1814.] Botanical Report. 857 thus be obtained in abundance; and this in fact constitutes the cheapest process of obtaining it. If the product to be distilled with manganese has not been freed sufficiently from the muriates in which the soap lec abounds, there then is a copious production of chlorine, together with a yellow fluid, and then the quantity of iode becomes considerably diminish ed. This loss may be guarded against, by adding filings of zinc to the mixture, previously to submitting it to distillation. In fact, the addition of zinc filings effects the expulsion of an additional portion of iode from the mass, after the oxide of lead or manganese has ceased to act. Professor JAMESON, of Edinburgh, has published the following short enumeration of the most important of his mineralogical conclusions : 1. That primitive rocks contain no mechanical deposites, the conglomerated rocks in gneiss and porphyry being entirely of a chemical nature. 2. That greywacke is always a pure chemical deposite, and contains no mechanical intermixture. 3. That felspar occurs more abundantly in nature than is generally supposed, this mineral being one of the principal constident parts of granite, gneiss, clay slate, por phyry, sienite, serpentine, flinty slate, hornstone, greywacke, transition slate, striped Jasper, oldest conglomerates, besides forming in some degree the basis of most of the pri mitive, transition, and floetz trap rocks. 4. That the vast beds of conglomerate which rest upon, and sometimes probably alternate with, transition rocks, are also chemical deposites. 5. That sandstone in many instances appears to be a chemical deposite, 6. That many of the fragments and fragmented appearances which occur in porphyry, limestone, and trap rocks, are of a chemical nature, and of cotemporaneous formation with the rocks in which they are contained. 7. That true primitive veins, those confined to primitive rocks, whatever may be their nature or magnitude, are often of cotemporaneous formation with the rocks they traverse. 8. That many of the veins in transition and floetz countries, even those extending for many hundred yards, and of great width, are of cotemporaneous formation with the rocks in which they are contained. 9. That strata of crystallized rocks may appear to run beneath an older rock when they really rest upon it, and have been formed after it. 10. That the various wavings in the strata of gneiss, mica slate, clay slate, greywacke, transition slate, and sandstone, are the effects of crystallization. 11. That the general, physical, and geographical distribution of petrifactions in the rust of the earth does not correspond with that of the present existing races of animals and plants. BOTANICAL REPORT. WE have so long neglected informing our readers of the progress of the Botanical Magazine, that we have fallen so greatly into arrears as to oblige us of necessity to be very brief in our remarks; often merely to enumerate. No. 312 contains, CLERODENDRUM tomentosum; called at Port Jackson, in New Holland, where it grows spontaneously, the Cumberland-tree, but for what reason we know not. DIOSMA fragans; a new species of Diosma, shewy, and the more valuable, as be ing powerfully aromatic, without any admixture of the foxy odour so disgusting in many species of this genus. PLATYLOBIUM parviflorum. No figure has been before given of this species, though among the first plants from that country described by Dr, Smith. PYRETHRUM indicum. A new plant, of which seeds were sent from Calcutta by Dr. Roxburgh. It does not seem to have either beauty or any remarkable quality to recommend it, AGAVE lurida. The plant figured by Jacquin under the same name, Mr. Ker informs us, is totally different; though he supposes the alteration made in its specific character, in the new edition of the Hortus Kewensis, was probably owing to Jac quin's figure. HEMANTHUS quadrivalvis. ALLIUM striatum. In a note added to this article Mr. Ker seems to have established that Allium gracile and inodorum, Bot. Mag. (fragrans of Ventenat,) are the same plant; when cultivated in the stove it is gracile, and when in the open ground the same plant becomes the inodorum. No. 313 contains, NYMPHEA pygmæa; first published in the Paradisus Londinensis. MONTHLY MAG. No, 254, 9 A PTEROSPERMUM PTEROSPERMUM suberifolium. DILLWYNIA parvifolia; a new species, of which no account has been before published. RUSSELIA multiflora; Dr. Sims considers this a new species, distinct both from Jacquin's sarmentosa and the rotundifolia of Cavanilles. TILLANDSIA stricta; a beautiful species, not any where before described. WATSONIA marginata (B minor). The margin of the leaves in this variety be comes obsolete. TRITONIA capensis B. PELIOSANTHIS humilis; published before in the Botanist's Repository. In No. 314 we have a beautiful figure of GOMPHOLOSIUM polymorphum; the grandiflorum of Botanist's Repository, but not of Dr. Smith. IXODIA achillaoides. A singular plant, the flower of which very nearly resembles Achillea Plarmica in appearance; but the white rays are not formied by the florets, but by an expanded petal-like appendix to the outer paliæ, or, according to Mr. Brown, of the innermost squamæ of the calyx. COSMEA bipinnata. A very handsome flower. CINERARIA petasitis. A Mexican gigantic species, which Dr. Sims proposes to place in the system betwixt Cineraria tussilaginis and præcox. FRITILLARIA persica a.--FRITILLARIA latifolia (7) lutea.-ENCOMIS punctata (8) striata.-HELONIAS lata 3.