and pink with the dog-roses and the exquisite wild roses; the "Travelers' Joy" was budded; the gay poppies gleamed in the wheat fields ; and presently the lark's song far over our heads reminded us afresh that we were driving in beautiful England. The "Burnham Beeches" cover a large tract that has been bought by London as a pleasure ground for the people. Many of these famous trees are very groteque in form; some of them look like groups of trees to the number of fourteen in one case, grown together. Many of the enormous trunks are quite hollow; one so wide open on the side that our whole company of six stood together within. One of our athletic maidens let herself down into one hollow trunk; and it is hoped that a certain Kodak has caught her face framed at a convenient opening. While many are grotesque, many others are very symmetrical, and with magnificent tops. A pleasant feature of this visit was the pretty flower-bordered garden with velvet turf, in which Mr. James, our most genial host, served our lunch and dinner under a canopy of medlar trees. The Jordans visit may make a separate chronicle. This day will be remembered for a sermon by Canon Wilberforce on the evils of shallowness. His text was the words of Jesus to his disciples: "Launch out again into deep water." In illustrating his theme he said, "In America, Lloyd Garrison called upon the slave-holders to show their bill-of-sale from Almighty God!" He said also at another point in his searching |