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AND JOURNAL.

PHILADELPHIA, 921 ARCH STREET, SECOND MONTH 19, 1898.

Published WEEKLY BY

Friends' Intelligencer Association,

(LIMITED.)

SINGLE SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 PER ANNUM.

To subscribers residing west of the Mississippi River

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a discount of one-fourth from this rate, making the price A YOUNG WOMAN, FRIEND, WISHES POSI

$1.50 per annum.

To those who get up and forward "Clubs give one extra copy, free, for each ten subscribers. Single copies, 5 cents.

we will

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tion as companion. Willing to travel. Address No. 18, this Office.

BOARDING.-A WIDOW WITH ONE child can board a married couple, or two gentlemen. 2240 Camac Street, Philadelphia.

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Publisher's Department.

* The advertisements of the National Lead Conipany are again inserted in the INTELLIGENCER, this season. The agents in charge of the business, George Batten & Co., New York, write us that they have inserted these advertisements in a list of religious newspapers since 1892, making now seven years consecutively. That the result is satisfactory is evidenced by this continuation of the order.

*** Peter Henderson & Co., 35 and 37 Cortlandt St., New York city, send us their manual, “Everything for the Garden," for 1898. They aim to supply all wants of the cultivator, both for the greenhouse and garden, and in this catalogue will be found offered, not only " everything for the garden," but things needful for the farm as well. The catalogue may be had, free, by addressing the firm as above, sending, however, ten cents (in stamps) to cover postage and mailing This firm no longer sup

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WANTED. A YOUNG WOMAN TO SOLICIT ply their seeds to local dealers, and to obtain them you

custom for a pure home-made article of food. Salary and commission. Address No. 17, this Office.

PARTIES DESIRING TO VISIT WASHINGTON can be accommodated with rooms and board in a Friends' family. One block from street cars passing railroad stations, Capitol, and public buildings. Terms, $1.50 a day.

Address FRIEND, 1626 Nineteenth Street, N. W Washington, D. C.

JOHN FABER MILLER,

325 SWEDE STREET, NORRISTOWN, PENNA.

ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.

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PEACE CONFERENCE.

The UNIVERSAL PEACE UNION will hold a

meeting in their Rooms, State House Row, 5th and Chestnut Streets, on Third-day, the 22d of this month, at 7.30 p.m.

The President will present extracts from Washington's Farewell Address, and from his Will, illustrating his regard for Disarmament, Arbitration, and Peace.

Addresses will be delivered by Judge Ashmuu, Rabbi J. Leonard Levi, Councilman George G. Mercer, and others.

John W. Hutchinson, the last of the Hutchinson Family, has promised positively to be present. Cordial invitation extended.

CHARLES BURTON,

Practical House and Sign Painter, Office, 907 N. Thirteenth Street,et,} Philadelphia, Pa.

Residence, 1714 Woodstock Street, J

must order direct.

We will still supply the Combination Offer, of the IntelligenceR, the Century Magazine, and the “Century Gallery of One Hundred Portraits," but it is proposed by the Century Company to close the arrangement with the coming month. We therefore give notice to that effect-that we will not receive orders for the Combination later than Third month 31.

We think it worth while to suggest that any who have paid for the Intelligencer, and who now think they would like to have the Century, and the Portraits, can send us $5.50, and receive the latter two, in addition to the paper which they are receiving.

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City and State represents no party, faction, or

clique, and is the organ of no society, league, or committee. It always endeavors, however, to keep itself in kindly touch and in the broadest sympathy with every project and movement of honest men and women looking to the well-being of society. It aims to give the exact truth on all matters relating to the welfare of the city and State, free from bias or improper influence of any kind. Its motto is "Commonwealth above Party."

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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF LOUISA J. ROBERTS. TABLE LINENS

With Extracts from her Journal, and
Selections from her Writings.

12mo., cloth, 286 pages, with two portraits. Price, $1.00, postage paid.