-The four last are all varieties of species before pub lished in the Magazine. No. 315 contains, SIDA hastata.-CLITORIA Ternatea-TALINUM reflexum. OXYLOBIUM cordifolium. A New-Holland papilionaceous shrub, first published in the Botanist's Repository. DILLWYNIA ericifolia. Dr. Sims seems to have hesitated whether he ought to consider this as the ericifolia or floribund. In our opinion he has, at last, decided wrong; we have little doubt but that the figure here given as the cricifolia belongs in rea lity to floribunda. CURCUMA Zedoaria. This is not supposed to be 'the plant that produces the Zes doary of the shops, which is more probably the product of Curcuma Zerumbit. PITCAIRNIA angustifolia. We must defer the farther account of this publication till another month. Observations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of March to the 20th of April, 1814, inclusive, Four Miles N.N.W. of St. Paul's. Thermometer. The quantity of rain fallen since the last report is equal to nearly 2 inches in depth. The mean height of the barometer for the month is equal to 29.485, and that of the thermometer is equal to 509. Notwithstanding the unfavorable appearance of the spring when our last report was drawn up, we may now add that the country never put on a more flattering aspect than at the present moment, and there is every prospect of its being a good fruit year. The mildness of the weather, and the favorable rains have done much to revive the hopes of those who depend on the fruits of the earth, either for subsistence, or the gratification of their pleasures. The wind has been variable, but chiefly from the easterly points. Of the twenty-seven days, seventeen have been very brilliant. A remarkable appearance of Aurora Borealis was seen in London on the evening of Sunday the 17th. MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT: THE HE seed business universally in a greater state of forwardness than could have been expected, and, in a short time, will be most successfully finished. The dry weather which succeeded the frost, and the subsequent genial rains, have been equally favorable to culture and to vegetation. The prospect upon the land is glorious. Wheats, from 3 3 1814.] Review of New Musical Publications. 359 their appearance, promise a great crop; and, upon lands and cold clays, where they have suffered in plant, it does not thence follow that they may be less productive, there being, in all probability, full as many plants left, as such land is calculated to seed to a profitable maturity. The spring crops above ground, are yet too backward to afford any solid rule of judgment, but winter tares and rape are probably among the most indifferent crops of the season. The present stormy weather is extremely favorable to the grass crops. The last season was one of the most universal plenty, and the stock of bread corn on hand is great indeed. The same in Ireland, France, and most parts of Europe. Cattle and meat markets declining in price. Smithfield: Beef 5s. 4d. to 6s. 8d.-Mutton 5s. 3d. to 6s. 8d.-Veal 6s. to 8s. 6d.→ Lamb 15d, to 17d.-Pork 6s. to 8s.-Bacon 8s. 8d.--Irish ditto 7s. 4d.-Fat 6s. 6d.Skins 30s. to 70s.-Potatoes 31. to 51.-Cake 161. 16s. to 181, 18s. Corn Exchange: Wheat 50s. to 72s.-Barley 33s. to 41s.-Oats 16s. to 32s.—The quartern loaf 112d.-Hay 31. to 51. 10s.-Clover ditto 41. to 71.-Straw 11. 13s. to 21. 9s. Middlesex, April 21, 1814. REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. Sacred Harmony, a Selection of Hymns; set to Music, with a Thorough-bass for the Organ, by John Burkitt. 128. WE E find in this collection of sacred music near fifty pieces; some of which are for a single voice, some for two voices, and others for three. We have always professed ourselves friends of compositions of this kind, because they extend the activity of a science that in our opinion is, when applied to proper subjects and purposes, as useful as pleas ing. A Sunday evening cannot, perhaps, be better employed than in music of the description of that before us; a more rational relaxation of the mind, after the devotion proper to the day, cannot be conceived than that of a vocal concert on subjects connected with our future and eternal welfare. On this ground, as well as for their general merit, which certainly entitles them to our "honourable report," we highly approve of Mr. Burkitt's pub lication; the subjects are well chosen, the melodies applied to them are appropriate, and the basses and harmonizations are ably constructed and arranged. Were we to point out all the superior hymns of this collection, we certainly should not omit "Spring," "Summer," "Autumn," "Winter," "Resurrection,' "Bethel," "Temple," "Triumph," "Devotion," and "Commencement.' Elegiac Ode for Five Voices. The Words written by the Rev. Thomas Beaumont, and the Music composed by William Horsley, Mus. Bac. Oxon. and by them inscribed to the Memory of their Friend, the late S. Harrison. 3s. This composition consists of two movements: the first, introductory, and in C Minor; the second, in C Major. Mr. Horsley, just to the professional merits of his late friend, has evidently bestowed considerable care on the tribute due to his memory. It is worthy of the object, and worthy of himself. The parts, separately considered, are flowing and melo dious, the points well sustained, and the general construction of that masterly cast to well support the reputation of Mr. H. as a sound and ingenious musician. New Musical Game, to facilitate the Knowledge of the Time Table; by T. Howell, of Bristol. 