addressed to the Rev. Timothy East, Treasurer of Spring-Hill College, Birmingham.

The Tenth is on intellectual and moral greatness compared, and illustrated from Hume, Byron, the ancient classics, and the late John Williams; addressed to the Rev. Thomas Gillespie, D.D., Professor of Latin in the University of St. Andrew's.

The Eleventh is on the same subject, illustrated and compared from the Jewish prophets, the apostles, modern writers, and Christian missions; addressed to the Rev. John Foster, the author of the Essays.

The Twelfth is on the military and the missionary character compared, contrasted, and illustrated, from Napoleon, with other commanders, and from the late John Williams, with other missionaries; addressed to the Right Hon. Thomas Babington Macaulay.

The Thirteenth is on the military and missionary enterprize illustrated, compared, and contrasted; addressed to Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington.

The Fourteenth is on the past history, present position, and future prospects of the missionary enterprise; addressed to the churches of Great Britain, Ireland, and America.

We believe that our readers, as soon as they open the book, for they will of course purchase it, will look for the letter to Lord Brougham. We trust that we betray no secret of our reviewing brotherhood when we say, that thither certainly we betook ourselves first; and we stayed thereabouts for three readings. While dallying with this letter, we have been guessing at another secret, namely, that it is here that Dr. Campbell himself has been drilling his thoughts and tasking his eloquence most. It is, at all events, the master letter of the series. We have admired greatly the noble port and chastened bearing with which Dr. Campbell meets Lord Brougham. The attitude of the Doctor is not that of a humble dissenter and tiny divine, laying hold on the hem of the noble Lord's garment, but that of a fellow-giant, meeting one from Brobdignag, and riveting him to the spot, to listen to some strange but home truths.

After a brief dalliance with the noble Lord's laurels, Dr. Campbell

says

“My Lord, will you allow me to say, that, while speculating on the glory which, in coming ages, awaits you, I could not help also anticipating the judgment of posterity in regard to your lordship's religious character? I would allude to this point with profound respect and great tenderness; but I dare not be wholly silent, because I can even now speak with certainty as to the light in which they will view you.

"Before me are the writings of holy prophets and apostles, with the true sayings of Christ, the rule of judgment. By these records will posterity estimate you. Its conclusion may, therefore, be easily ascertained. Its higher tribunal will affirm the decision which has been already pronounced by a great majority of educated and liberal Christian men, your cotemporaries. It will declare your lordship to have been a man of pure morals, of unusual disinterestedness, and of an ambition not

greater than your capabilities to serve your country and benefit mankind—the prince of patriots and philanthropists.

"But, my Lord, while future generations thus pass sentence upon your personal and public character, they will tremble when they think of the possible condition of that mighty spirit which once informed the frame that bore the name of Brougham! They will be unable to discover any thing in your lordship's past history which bespeaks true sympathy with the religion of the Son of God! They will discover nothing in all that you have written or spoken that indicates a right understanding of the doctrines of the cross, or any anxious concern about the world to come! I have looked for such indications in vain, where, if at all, they might have been expected to be found-in your speeches for the missionary Smith. This is a remarkable and mournful defect in those otherwise admirable orations.

"On that tragical occasion, an opportunity was furnished, such as no senator ever before enjoyed, of doing justice to a class of men of whom the world is not worthy;' an opportunity, too, of atoning to earth and heaven for the injury done to the cause of humanity, instruction, freedom, and religion, among the whole human race, by the impious, calumnious, and atrocious articles on Methodism and Missions,' which had appeared in the great literary organ of the north, with the origin and early conduct of which you are closely identified. But you let the occasion slip.

"This was the more to be regretted, my Lord, because your case fully admitted— nay, demanded-a defence of the class, as well as of the individual. In your exordium, you truly represented those around you as pouring contempt upon your cause, ridiculing the petitioners, and adding, that, after all, it was merely about a poor missionary.' Oh! my Lord, then was the moment to have summoned your boundless resources, and collected your giant strength, that you might exhibit to your ignorant auditory the progress of civilization, with the degree to which it had been the effect of missions, and the impossibility of its extension and completion over our world but by their means-to have set forth the claims of these truly noble persons to the world's gratitude and admiration, to the protection of governments, the patronage of princes, and the smile of kings-to have shown that the home deeds, even of a Howard, and his short continental tours of compassion, were but trifles, cheap and safe amusements, as compared with the suffering and sacrifice, the disheartening toil, and the voluntary exile, the frequent perils, and the cruel persecutions, the ill-paid and unpraised labours of these apostolic men-and then to have hurled your thunderbolts of burning indignation at all governments, whether home or colonial, and at all functionaries, whether civil or military, subjects or sovereigns, who dared to impede the progress of these best benefactors of the human race!

