California; from the socialism of Milwaukee to the tomb of Mt. Vernon; from Monticello to Wall Street; from Tuskegee to the repeal of the Fifteenth Amendment. Four hundred and thirtyfive Congressmen, and after the census next year there will be more, only eight of them dependent upon the suffrage of Mississippi for their seats. Our interests, not always harmonious, are as infinite in variety as the economic theory of that versatile assemblage. Why confer upon this Federal Government, so aptly framed and so well equipped for the conduct of purely federal affairs, power, without responsibility to you, to prescribe the rules by which you must square your daily life. How much wiser to cling to the ancient standard set up by Jefferson himself, "the support of the state governments in all their rights, as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and the surest bulwarks against anti-republican tendencies; the preservation of the General Government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad."

My countrymen, the fathers who founded this Government to insure the blessings of liberty to their posterity understood so clearly the full meaning of their great triumph of independence, and knew so well the long struggle through the ages of those who had fought for liberty, that they were unwilling to commit the full measure of their blood-bought rights into the keeping of any men, and so when they formed the more perfect union, before they entrusted any power to any man, either to make or administer the law, they first set down in a written constitution, beyond the profane touch of any official hand, those fundamental rights which neither Congress nor the President could alter or abridge; and then to make assurance doubly sure, they set up the Judicial Power to lay the restraining hand upon Congress and to nullify and make of no effect any act which ran counter to the Constitution.

Thus was the light of liberty set upon a hill, and so far have its blessed rays spread over the earth since that good day, that the oppressed of all the world have sought our shores in such increasing numbers that it has taxed the wits of our Congressmen to conjure up ways by which to check their immigration. When our beautiful Capitol was built in Washington City, it

was proposed to put a liberty cap upon the figure which was to surmount the dome. Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War, objected because the liberty cap worn by the liberati in Rome had a significance too narrow to measure fully our conception of liberty. All the classic sculpture of the ancients was studied in a vain effort to find an appropriate suggestion. At last the goddess of the classics was agreed upon, but with a headdress borrowed from the American Indian rather in commemoration of his patriotic courage in his losing fight for his hunting grounds than of the ferocious quality of his warriors. Then there was placed in her hands a sword and thus a new character was given to the goddess of the old Celestials and they called her Armed Liberty, the Liberty of Law. Whether she is to remain there depends upon us. If we are to abandon the demonstration of a hundred and thirty years for the experiment of socialism; if we are to forget the ancient standards, to discard as outworn the teachings of the fathers, and turning from Washington and Jefferson and those who wrought so well for liberty in their good company, embrace some new evangel, I fear to hazard a prophecy. When Attic philosophers come, as they surely will come, bringing with them some new, untested faith, it should be the glory of the South, as it will be her duty, to hold their feet upon the ground the while their heads are in the clouds. Here more largely than elsewhere in the Republic, the blood of those who set up this Government as the last hope of man predominates. Here should the traditions of our country be most appealing, here should the ancient standards be last discarded.

Our boys have proved the metal of their pasture on the battlefields of France. They lived up to the best traditions of the South. When the struggle to preserve for our children the constitutional system under which we have so long prospered comes, and it is coming fast, may the historian of the future who chronicles our part in that contest be able to set down opposite our names-These also kept the faith!

WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE

KING

FRANCE AND CANADA

The Right Honorable William Lyon Mackenzie King has been Prime Minister of Canada since 1921. He was born in Kitchener, Ontario, in 1874, graduated from the University of Toronto in 1895, pursued graduate work at the University of Toronto, University of Chicago, and Harvard University. He was Minister of Labor in Canada from 1900 to 1908 and again from 1909 to 1911, and succeeded Sir Wilfrid Laurier as Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1919. This address was delivered on the occasion of the visit to Canada of Marshal Fayolle, and the presentation to the people of Canada of Rodin's bust "Victoire," June 29,

1921.

I VERY much appreciate the honor accorded me by the Right Honorable the Acting Prime Minister of being permitted to join with him in expressing to you, Marshal Fayolle, and your distinguished compatriots, and through you to the President and people of the French Republic, the appreciation felt by the citizens of our Dominion of the visit of the French Mission to our country; and, in particular, on this occasion, the thanks and gratitude of the Government and people of Canada for the gift which you have just made to Canada in the name of France.

It is pleasing to recall at this time that the history of our country begins with the story of the early French missions. They were for the purpose of exploration and of discovery, but more particularly for the promotion of trade and the yet higher purpose of the spread of Christian teaching and Christian civilization in the New World. Now, after the lapse of over three centuries, history repeats itself, under conditions that are vastly changed. Another French mission visits our shores, exploring