For Sale by

FRIENDS' BOOK ASSOCIATION,

S. W. Corner 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia.

JUST PUBLISHED.

NEW BOOKLETS.

Among the Rushes.
What is the World.

Not Changed but Glorified.

Above are uniform with

Peter Noddy.
Tommy's Friend.

The Seed and the Prayer.
What the Sparrow Chirps.
Light After Darkness.

My Times Are in Thy Hands.
Thou Art My God.

Making ten in the set. Price, 5 cents each; full set 45 cents.

FRIENDS' BOOK ASSOCIATION. S. W. Cor. 15th and Race Sts., Philad'a.

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Skilled designers have been unusually successful in the production of handsome patterns in all kinds of Table Linens for the season, and our complete assortments are made even more attractive by the extremely low prices.

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Extra heavy Cream Damask Table Linen, 62 inches wide, at 50 cents per yard. Full Bleached Heavy Damask Table Linen, 72 inches wide, in choice patterns, at $1.00 per yard. Heavy Bleached Table Cloths, border all round, four choice patterns, 67 by 86 inches, at $1.90 each.

Fine Damask Napkins, in sixteen exclusive designs, 20 by 20 inches, at $2.00 per dozen.

Fine Dinner Napkins, in the newest designs, 24 by 24 inches, at $3.00 per dozen.

Orders by mail are given prompt attention. Address orders to “Department C.”

Strawbridge & Clothier

PHILADELPHIA

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Wm. Heacock's Son, John C. Hancock & Co.,

N. W. Cor. 9th and Master Sts.

(P. & R. R. R.

DEALERS IN BEST GRADES OF

LEHIGH AND COAL FREE BURNING

Telephone Connection.

AQUILA J. LINVILL,

Dealer in Choice Lehigh Coal,

Removed to 1827 N. 10th St., Philad'a.

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Established 1844.

The Journal, 1873.}

PHILADELPHIA, SECOND MONTH 19, 1898.

A GOOD WORD EACH WEEK.

VIII.

DOCTRINE, at best, is an institution of man, and therefore limited in its application and tends to fetter the soul. Not so with righteousness; it is a divine revelation open to the inner life of the true Christian traveler.

Sunderland P. GARDNER.

From a sermon delivered at Yarmouth, Ontario, in 1887.

THE PRESENCE.

THE mountain statelier lifts his blue-veiled head,
While, drawing near, we must meet him face to face,
Here, as on holy ground, we softly tread ;

Yet with a tender and paternal grace,
He gives the wild flowers in his lap a place:
They climb his sides, as fondled infants might,
And wind around him, in a light embrace,
Their summer drapery, pink and clinging white.

Great hearts have largest room to bless the small,
Strong natures give the weaker, home and rest;
So Christ took little children to his breast,

And, with reverence more profound, we fall
In the majestic presence that can give

Truth's simplest message : "'Tis by love we live." -Lucy Larcom.

For Friends' Intelligencer.
JOHN RUSKIN.

BY JOHN WILLIAM GRAHAM.

IV. THE SOCIAL REFORMER.

OUR last article concluded with an extract on Religion which closed by referring us to Lazarus on the doorstep, so that we are landed, before we know it, over the gulf between religious and social questions; if indeed it be more than the gulf between thought and act. Is there no justification for a prophetic attack on our life now in England and in America? I do not speak of the eddies in the great stream of our social life, for I believe there is nothing too ghastly in physical misery, nothing too degraded in desperate wickedness, for it to occur in our diseased places ; but let us consider society in its normal state, and, by way of concentration, let us fix our eyes on a single point, a phenomenon familiar to all of us, viz., the lives of our own sisters. the factory women of our manufacturing districts. Our own sisters!" Yes, our sisters I mean in that human family which we are so fond of talking about. Well, now, these girls in our factories are not ill-paid, nor under-fed. But look at this our favorable specimen. She slips about in her bare feet on the oily factory floor, in a temperature unhealthily high lest the threads snap, in an atmosphere fluffy with particles of cotton, with the sound of machinery

