The Essence of Dielectric Waveguides“It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress which comes from a satisfactory philosophy of ignorance, the great progress which is the fruit of freedom of thought, to proclaim the value of this freedom, to teach how doubt is not to be feared but welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations” —— Richard Feynman, 1955 —— First, as students from Cal Tech and MIT and then as researchers and teachers from other universities and industry, we are bene?ted greatly from the philo- phy of learning practiced by these and other distinguished universities in the US, namely, learn and teach the fundamentals and not the fashions. Under this guiding light, this comprehensive book was formed, covering the most important modern topics on guided waves. As such, it may be used as a research reference book or as a textbook for senior undergraduate students or ?rst-year graduate students. The lectures for an one-semester or one-quarter course on guided waves along surface wave structures can begin with a review of EM fundamentals (Chap. 2), and then move on to a discussion on the general important and relevant characteristics of these guided surface waves (Chap. 3). Then follows the rigorous analytic treatment for canonical structures (planar, circular, and elliptical) (Chaps. 4–8). By the end of these lectures, the students would have gained a very solid theoretical fo- dation on this subject. Then the fun part starts. |
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223 LeftHanded Medium Metamaterial 810 | 16 |
8212 Waves in Metallic Rectangular Waveguide Filled with Transversely Inhomogeneous Dielectrics | 249 |
8213 Circularly Symmetric Waves Along a Cylindrical Radially Inhomogeneous Dielectric Cylinder | 252 |
822 Structures with Longitudinal Inhomogeneity | 255 |
8221 Longitudinal Periodic Medium | 256 |
8222 Solutions to the Hill Equation | 259 |
8223 Propagation Characteristics of Type II TM Waves in Periodic Structures | 261 |
References | 264 |
Optical Fibers | 265 |
225 Dielectric Medium with Loss 11 | 17 |
226 Nonlinear Medium 17 | 18 |
23 Boundary Conditions Radiation Condition and Edge Condition | 20 |
232 Radiation Condition 3 | 28 |
234 Uniqueness Theorem | 29 |
25 Classification of Fields | 32 |
251 The Debye Potentials | 33 |
252 Basic Wave Types | 34 |
253 Separation of Variables | 39 |
2532 Circular Cylinder Coordinates r 6 z | 40 |
2533 Elliptical Cylinder Coordinates nz The variables and the metrical coefficients are | 41 |
2534 Parabolic Cylinder Coordinates nz The variables and the metrical coefficients are | 42 |
26 Polarization of Waves | 44 |
28 The Impedance Concept 31 | 46 |
29 Validity of the Scalar Wave Approach | 47 |
References | 52 |
Propagation Characteristics of Guided Waves Along a Dielectric | 55 |
32 Formal Approach to the Surface Waveguide Problems | 57 |
Dispersion Relations | 59 |
34 Geometrical Optics Approach | 62 |
35 Attenuation Constant | 65 |
351 Single Mode Case | 66 |
352 Multimode Case | 68 |
36 Signal Dispersion and Distortion | 70 |
37 α and Q | 76 |
38 Excitation of Modes on a Dielectric Waveguide | 79 |
3811 Incident Plane Wave | 81 |
3812 Incident Gaussian Beam | 82 |
382 Excitation Through Efficient Transitions 39 | 85 |
39 Coupled Mode Theory | 87 |
310 Bends and Corners for Dielectric Waveguides | 89 |
311 Systems and Noise | 92 |
References | 96 |
Planar Dielectric Waveguides | 99 |
42 Dielectric Slab Waveguide | 100 |
421 The TM Surface Wave Modes | 101 |
4211 Cutoff Conditions for TM Modes | 103 |
4212 Distribution of Guided Power | 105 |
4213 Attenuation | 106 |
422 The TE Surface Wave Mode | 107 |
423 Special Cases and Numerical Examples | 109 |
43 Leaky Wave in a Heteroepitaxial Film Slab Waveguide 3 | 112 |
431 Leaky Modes along an Asymmetric Dielectric Waveguide | 114 |
432 Approximate Solutions of the Characteristic Equations | 115 |
44 Multilayered Dielectric Slab Waveguides 4 | 118 |
