13 Behold, therefore I have smitten. mine hand at thy dishonest gain which and at thy blood which hath been in the midst of thee. 8 Thou hast despised mine holy things, thou hast made, and hast profaned my sabbaths. 9 In thee are men that " carry tales to shed blood: and in thee they eat upon the mountains: in the midst of thee P they commit lewdness: 10 In thee have they discovered their father's nakedness: in thee have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution. 14 Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong, in the days that I shall deal with thee? I the LORD have spoken it, and will do it. 15 And I will scatter thee among the heathen, and disperse thee in the countries, and will consume thy filthiness out of thee. 16 And thou shalt **take thine inherit h 11 And one hath committed abomi-ance in thyself in the sight of the heathen, nation with his neighbor's wife; and another and thou shalt know that I am the LORD. thath lewdly defiled his daughter-in-law; and another in thee hath humbled " his sister, his father's daughter. Heb. arm. Mic. 2:1. k Ex. 21:17. Lev. 20:9. Deut. In 26. 20:13,21,24. 23:38,39. Heb. men of slanders. n Ex. 20:16. 23:1. Lev, 19:16, 1 Kings 21:10-13. Ps. 50:20. 101:5. Prov. 10:18. 18:8. 26: 22. Jer. 6:23. 94. 37:13-15. 38.4-6. Matt. 26:59. Acts 6: 11-13. 24.5,13. Rev. 12.9.10. o 18:6,11,15. Ps. 106:28. I Cor. 10:19-21. p 16:43. 24:13. Judg. 20:6. Hos. 4:2,10,14. 6:9. 7:4. q Gen. 35.22. 49:4. Lev. 18:7, r 18:6. Lev. 18:19. 20:18. s 18:11. Lev. 13:20. 20.10. || Or, every one. t Lev. 18:15. 20:12,17. gods they worshipped, having tenaciously adhered to the religion of their fathers, would mock them for forsaking JEHOVAH, and insult them under the miseries to which their rebellion had exposed them; so that their infamy would equal their misery. (Marg. and Marg. Ref.--Notes, 2,25-28. 5:14-17. Is. 1:10-15, v. 15. Jer. 2:26-30,33–37, v. 34. Lam. 4:13-16. Mic. 3:8-12. Zeph. 3:1-4. Rev. 17:1—6.) V. 6-11. Marg. and Marg. Ref.-Notes, 18: 5-13. 20:30-32. Ex. 22:21--27. Lev. 18:18. 19:16. 20: 1 Sam. 22:9--19. Is. 59:3--8. Jer. 5: 7--9. 1 Cor. 1:1-5, v. 1. [Practical Observations.] 17 T And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, x Ex. 23:7,8. Deut. 16:19. 27: 2 36:19. Matt. z Prov. 1:19. Is. 56:11. a 23:35. Deut. 32:18. Ps. 106: b 21:14,17. Num. 24:10. c 27. Prov. 28:8. Is. 33:15. Jer. 28 g 5:12. 12:14,15. 34:6. h 18-22. 20.38, 23:47,48. 24:6 **Or, be profaned in thyself. 7: 24. 25:3. Is. 43:28. 47:6, i 6:7. 39:6,7,28. Ex. 8:22. 1 Kings 20:13, 28. Ps. 83.19. Is. 37:20. Dan. 4:25,32-35. some to think, that no eagerness after gain is hateful to God, unless attended by gross injustice: whereas "covetousness" in all cases "is idolatry." (Marg. Ref. c.-Notes, 27,28. 1 Tim. 6:6--10, vv. 8--10.) V. 14. (Marg. Ref. e, f.) The utter inability of sinners to stand against that God, whom they continually set at defiance, shews their folly to be equal to their impiety. (Notes, 28: 6--10, v. 9. Job 40:9-14. 1 Cor. 10:18––22. v. 22.) V. 15. (Marg. Ref. g.) When Jerusalem was desolated and laid in ruins, her iniquity and idolatry were entirely purged out, as by fire: and gross idolatry was never after practised there, even to the final destruction of the by the Romans. (Marg. Ref. h.-Notes, 18 ---22. 23:27. 24:9-13. Is. 27:7--11.) V. 12. (Marg. Ref. x-z.--Note, 18:10--13.) "The judges have taken bribes, not only to 'pervert justice, but even to take away the lives of the innocent.' Lowth.--All the immo-city rality, murders, and oppressions, as well as idolatry, of the Jews, arose from forgetfulness V. 16. In thyself.] Or, For thyself. The of God, of his perfections, commandments, Lord had been the Portion of his people; and testimonies, promises, and wonderful works, he had allotted Canaan to them for their temand of their relations and obligations to him.poral inheritance. But they had forfeited his (Marg. Ref. a.-Notes, Ps. 9:17. Jer. 2:31,32.) favor, and were driven out of the country; V. 13. The Lord was about to shew his ab- they might therefore provide for themselves, horrence of the iniquity committed by his pro-and get what inheritance they could among fessed worshippers, and his earnestness in punishing it; as men smite their hands together, when they are provoked beyond what they are able to bear. (Marg. Ref. b.