4s. We consider this contrivance for the purpose of teaching the Time Table, as very ingenious. The author effects his purpose by means of cards; some of which contain certain questions which cards. The rules of this game are few are answered by the contents of other and simple. The cards bearing the questions being separated from those representing the answers, each player draws a card from the former, and that of the longest duration in Time, Notes, or Rests, entitles the drawer to deal the answers to the rest of the party. By this method of proceeding, together with the further procedure which is explained in the accompanying directions, the pupil acquires in the way of amusement what usually de mands considerable study and patience. We ought to notice, that the object of a speedy and easy elucidation of the comparative value of the notes and rests is still further promoted by the annex: tion of the TIME TABLE, SECTIONS of the TIME TABLE, and the Manner, or Method, of showing the Measure, by cha racters and numerical figures, A favourite Duo, composed by Kozeluch; arranged for the Piano-forte, Harp, and Flute, and inscribed to Miss Cheese, of Dublin, by J. Muzzinghi. 58. Mr. Mazzinghi has arranged this Duo with his usual ability. The piece itself was worthy of his labour, and he has done it justice. The three instruments are combined with such skill, both in 3 A 2 respect respect of science and effect, that we think the original author would be pleased with the account to which his composition has been turned. If the composition in its first form, confers honour on the genius and invention of Kozeluch, in its present shape it most favourably exhibits Mr.Mazzinghi's taste, judgment, and contrivance. Concerto da Camera, for the Piano-forte, with Accompaniments for Two Violins, Flute, Viola, and Violoncello. Composed and dedicated to Miss Bishop, by P. A. Corri. 7s. 6d. Mr. Corri, in this concerto, has dis played much of his well-known taste and ingenuity. The passages are conceived with facility, and preserve a connection that leads the ear smoothly forward. The hand, in most instances, is well accommodated, and the effect cannot, generally speaking, fail to be brilliant and striking. We do not, we must confess, meet with much originality; but, nevertheless, a result bordering on novelty prevails through the greater part of the piece, and the lovers of good piano-forte music will derive much pleasure from Mr. Corri's taste and science. MONTHLY REGISTER OF THE PROGRESS OF BRITISH LEGISLATION. ACTS PASSED in the 54th YEAR of the REIGN of GEORGE THE THIRD, or in the SE COND SESSION of the FIFTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM. NAP. I. To enable his Majesty to CAP accept the Services of a Proportion of the Militia out of the United King dom, for the vigorous Prosecution of the War. A bounty of eight guineas given to persons making voluntary offers. The services of 3 field officers may be accepted with 900 men; two field officers with 600 men; and one with 300, &c.; and proportion of other officers according to the establishment. Officers of militia not to take any higher rank than lieutenant-colonels. Officers, whose offers of extended service are accepted, entitled to half pay; but not if they do not join and serve upon being required to supply vacancies; pensions to widows of officers killed on service. Militia officers volunteering to serve in the regular forces to have half pay. Number of men taken from the militia not to exceed 30,000. For a Loan of 22 Mil Cap. II. The usual Mult, Sugar, and Tobacco Bill. Cap. III. lions. Cap. IV. To continue until Six Weeks after the Commencement of the next Session of Parliament, an Act passed in the last Session of l'arliament, intituled an Act to continue and amend an Act of the present Session, to prevent the issuing and circulating of Pieces of Gold and Silver, or other Metal, usually called Tokens, except such as are issued by the Banks of England and Ireland respectively. From and after six weeks from the commencement of the next session of parliament, no piece of gold or silver, or of any mixed metal, shall pass or circulate as a token for money, or as purporting that the bearer or holder thereof is entitled to de mand any value denoted thereon, either by letters, words, figures, or marks; and every person who shall, after six weeks from the commencement of the next session of par liament, circulate or pass as for any no minal value in money or goods any such token, shall for every such token so circu lated or passed, forfeit any sum not less than five pounds, nor more than ten pounds, at the discretion of such justice or justices of the peace who shall hear and de termine such offence; provided that nothing in this Act contained shall extend or be construed to extend to prevent any person from presenting any such token for payment to the original issuer thereof, or to discharge or excuse any such original issuer from his liability to pay the same.And all persons who shall have originally issued or have been concerned in the ori ginal issuing or circulation of any such tokens, and their respective executors and administrators, shall be and they are hereby declared to be liable in law, upon demand made of the value denoted upon the tokens issued by such persons respectively, to pay the same; and the amount of money or value denoted upon any such tokens, may be recovered by the bearer or holder thereof, in any action or suit against the person or persons who shall have originally issuing or circulation of such tokens, in like issued or been concerned in the original missory notes payable to bearer, and issumanner as the amount or value of any pro able by law, may now be recovered, to pay off or discharge the same.