45 Coupling Between Two Parallel Dielectric Slab Waveguides 5 | 122 |
46 The SommerfeldZenneck Surface Impedance Waveguide 6 | 131 |
References | 135 |
Circular Dielectric Waveguides | 136 |
51 Fundamental Equations | 138 |
52 Modes on Uniform Solid Core Circular Dielectric Cylinder | 139 |
521 Dispersion Relations | 141 |
522 Cutoff Conditions | 144 |
523 Attenuation | 147 |
5232 The Perturbation Approach | 148 |
524 Field Configurations | 150 |
53 The SommerfeldGoubau Wire | 152 |
54 Modes on Radially Inhomogeneous Core Circular Dielectric Cylinder | 155 |
542 Selected Examples | 160 |
543 Hollow Cylindrical Dielectric Waveguide | 165 |
55 Experimental Determination of Propagation Characteristics of Circular Dielectric Waveguides | 167 |
552 Measured Results | 172 |
56 Summary and Conclusions | 176 |
References | 177 |
Elliptical Dielectric Waveguides | 179 |
61 Formulation of the Problem | 180 |
62 Boundary Conditions | 184 |
63 Mode Classifications | 188 |
64 The Dispersion Relations | 189 |
641 Cutoff Frequencies of Modes | 197 |
642 Transition to Circular CrossSection | 199 |
643 Approximate Characteristic Equations | 201 |
644 Propagation Characteristics | 203 |
6441 The Even Dominant eHE11 Mode | 204 |
6442 The Odd Dominant oHE11 Mode | 205 |
6443 Higher Order eoHEnm Modes | 206 |
645 Field Configurations of the Dominant Modes | 207 |
646 Attenuation Calculation | 209 |
65 Weakly Guiding Elliptical Dielectric Waveguides 1315 | 210 |
66 Experimental Results | 214 |
67 Comments | 218 |
Approximate Methods | 221 |
7111 The Eynm Modes | 223 |
7112 The Ezm Modes | 229 |
712 Examples | 230 |
72 The Circular Harmonics Method | 231 |
73 Experimental Measurements | 238 |
References | 240 |
Inhomogeneous Dielectric Waveguides | 241 |
811 Rectangular Coordinates xy z | 242 |
812 Spherical Coordinates r 0 j | 243 |
813 Circular Cylindrical Coordinates p 0 z | 244 |
82 Applications | 245 |
821 Structures with Transverse Inhomogeneity | 246 |
92 Dispersion | 271 |
922 Waveguide Dispersion | 272 |
923 Total Dispersion | 273 |
93 Attenuation | 276 |
95 Selected Solutions to the Propagation Equation | 282 |
96 Wavelength Division Multiplexed Beams WDM | 284 |
961 BitParallel WDM SingleFiber Link | 286 |
9621 The Transmitter | 287 |
9623 The Receiver | 289 |
97 Concluding Remarks | 290 |
References | 291 |
Solitons and WDM Solitons | 294 |
101 Nonlinear Refractive Index | 296 |
102 The Nonlinear Pulse Propagation Equation | 298 |
103 Solution of the Nonlinear Pulse Propagation Equation | 305 |
104 Nonlinear Pulse Propagation for WDM Beams CrossField Modulation Effects | 307 |
1041 SelfPhase Modulation SPM and CrossPhase Modulation CPM | 309 |
1042 Normalized Nonlinear Propagation Equations for WDM Beams | 310 |
105 Soliton on a Single Beam | 311 |
1052 Dark Solitons | 313 |
1061 Pulse Shepherding Effect Dynamic Control of InFlight Pulses with a Shepherd Pulse 9 | 314 |
10611 Without Shepherd Pulse | 315 |
10612 With Shepherd Pulse | 316 |
1062 Enhanced Pulse Compression in a Nonlinear Fiber by a WDM Optical Pulse 10 | 319 |
10621 Shepherding and Primary Pulses are all in the Anomalous Dispersion Region | 320 |
10622 The Shepherd Pulse is in the Normal Dispersion Region and the Primary Pulse is in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime | 326 |
1063 Generation of TimeAligned Picosecond Pulses on WavelengthDivision Multiplexed Beams in a Nonlinear Fiber 11 | 328 |
10631 Generation of TimeAligned Pulses | 329 |
10633 Experimental Setup and Results | 330 |
1064 Bit Parallel WDM Solitons | 334 |
References | 337 |
Ultra Low Dielectric Waveguides | 339 |
1111 Normal Mode Solution | 340 |
1113 Relationship Between Geometrical Loss Factors for TELike Mode and for TMLike Mode | 343 |
112 Experimental Verification | 345 |
113 An Example of LowLoss Terahertz Ribbon Waveguide 15 | 350 |
References | 356 |
Plasmon Sub WavelengthWaveguides | 359 |
121 TM Wave Guidance Along a Metallic Substrate | 360 |