--Note, 21:17.) Thy dishonest gain.], "Thy covetous-(Marg. Ref.) Old Version. Covetousness is almost Thou shalt be profaned, &c.] Marg. "Thou always connected with some kind or degree shalt no longer enjoy the privileges of a city of unfair and fraudulent dealing, but this is called by my name and set apart for my resi not so generally considered as direct dishones-'dence; but shalt be laid open as commou ty: and the insertion of the epithet may lead 'ground to be profaned by infidels.' Louth. ness." the nations, by whom they were enslaved and carried captive: and thus they should know the Lord, by experiencing the misery of forfeiting his favor, and incurring his indignation. k 23 ¶ And the word of the LORD camo unto me, saying, 18. Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver. m 19 Therefore thus saith the Lord God; Because ye are all become dross, behold, therefore I will gather you into the midst of Jerusalem. o 21. 21.31,32. Is. 54:16. q 15.6,7. 20.47,48. Deut. 4:24. s 16,31. Hos. 5.10. Rev. 16:1. t 24 Son of man, say unto her, Thou art the land that is not cleansed, nor rained upon in the day of indignation. 25 There is a conspiracy of her prophets in the midst thereof, like a roaring lion ravening the prey: they have devoured souls; they have taken the treasure and precious things; they have made her many widows in the midst thereof. 26 Her priests have a violated my law, and have profaned mine holy things: they have "put no difference between the holy and profane, neither have they shewed difference between the unclean and the clean, and have hid their eyes from my sabbaths, and I am profaned among them. 27 Her princes in the midst thereof are like wolves ravening the prey, to shed 2 Chr. 28:22. 36:14-16. Is. 26,27. Lam. 4:13. Mic. 3:11, 1:5. 9.13. Jer. 2:30. 5:3, 6: 2:1-3. u 13:10-16. 1 Kings 22:11-Heb. offered violence to. c 8. 20:12,13. d 36:20-23. Rom. 2:24. x 27-29. Is. 56:11. Ho.. 6:9. merous, conspired together to maintain the V. 18–22. Israel, compared with other nations, had been as the gold and silver compared with the baser metals. But they were now become as the dross, or scum, of silver; the refuse that is consumed in the furnace, or thrown away when the silver is refined. Or they were become as brass, tin, iron, and lead, or a mixture of such metals as are compara-acy" against the cause of God and the intertively of small value. These may mean dif- ests of true religion. They resembled "roaring ferent characters among them, all far beneath lions ravening the prey:" they were fierce, what Israelites ought to have been, and at cruel, and rapacious, seeking only to enrich best only equal to the heathen. The Lord in- || themselves, and to be avenged on all who optended therefore to gather them into Jerusa- posed them. They not only deceived the souls lem, as metals are cast into the furnace; to make|| of men by false doctrine, but they procured the the fire exceedingly hot under them by blow- death of numbers, that they might take the ing it; and to leave them there to be melted treasure and precious things belonging to and proved; that if there were any gold or sil- them: thus they multiplied the widows in Jever, it might be separated and refined, and rusalem, by the murder of their husbands on that the dross and base metal night be con- one pretence or another; and reduced them to sumed. The wrath of God kindled and poverty, by seizing their property as forfeited. blew this fire, which consisted of the judg-Marg. Ref.-Notes, 27,28. 13:1-16. 1 Kings ments inflicted on the Jews by the Chaldeans; 22:6,10,11,19-23. Jer. 5:30,31. 6:13—15. 23:13 by whom Jerusalem was entirely destroyed, -15. 29:1. Mic. 3:8-12. Matt. 23:14.) and all orders and characters of men were V. 26. The whole company of the priests either slain, or reduced to a wretched captivi- were become like Hophni and Phinehas: they ty. The destruction of Jerusalem by the Ro-wrested the law of God from its true meaning, mans, and the long continued calamities of the Jews since that event, seem also to have been intended by the Spirit of prophecy, though the Chaldean invasion was primarily foretold. (Marg. and Marg. Ref.-Notes, 20:45 -48. 