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drowning any gracious tones and causing the loud, harsh voices we know so well. She is learning to piece threads, but nowise to become a household flower, not at all growing fit to become a man's helpmate, and the mother of children. After marriage the state of things is worse, and amounts to a truly portentous evil. The mother here in Lancashire leaves the child to be "minded" with the other babies in the street for a penny a day by an old woman, who is past anything better; and goes off herself to, we presume more skilled, because better remunerated labor at her four looms. What a moral state that reveals! More reward, so it appears, is given for helping a machine to weave the calico girdle of a Hindoo ryot than to train the body and mind of an English child. Truly we must agree with Emerson :

"This is the day of the chattel,

Web to weave and corn to grind,
Things are in the saddle,

And ride mankind."

Now this factory girl is the child of machinery. But for machinery she would never have been born; her living is taken away if the machine becomes useless. Is she a product which it does one good to contemplate? Machinery has created millions of pounds. worth of wealth; it has become as necessary to England as her atmosphere, or the remains of it. What has been its effect on human beings? For if it be true that the whole creation waiteth for the revealing of the sons of God; if, that is, the healthy and perfect development of human beings, ever more and more like unto sons of God, is the purpose of creation; we must ask of machinery whether its tendency is to produce better, healthier, and wiser people, or people with stunted faculties, pale faces, unkind hearts. I have never yet been able to answer this question to myself. The upper classes have probably been benefited. This is matter for long pondering. All I would now point out is that it is because Ruskin has to himself answered this question absolutely, that his verdict of "Guilty" has gone forth against machinery. We may not agree with the verdict, we may interpret the evidence differently, but with his testing principle we must agree. No more than he does, can we wish wealth to accumulate and men decay.

Ruskin's conviction of the wickedness of the econo

mists' theory of wisdom and duty was abundantly confirmed by the evil product of much that was done under orthodox economic sanction. He fought against the extension of railways and against steam machinery. His attitude about railways may be gleaned from the following:

"You have despised Nature: that is to say, all the deep and sacred sensations of natural scenery. The French Revolutionists made stables of the Cathedrals of France, you have

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made racecourses of the cathedrals of the earth.
Your one
conception of pleasure is to drive in railroad carriages round
their aisles and eat off their altars. You have put a railroad
bridge over the Falls of Schaffhausen. You have tunnelled
the cliffs of Lucerne by Tell's Chapel. You have destroyed
the Clarens shore of the Lake of Geneva; there is not a quiet
valley in England that you have not filled with bellowing fire;
there is no particle left of English land which you have not
trampled coal ashes into, nor any foreign city in which the
spread of your presence is not marked by a consuming white
leprosy of new hotels and perfumers' shops, the Alps them-
selves, which your own poets used to love so reverently, you
look upon as soaped poles in a bear garden, which you set
yourselves to climb and slide down again with shrieks of
delight.' When you are past shrieking, with no human
articulate voice to say you are glad with, you fill the quietude
of their valleys with gunpowder blasts, and rush home, red
with cutaneous eruption of conceit, and voluble with convul-
sive hiccough of self-satisfaction.

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We may not take so strong a view as Ruskin about railways, but we over here may be glad that his school of thought exists, and that it has been strong enough so far to save our Lake district from further damage.

I will take one more passage on this subject, which also may stand as a type of the power of style. The thought in it is of the simplest, viz., that there must always be agricultural land; but hear this piece of glorious speech:

"All England may if it so chooses, become one manufacturing town; and Englishmen, sacrificing themselves to the good of general humanity, may live diminished lives in the midst of noise, of darkness, and of deadly exhalation. But the world cannot become a factory, nor a mine. No amount of ingenuity will ever make iron digestible by the million, nor substitute hydrogen for wine. Neither the avarice nor the rage of men will ever feed them; and however the apple of Sodom and the grape of Gomorrah may spread their table for a time with dainties of ashes and nectar of asps, so long as men live by bread, the far away valleys must laugh as they are covered with the gold of God, and the shouts of His happy multitudes ring round the winepress and 'the well."