122 TM Wave Guidance Along a Metallic Film 1213 | 365 |
123 Wave Guidance by Metal Ribbons | 371 |
124 SPP Waves Along Cylindrical Structures | 373 |
1242 HE Waves | 381 |
125 Nanofibers Subwavelength Guiding Structures | 382 |
126 Conclusions and Discussion | 385 |
References | 387 |
Photonic Crystal Waveguide | 389 |
132 StopBand and PassBand Property | 391 |
133 DielectricRod Array Waveguide | 393 |
134 Band Gap and Waveguide Bends | 394 |
135 Photonic Bandgap Fiber | 396 |
136 Analytical Study of Surface Wave Propagation Along a Periodic Structure | 397 |
References | 406 |
Metamaterial and Other Waveguide | 408 |
1412 Reflection and Transmission of Electromagnetic Waves by a Moving Plasma Medium | 410 |
1413 Mode Propagation Along Moving Dielectric Slabs 1 | 418 |
14131 TE Modes | 419 |
14132 TM Modes | 420 |
1414 Mode Propagation Along a Moving Dielectric Cylinder | 421 |
1415 Wave Propagation on a Moving Plasma Column | 425 |
142 Anisotropic Medium Waveguides | 429 |
143 Metamaterial Artificial Dielectric Waveguides | 435 |
1431 Some Special Properties of Metamaterial 12 | 436 |
14312 Snells Law for n0 | 437 |
14314 Fresnel Formulas | 439 |
14315 Formation of Metamaterials | 441 |
1432 Metamaterial Surface Waveguides | 442 |
References | 449 |
Selected Numerical Approaches | 451 |
151 Outer Radiation Boundary Condition ORBC for Computational Space | 452 |
1521 Circular Fiber | 461 |
1522 Rectangular Structures | 463 |
1523 Triangular Dielectric Guides | 466 |
1524 Elliptical Dielectric Guide | 467 |
1525 Single Material Fiber Guide | 468 |
1526 Concluding Remarks | 470 |
1531 Formulation of the Problem and the Numerical Approach | 471 |
1532 Gaussian Beam Propagation in a Radially Inhomogeneous Fiber | 474 |
1533 Fiber Couplers | 478 |
1534 Fiber Tapers and Horns | 485 |
1535 ωβ Diagram from BPM | 486 |
15351 The StepIndex Circular Fiber | 491 |
15352 GradedIndex Circular Fiber | 492 |
15353 Rectangular Fiber | 493 |
15354 Elliptical Fiber | 495 |
15356 DiffusedChannel Rectangular Waveguide | 496 |
154 Finite Difference Time Domain Method FDTD | 498 |
1542 Ribbon Waveguide Assembled from Dielectric Rods | 499 |
1543 Dielectric Waveguide Transitions | 500 |
155 Concluding Remarks | 504 |
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amplitude Appl approximate attenuation constant boundary conditions circular dielectric co-propagating coefficient coordinates core region coupling cross-sectional cutoff frequency defined dielectric constant dielectric cylinder dielectric rod dielectric slab dielectric waveguide dispersion relation dominant mode electromagnetic Fiber field components fields Figure film finite element first free-space function Gaussian beam given group velocity guided modes guided power guided wave guiding structure HE11 mode high dielectric constant IEEE index profile infinite inhomogeneous loss low-loss magnetic field Mathieu functions Maxwell equations medium metamaterial multimode nonlinear normalized obtained optical fiber order modes permittivity Phys plasma primary pulse problem propagation characteristics propagation constant pulse width radiation rectangular reflection ribbon waveguide scalar wave shepherd pulse shown single mode single-mode soliton solutions surface wave symmetric tangential terahertz TM modes transverse electric field values vector wave equation wave propagation wavelength WDM beams weakly guiding zero
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Стр. vii - It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress and great value of a satisfactory philosophy of ignorance, the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to proclaim the value of this freedom, to teach how doubt is not to be feared but welcomed and discussed and to defend this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. — RP FEYNMAN, Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics, California Institute of Technology. This editorial is based on an address, "The value of science,"...