24:3-11. Is. 1:25-27. Jer. 6:27-30. Mal. 3:1-4.) V. 24. No cleansing, purifying, fertilizing showers of rain, attended on these tremendous storms: the land still continued polluted with idolatry and wickedness, after all the calamities which had been experienced, and notwithstanding the predictions of more entire desolations. The people were not led to repentance or reformation, but grew more and more wicked amidst them all. (Marg. Ref.) V. 25. The false prophets, who were nu that it might seem to sanction their enormities; or they contemptuously broke it for their own ungodly gain. They profaned the temple by their crimes, where the sacrifices and oblations were offered, or used by them in a most unholy manner. They disregarded the distinction between holy and profane, and between clean and unclean, both in respect of times, meats, persons, and actions; making every thing bend to their interest. They connived at the profanation of the sabbaths, and joined in it; and their sacred function was so disgraced by their crimes, that the name of God was greatly profaned by them. (Marg. and Marg. Ref.-Votes, 20:12-14. 36:20-24. 44:23,24. Lev. 10:8-11. 1 Sam. 2:12-17,22. Is. 56:9-12. Jer. 2:8,9. 5:30,31. 8:10-12. Zeph. blood, and to destroy souls, to get dishon- || have 'oppressed the stranger twrongfully. est gain. 28 And her prophets have daubed them with untempered mortar, seeing vanity, and divining lies unto them, saying, Thus saith the Lord GOD, and the LORD hath not spoken. 29 The people of the land have used * oppression, and exercised robbery, and have vexed the poor and needy; yea, they 3:1-4, v. 4. Mal. 1:6—11. 2:1–9. Matt. 27:1,2. Acts 4:1-3.) 30 And I sought for a man among them that should make up the hedge, and stand in the gap before me for the land, that I should not destroy it; but I found none. 31 Therefore have I poured out mine indignation upon them; I have consumed them with the fire of my wrath: P their own way have I recompensed upon their heads, saith the Lord GOD. 17. Ex. 22:21. 23:9. Lev. 19: in 1s. 59.16. 63:5. Jer. 5:1. 32:10-14. Ps. 106:23,30. Jer. 15:1. o 21.22. p 7:3,8,9. 9.10. 11:21. 16:43 Rom. 2:8,9. vexation shew, that God will not connive at wickedness in persons of any name or station. ||—It is happy for mankind, that the power of ungodly men is limited: for they who perpetrate the most injustice and murder, would do still more were it "in their power." But while they greatly harass and afflict others, they destroy themselves.-The Lord notes the sins of men with all their aggravations: and as he will call them to account for their idolatries, murders, and outrageous cruelties; so he will not overlook the neglect and contempt shewn V. 27, 28. The prophets employed all their ingenuity to varnish over the crimes of the princes, who were like ravening wolves, and took bribes to shed innocent blood. By these means the prophets shared the dishonest gain with the princes, or availed themselves of their authority to gratify their avarice or revenge. And thus from them robbery and oppression were diffused through the land. (Marg. Ref. e, f.-Notes, 13,25. 19:2–9. Ps. 82:2-4. Is. 1: 21-24. 10:1-4. Mic. 3:1-4. 6:10—15, v. 12. 7:||by children to their parents; the oppression of 1-4, v. 3. Zeph. 3:1-4, v. 3.)-Have daubed, &c. (28) Marg. Ref. g, h.-Note, 13:10-16. V. 29. Marg. and Marg. Ref.-Notes, Jer. 5:26-31, 6:13-15. Am. 4:1-3. 5:10-13. those of other religions, nations, or complexions; the vexation of orphans and widows; the slanders by which characters and even lives are destroyed; the profanation of his holy V. 30. Jeremiah, and some few others, en- sabbaths; the neglect of his ordinances, or hydeavored to bring the people to repentance, pocrisy in attending on them; the preference and to avert divine judgments by their pray- given by men to their own traditions and suers: but they were greatly despised; their ef- perstitions, above his truths and precepts; their forts were generally and pertinaciously oppos- multiplied violations of his holy law, in the ed, and almost entirely unsuccessful; and their gratification of their sensual appetites, and in prayers were discouraged. There was not every species of lewdness; or their bribery, exone, however, that possessed authority or in- tortion, and greediness of gain, however acfluence, who made a good use of it. Neither quired. It is very common for sinners secretthe king nor any of his nobles, neither the highly to indulge their worldly lusts; and to varnish priest nor any of the chief priests, not one of it over with a zealous profession of religion, the scribes, the members of the sanhedrim, or and a great attachment to some of its doctrines the magistrates, nor of those, who possessed or observances: and thus they impose on themcredit and influence: none of them all employ-selves, or on others; and perhaps exclaim ed their abilities and authority to stop the progress of wickedness, and to bring the principal offenders to justice; or endeavored by their labors and examples to promote a reformation, or to interpose by their prayers to avert divine judgment. The Lord (speaking after the manner of men,) sought for some Moses, Phinehas, or Samuel, to stand in the gap on this occasion; but, as he found none, the destruction of Jerusalem was inevitable. (Marg. Ref.