"Never, my Lord, never had orator such subject before! Never had statesman such an occasion of promoting the highest enterprize on earth-an enterprize comprehensive of the interests of all classes, of all nations, through all times! Heroes and sages, all who have been deemed first among this world's wise and good, are poor and limited subjects, poor beneath all poverty, and limited within all limitation, as compared with the murdered missionary of Demerara."-pp. 107-109.

We leave this passage to speak for itself, and will hasten to give Dr. Campbell's portrait of Williams, and sketches of one or two other missionaries, in the ninth letter.

MR. WILLIAMS' BODILY ASPECT.

"He was massive rather than muscular, and strong without remarkable activity: his stature was somewhat above the middle size-his chest one of unusual breadththe shoulders considerably rounded, and the whole frame bulky and broadly set. His aspect was a little singular: indeed, he was often taken for a foreigner.

"There was something strikingly peculiar in the aspect of Mr. Williams. Having been once seen, he was ever after easily recognized; and you could instantly point him out, at a distance, among ten thousand men. The head was very large and long, and greatly wanting in that conical elevation so generally found associated with extreme benevolence—a quality for which, notwithstanding, he was so remarkable. The forehead was an oblong square, of no great breadth, and retired considerably. The countenance altogether was of uncommon benignity; it had all the serenity of the finest summer's eve, shaded with a slight expression of sadness. The eye was soft and lustrous; it sparkled from beneath his dark brows, distinctly bespeaking the benevolence that glowed within. All his features were rounded. This absence of every thing angular about his countenance strikingly indicated the cast of his mind and manners; while there was nothing in his face expressive of either intelligence or feeling, every feature evinced simplicity of character, tranquillity of heart, and honesty of purpose. The entire visage, in fact, was so deeply stamped with the impress of good nature and good will, as to inspire every beholder with immediate confidence."-pp. 196, 197.

MR. WILLIAMs' intellectuAL CHARACTER.

"The intellectual corresponded to the corporeal part of Mr. Williams. He was decidedly a man of genius-of great genius-but of genius wholly mechanical. He was also strongly marked by the chief intellectual infirmity of most men of that class. His judgment, although sound, was neither strong, comprehensive, nor exact. Its moral movements closely resembled those of his bulky frame; they were heavy and lagging-wanting in rapidity, dexterity, and decision. He arrived at conclusions by a slow and circuitous process, and yet his long deliberation seldom added to the strength of his convictions. Like most men of great mechanical genius, he was unskilful in the collection, analysis, and balancing of moral evidence'; and hence, at times, he had great difficulty in making up his mind to any particular course of conduct. He occasionally lingered long amid the tortures of suspense. Even after dropping his anchor, he was often driven from his moorings, and tossed on the billows of painful uncertainty.

"Mr. Williams was not suited greatly to influence the deliberations, and still less to sway the counsels, of civilized and cultivated men. For this work he was too humble, too modest, and too amiable. There was very little of the agonistic in him. He was too much loved to be sufficiently an object of reverence and of fear. His extreme softness gave him at times an air of weakness. Social influence and severe selfdiscipline had done nothing towards rectifying this defect; he was indeed scarcely conscious of its existence."-pp. 197, 198.

MR. WILLIAMS' SPEECHES.

"In the soul of Mr. Williams there was not a single element of true poetry; but notwithstanding his want of imagination, he occasionally painted the scenery and society of the South Seas with great, though literal effect. The performance was clearly that of an artist, though somewhat of the Flemish school.

"The spoken style of Mr. Williams, like his person and mind, was simple, but strong-rough, but manly. He was wholly destitute of the arts of eloquence; the selection of words, and the construction of phrases, the preparation of paragraphs, and the polish of periods, made no part of his study. His written style is more correct; and, at times, somewhat ornate; but for these graces it was indebted to other pens more practised than his own. The truth is, that the noble-minded man, in all his exhibitions, whether of spoken or of written language, was wholly indifferent to self. His own existence, for the most part, seemed to be forgotten. He was entirely regardless of what men thought or said of himself, if they would but hear his statement of the work of God amongst the heathen;--he asked no more.