-Act does not authorize issue of promissory notes under 20s. and does not extend to tokens of the Bank of England or Ireland. Cap. V. The usual Bill of Indemnity in regard to persons omitting to qualify themselves for offices. Cap. VI. To stay, until the Twentieth Day of April one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, Proceedings in Actions Actions under an Act passed in the Fortythird Year of his present Majesty, to amend the Laws relating to Spiritual Persons. Whereas many of the provisions of an Act passed in the forty-third year of the reign of his present Majesty, intituled au Act to amend the Laws relating to Spiri. tual Persons holding of Farms, and for enforcing the Residence of Spiritual Persons on their Benefices in England, have given occasion to many vexatious prosecutions; which it is expedient to prevent the further proceeding in at present; be it therefore enacted, that from and after the passing of this Act, it shall and may be lawful for the defendant in any action already com 361. menced, or which shall be commenced, for any penalty or forfeiture under the said recited Act of the forty-third year afore-. said, previous to the twentieth day of April one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, to apply to the court in which such action shall be brought, during the sitting of such court, or to any judge of such court during vacation, for stay of proceedings in such action; and such court, and such judge, respectively, are hereby required to stay such proceedings accordingly, until the said twentieth day of April one thou sand eight hundred and fourteen. Cap. VII. Relates to the continuation of Drawbacks on Sugar in Ireland, till the 25th of March 1815. STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN APRIL. Wtion of being enabled to E at length enjoy the satisfac an nounce the fortunate termination of a desolating and murderous War, For twenty-four years prejudice, corruption, or arbitrary power, have vainly opposed themselves to the course of knowledge, reformation, and liberty. Such at least have been the general features of the contest, though the motives and ob jects have been disguised under various names; or have occasionally been so varied or complicated, that the contending interests have been mutual aggressors. In this period perhaps SIX MILLIONS of human beings have fallen in the field of battle; as MANY MORE have been the victims of fire, pestilence, shipwreck, and famine, the consequencesof WAR; and AN EQUAL NUM BER have been destroyed by civil feuds, by the executioners of alternate power, by prolonged imprisonment, or by broken hearts, arising from hopes blasted and fortunes ruined! The WAR has however arrived at a close, attended by consequences which have baffled human foresight,and produced results entirely different from the expectation of those who were the most active in commencing and prolonging it; thereby affording another striking lesson of the folly of placing the last stakes of life and happiness on the uncertainty of any human calculations. If we contrast the exterminating and intolerant proclamation of the Duke of Brunswick, the declaration of the British ambassador at the Hague in 1792, and the protestations of the misled Louis against the constitution of 1791, with the magnanimous declarations in favour of the great principles of public liberty recently made at the Altar of peace by Alexander, and with the free Constitution of the new French government, we shall find cause to rejoice in the ultimate triumph of those principles of liberty, to destroy which has been the unattainable purpose of the war-faction since the year 1790. While, on the other hand, if we compare the wild notions of Marat, Anacharsis Cloots, Chabot, and the anarchists of 1793 and 4, with the rational and efficacious stipulations of the new Constitution, it will be seen that freedom in this last revolution has been secured without being disgraced, and that France now possesses a basis of civil and of superadded religious liberty, superior in many respects to our own glorious Constitution, as a recompence for the sufferings which have been imposed on her, as the dear-bought fruit of so many bloody victories gained by her military leaders, and as some atonement for the sacrifices she has been compelled to make in resisting so many implacable confederacies.* We therefore consider the recent ar rangement *To those of the present generation, who have arrived at maturity since the commencement of these wars, and to others who have not retained the succession of them, we may observe that the deranged king to call an assemblage of the notables state of the French finances, occasioned the or leading men of France in 1787. These being unable to relieve the difficulties of the state, representatives from the nobility, clergy, and people were assembled in 1789; but the measures of this body not being agreeable to the court, plots were formed against them, which provoked an insurrec'tion, and the Bastile was destroyed. In September of that year a national assembly France. In July 1790, the king accepted the met to organise a new constitution for declaration of rights in the Champ de Mars, in |