-Notes, 9:3,4. 13:5. Ps. 99:6. 106:19-23,28-31. Is. 59: 16-19, v. 16. Jer. 5:1,2.) PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS. V. 1-16. against those who warn them of their danger as precise or over rigorous. But can "their hearts endure, or their hands be strong, in the day that God shall deal with them," as he has spoken? If in temporal judgments, every heart melts and all hands wax feeble; what will be the case "in the day of wrath, and revelation of the righteous judgment of God!" Will the stout-hearted, at that awful season, be able to harden their hearts under misery, as they now do in impiety? Will they despise the accomplishment, as they now do the revelation, of the wrath of the almighty God? As this must be impossible, let them, ere it be too late, submit to God and seek his mercy and How strong must the stream of human de-salvation. And let those who find acute pain pravity be when it can burst through so many or lingering disease (comparatively light and powerful obstructions, and inundate even the momentary afflictions,) very hard to be endurcity of God with such a torrent of horrible ed, take warning to "flee from the wrath to wickedness, as is in this chapter described!-come," lest a far "worse thing come upon We must not excuse, or scruple to expose, the crimes of men, because they live in "holy places," or occupy sacred functions: for when nominal Christians, or the clergy, become odious by their vices; the glory of God requires, that they should be made a reproach and a mocking even to the beathen: and if they be sheltered from deserved punishment and contempt, religion itself will be disgraced, or the sacred ministry despised; but their infamy and 536] them." V. 17-31. When rulers and princes choose to be like ravening wolves, and to shed blood in oppression or persecution; they will be sure to find profane priests and false prophets, to buoy up their confidence and keep them in countenance! There always were men of this stamp who would violate the law of God, contradict his truths, explain away his precepts, prosti CHAP. XXIII. 6 Which were clothed with blue, cap The idolatry of Israel in Egypt exposed by a parable of two sis-tains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses. ters, Aholah, and Aholibah, 1-4. The subsequent whore doms of Aholah, and her punishment, 5-10. The whoredoms and punishment of Aholibah, 11-35. As involved in the same guilt, they are visited by similar judgments, 36–49. HEL HE word of the LORD came again 2 Son of man, there were he daughters of one mother: a two women, 3 And they committed whoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their youth: there were their breasts pressed, and there they bruised the teats of their virginity. e 4 And the names of them were Aholah the elder, and Aholibah her sister; and they were mine, and they bare sons and daughters. Thus were their names; Samaria is * Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholi· bah. 7 Thus she committed her whoredoms with them, with all them that were the chosen men of Assyria, and with all on whom she doted: with all their idols she defiled herself. k 8 Neither left she her 1 whoredoms brought from Egypt: for in her youth they lay with her, and they bruised the breasts of her virginity, and poured their whoredom upon her. 9 Wherefore I have delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted. 10 These discovered her nakedness: they took her sons and her daughters, and slew her with the sword: and she became famous among women; for they had exe 5 And Aholah played the harlot when she was mine; and she doted on her lov-cuted judgment upon her. ers, on the Assyrians her neighbors, h 11 And when Pher sister Aholibah saw Israel and Judah, were both descended from one common stock, and at first formed but one people or family. (Notes, 16:44–47. Jer. 3:6— 11.) V. 3. As soon as the family of Jacob