tents of its wine cellars. "What position would the expediture on literature take, as compared with the expenditure on luxurious eating? We talk of food for the mind, as of food for the body; now a good book contains food inexhaustibly; it is a provision for life and for the best part of us; yet how long most people would look at the best book before they would give the price of a large turbot for it! If public libraries were half as costly as public dinners, or books cost the tenth part of what bracelets do, foolish men and women might suspect there was good in reading, as well as in munching and sparkling."

Much of this criticism is now out of date.

Most

of Ruskin's smaller works now only cost five shillings,
and a few cost less. The "Seven Lamps," for seven
and sixpence, is one of the cheapest books I know of,
Modern Painters " costs £7, and
by a living author.
the "Stones of Venice" four guineas, and neither of
them is dear at the price.

These are English prices for the English editions. I regret to say that between Ruskin and the American reading public there have arisen causes of misunderstanding. The absence of copyright caused cheap, pirated editions, poorly got up, to be brought out in America at the time when the daintiest of books were coming out under the author's sedulous care in England. The wrong did not stop at print and paper; it came to the more tender and delicate subject of plates. If your pirate a plate, your punishment is on your own head. I could not bear to look at the plates I saw in American editions of Ruskin, remembering the charming works they were supposed to be copies of. In reading American Ruskins (so far as I have seen any), turn over the page quickly and look the other way when you suspect a plate is there. Partly from soreness on this subject and partly from other reasons which my readers may hunt for in his books, Ruskin would not for a long time have any authorized edition issued in America; but now that brought out by Prof. Charles Eliot Norton is authorized, and I don't know whether its plates are good or not. Perhaps some one who is up in American books can add an exact note as to present American editions which I cannot.

Ruskin is often accused of being inconsistent with his own gospel of simplicity of life on account of the cost of his books, which is to those who cannot afford the expensive ones, undoubtedly regrettable. Ruskin has in the first place a rich man's fastidiousness as to good paper, which is, after all, cheap enough, a wise man's fastidiousness as to large print, a literary man's fastidiousness as to wide annotatable margins. And he allows all these tastes to have full play, because he puts a high value on a good book, and does not think that books are properly valued when they are so cheap. Herein he is no doubt right; perhaps, even in a city favored by great "department stores," a good book is the cheapest commodity extant. Compare the benefit for life you may obtain from the sum of two dollars and fifty cents invested in "In Memoriam," Sartor Resartus, ""Paradise Lost," and the "Origin of Species," all good editions, with the same sum in a silk hat (not a very good edition), or two picnics, or "Tid Bits" for three years, or a joint of beef, or two pounds of tobacco, or half a pair of trousers, or one boot, or being shaved for six months, or a certain quantity (I lovely in things, and of what is lovely in report. had better not try to be precise) of really good lace trimming. Ruskin wants to know how much the contents of the bookshelves of the United Kingdom, public and private, would fetch, as compared with the con

I hardly feel that I have yet shown you how the main stream of the gospel according to Ruskin flows towards order, towards useful and appropriate beauty, and towards a natural and sweet purity of feeling on all things. I must, therefore, quote one more passage -central-from the author's heart:

"You will find that in all my late books I have summed the needful virtues of men under the terms of gentleness and justice: gentleness being the virtue which distinguishes gentlemen from churls, and justice that which distinguishes honest men from rogues. Now gentleness may be defined as the habit or state of love, and ungentleness or clownishness the opposite habit or state of lust.

"Now there are three great loves that rule the souls of men; the love of what is lovely in creatures, and of what is And these

three loves have each their relative corruption, a lust—the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life. And, as I have just said, a gentleman is distinguished from a churl by the purity of sentiment he can reach in all these three passions; by his imaginative love, as opposed to lust, his

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