"A great critic has truly said, 'The rhetoric of Fox was his logic;' and it may with equal truth be affirmed, that the eloquence of Williams was his facts! With these, both in England and in Scotland, he wrought his wonders. He told such tales as no man ever told before. He spoke as a messenger from a fairy-landa land which exhibited a combination of all that is beauteous in nature, with all that is barbarous in man. To utterance and manner he owed as little as to diction; his delivery was heavy, and his voice monotonous; his air tame, and his action stiff and awkward. Never was public speaker more thoroughly divested of every thing meretricious, or more devoid even of legitimate ornament. Every passage and every sentence bore the deep and indelible impress of pure truth and unsophisticated nature. The leading feature of every effort was-business. There was no straining in his thoughts, no extravagance in his representations, no ranting in his delivery. Enthusiasm, in its vulgar acceptation, had no place in the breast of Mr. Williams. Common sense was his great and distinguishing quality; and the conviction which irresistibly darted into the mind of every hearer, was-This is an honest man!"p. 200.

DR. PHILIP, Of Africa.

"Dr. Philip is, in my view, by far the most philosophic missionary at this moment in the field. Mr. Williams in his time was the most interesting narrator of facts. The province of the one is reason; that of the other, observation. This is full of interest to the multitude; that engages the reflecting minority. The liberator of the Hottentots, like the immortal Burke,

'Who, too deep for his hearers, still went on refining,

And thought of convincing, while they thought of dining,'

frequently talks an assembly of shallow men into marked and ill-mannered impatience, while discoursing with a depth of thought, a compass of view, and a force of argument, that would suffice to interest, enlighten, and convince an assembly of philosophers, or a congress of statesmen. The Great Light of Polynesia, on the contrary, with his simple facts, touching tales, and tragic scenes, would keep the same people, and people of all sorts, for hours together, and for days in succession, riveted and charmed as if by enchantment. I have heard no man, who, in my humble opinion, even approaches Dr. Philip for sublime and glorious conceptions of the philosophy of missions; and Mr. Williams as far outstripped all his cotemporaries in narrating the details of their history."—p. 199.

THE REV. ROBERT MOFFAT.

"Without having the poet's eye, which Mr. Moffat so eminently possesses, he (Mr. Williams) was often not inferior to that remarkable man in the felicity of his portraits. Mr. Moffat sees every thing though the medium of the imagination; and genius stands by, ready to robe his perception in the most beautiful attire. The sovereignty of his spirit is immediately confessed by his hearers; and, in spite of a very defective manner, and a most barbarous elocution, made up of the worst Scottish dialects, disguised in divers African intonations, he reigns supreme in every audience, whether metropolitan or provincial."-p. 200.

Our limits remind us that we must break off from this deeplyinteresting volume, though we had marked for quotation many passages of great beauty, eloquence, and power-especially some in the letter addressed to his Grace the Duke of Wellington.

Though we have expressed ourselves strongly in our conscientious estimate of the work, yet we feel that it does not require our praise to

commend it to the attention of the churches, and of the friends of missions. For keen, philosophic penetration into the secret workings of missions-for a deep insight into the elements of human character-for a vast compass of reading, observing, and recording-for elegant classical allusions and imageries-for felicitous thought and powerful diction— and for stern honesty of purpose to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth-take it all in all, it will be long before we see such a work again.

Elementary Geology. By the Rev. Edward Hitchcock, LL.D,, Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in Amherst College, Geologist to the state of Massachusetts, &c. Second Edition, with an Introductory Notice, by John Pye Smith, D.D. F.R.S. F.G.S. Published at Amherst, U. S. London: Jackson & Walford. 1841. 12mo, PP. 346.

A Wreath for the Tomb: or, Extracts from Eminent Writers on Death and Eternity; with an Introductory Essay and a Sermon on the Lessons taught by Sickness. By the Rev. Prof. Hitchcock. Amherst.

London: Jackson & Walford. 1839. 12mo, pp. 250.

We put these two volumes together, widely different as are their subjects, partly because they are among the most interesting of the recent importations of books from the New England States, and partly because they present the pleasing sight of the faithful Christian minister, in the same person with the laborious and successful natural philosopher. This union furnishes an encouraging example, which will, we trust, ere long, find many correspondences in the mother-country of the United States, our Father Land.

The Geological work is entitled to especial notice, as, we have reason to believe, the most complete compendium any where to be found. In a condensed form, it lays before us Tracts, Doctrines, Evidences, and Inferences, in a lucid arrangement, and comprehending both Mineral Geology, and the fascinating realm of Palæozoics. With the avoidance of diffuseness, there is no sacrifice of perspicuity. So plain and simple are the arrangement of the matter and the character of the expression, that any person of good understanding and respectable education may commence the study, and make in it a satisfactory progress. The author of the introductory notice, tells us that this book is peculiarly adapted to the use of ministers, theological students, and serious Christians in general. In addition to remarks upon the "Connexion between Geology, and Natural and Revealed Religion," which is the title of the ninth section of the work, Dr. Pye Smith makes the following observations.