was grown up into a people, they were seduced into idolatry, and initiated into those abominations, to which they ever after were so exceedingly prone. (Marg. Ref. Note, 20:7-9.) tute his ordinances, "see vanity, divine lies," confound all distinctions between holy and unholy, “daub the wall with untempered mortar;" and even become caterers to the lusts, or instruments of the cruelty and iniquity of wicked rulers, for a share of the spoil, and that they might be permitted to "take the treasure and the precious things." Thus they destroy both the lives and souls of men, "for filthy fucre's sake." By such professed ministers of reli- V.4. The kingdom of Israel, of which Sagion, whose false doctrines are devised to hide maria was the capital city, containing ten the shame of their wicked lives, the church of tribes, and occupying the larger part of CaGod becomes "a den of thieves" instead of "anaan, was called "the elder sister" in this parhouse of prayer;" the gold and silver become able. (16:46.) "Aholah," the name given to her, dross and base metal; and nations are prepar-signifies, His or her tent, or tabernacle; (Marg. ed to be melted, or consumed, by the fire of the divine indignation. And if lighter visitations be not sanctified, and rendered effectual to bring men to "repentance and fruits meet for repentance;" they will prove to be the forerunners of desolating judgments and irreversible destruction.-But let every one, according to his measure of ability and influence, endeavor to "make up the hedge and to stand in the gap,' to stop the progress of iniquity, and to avert the judgments of God from our guilty land. The Lord seeks for such men, and will accept their prayers and efforts; and so long as any are found, especially among our princes, senators, magistrates, and rulers in church or state, we may hope to be still preserved: but when none shall remain of this character, it may be expected, that God will "pour out his indignation upon us, and recompense our ways upon our heads, as he hath spoken." Let then all who fear his name, unite to promote his truth and righteousness; even as zealously as wicked men, of every rank and profession, often conspire and combine their efforts to run them down. and Ref.) and implies, that the whole of the religion established in Israel was a human invention, a temple and service of their own, and not of God's appointment. "Aholibah," the name given to the younger sister, or to the kingdom of Judah and the city of Jerusalem, signifies, My tent in her; (Marg, and Ref.) and implies that the worship established in Judah was from God, and that his temple was indeed at Jerusalem: for the profanation of it was the grand aggravation of the sins of the Jews. Both these sisters belonged to the Lord: they were solemnly espoused to him at mount Sinai, and bare sons and daughters to him; that is, children of God, true believers were raised up among them: and had they continued faithful to him, the whoredoms of their youth in Egypt would not have been mentioned against them. (Marg. Ref.) V.5-10. The kingdom of Israel not only revolted from the family of David, but apostatized from God, whose people they were by the most solemn engagements. In addition to their previous gross idolatries, in worshipping the golden calves and Baal: in the latter times of their nation, they connected themselves with CHAP. XXIII. V. 2. The two nations of the Assyrians, who became their neighbors by VOL. IV. [537 NOTES. 69 this, she was more corrupt in her inordi-!| 18 So she discovered her whoredoms, nate love than she, and in her whoredoins and discovered her nakedness: then my more than her sister in her whoredoms. mind was alienated from her, like as my mind was alienated from her sister. r 12 She doted upon the Assyrians her neighbors, captains and rulers clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding upon horses, all of them desirable young men. 13 Then I saw that she was defiled, that they took both one way, 14 And that she increased her whoredoms: for when she saw men portrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans portrayed with " vermilion, 15 Girded with girdles upon their loins, exceeding in dyed attire upon their heads, y all of them princes to look to, after the manner of the Babylonians of Chaldea, the land of their nativity; 16 And as soon as she saw them with her eyes, she doted upon them, and sent messengers unto them into Chaldea. 17 And the Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they defiled her with their whoredom, and she was polluted with them, and her mind was alienated from them. a Is. 22:21. X 1 Sam. 18:4. Heb. at the sight of her eyes. a 22,28. 16:37. 2 Sam. 13:15, e 19 Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in caliing to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt. 20 For she doted upon her paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses. 21 Thus thou calledst to remembrance the lewdness of thy youth, in bruising thy teats by the Egyptians for the paps of thy youth. 22 Therefore, O Aholibah, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold I will raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy mind is alienated, and I will bring them against thee on every side. k 23 The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, m Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses. 24 And they shall come against thee b 16:36. 21:24. Is. 3:9. Jer. 8: Hab. 1:6-10. Rev. 17:16. b 17. c Deut. 32:19. Ps. 78:59. 106: i Jer. 6:22,23. 12:9-12. d 14. 16:25,29,51. Am. 4:4, e 3,8,21. 16:22. 20:7. f 16:20. 17:15. 25:1-3. 12 Kings 24:2. Job 1:17. Is Acts 7:4. 23:13. m Jer. 50:21. n Gen. 2:14. 25:13. Ezra 6:22 g 9,28. 16:37. Is. 10:5,6, 39:3,4. o 6,12. conquering the Syrians. They then became idols than even the Israelites had been; so that dotingly fond of their idols: being captivated the efforts of their pious princes to reform by the comely persons and splendid appear- them, only served to discover the inveteracy of ance of the Assyrian captains and horsemen; the disease, which increased amidst the most and thinking every thing desirable, which powerful remedies used to abate 't. They too tended to connect them with these new idola-connected themselves with the Assyrians, and trous allies. Thus they defiled themselves with their idols; and at the same time they retained the idolatries, which they had first learned in Egypt. Wherefore the Lord at length punished them by the kings of Assyria, who turned against them, entirely spoiled their country, and slaughtered, enslaved, impoverished, and dispersed the inhabitants. Thus they executed judgment upon Samaria and Israel, and Aholah became "famous," or a name, for her crimes and her calamities. The expression means celebrated, whether in an honorable or a dishonorable manner; either famous or infamous.-'As she had been formerly renowned 'among the heathen for her beauty; (16:14.) so|| 'now she was every where talked of as a re'markable instance of God's vengeance, and 'set forth as an example to other cities and na'tions, to deter them from the like abomina'tions.' Lowth. (Marg. and Marg. Ref.-Notes, 16:30-43. 2 Kings 15:19,20. 17:3-6,24. Jer. 3: 6-11. Hos. 5:13,14. 8:9,10. 10:5,6. 11:5-7. 14: 1-3.) V. 11-21. All the time that the kingdom of Israel was ripening for judgments, and even after it was ruined, Judah was growing more and more corrupt, and devoted to idols: and in the reign of Ahaz, afterwards in that of Manasseh and Amon, and at last after the death of Josiah, the Jews were more mad upon their were enamored of them and their idols; and then with the Chaldeans, and followed their idols: still retaining also their attachment to the Egyptians and their idols. Thus they were like those abandoned women, who have cast off all regard to decency, duty, or consequences; and are given up in the most infatuated manner to their unbridled inordinate passions, and are ready to prostitute themselves to every man they see: and their conduct was represented by these allusions, to shew how loathsome and hateful idolatry is in the sight of God. But after a short time, they were as much alienated from the Chaldeans, as they had been attached to them; (as is frequently the case between bad women and their paramours;) and this made way for their tempters to become their executioners. For, though they were alienated from the Chaldeans, they continued to provoke the Lord by their abominable idolatries and heathen alliances, especially with the Egyptians: so that he was at length entirely alienated from them. (Marg. and Marg. Ref.-Notes, 3. 16:44-47. 2 Kings 16.7-9. 20:12-19. Jer. 3:6–11.) Dyed attire, &c. (15) The Chaldeans, and 'afterward the Persians, wore a sort of turbans 'upon their heads, with different degrees of or'naments, according to their different qualities.' Lowth. |
