Bp. White, Bramhall, Scrivener, Hammond.

33

"In

matcheth it with the sacri- ly, and I cannot understand fice of the Jews. And we what you can desire more. know the rule of compari- To make it a suppletory sons, they must be ejusdem Sacrifice, to supply the degeneris... fects of the only true Sacri"From the Sacrament, is fice of the Cross, I hope both the applying the Sacrifice. you and I abhor." The Sacrifice, in general, And Scrivener7: pro omnibus. The Sacra- like manner, and much ment, in particular, to each more effectually, may we several receiver, pro singulis. say, that the action of the Wherein that is offered to Eucharist presents to God us, that was offered for us: the Sacrifice of Christ's that which is common to all, Death and Mediation made made proper to each one, by Him for mankind, eswhile each taketh his part pecially those that are imof it; and made proper by mediately concerned in that a communion, and union, Sacrament; from which melike that of meat and drink, tonymical Sacrifice what which is most nearly and great and rich benefits may inwardly made ours, and is we not expect!" inseparable for ever."

And Dr. Hammond 8:And Bishop White:- "This commemoration hath "Because His bloody Sa- two branches,-one of praise crifice upon the Cross is, by and thanksgiving to God this unbloody commemora- for this mercy, the other of tion represented, called to annunciation or showing remembrance, and applied." forth, not only first to And Archbishop Bram- men, but secondly, and eshall:-"We acknowledge pecially, to God,-this saa representation of that Sa- crifice of Christ's offering crifice to God the Father; we up His Body upon the acknowledge an imputation Cross for us. That which of the benefit of it; we main- respecteth or looks towards tain an application of its vir- men, is a professing of our tue: so here is a commemo- faith in the Death of Christ; rative, impetrative, applica- that which looks towards tive Sacrifice. Speak distinct- God, is our pleading before 5 Reply to Fisher. 6 Works, p. 35, 36. 7 Course of Divinity, Book i. chap. 44. 8 Quoted in Bishop of Oxford's Eucharistica, p. 166.

D

34

"Propitiatory" to obtain favour of God

Him that Sacrifice of His unto Him, humbly requirown Son, and through that, ing that grace and pardon, humbly and with affiance, with all other benefits of it, requiring the benefits there- may be bestowed upon us. of, grace and pardon, to be And as the minister doth bestowed upon us. And most powerfully pray in the then God's part is the ac- virtue of Christ's Sacrifice cepting of this our bounden when he represents it unto duty, bestowing that Body God, so do the people also and Blood of Christ upon when they show unto Him us, not by sending it down what His Son hath suffered." locally for our bodies to But, in truth, whosoever feed on, but really for our believeth that there is an souls to be strengthened Oblation to God in the Holy and refreshed by it." Eucharist, by which, plead

And Bishop Patrick' :— ing the Death of Christ be"For remembrance (ává- fore the Father, we obtain μvnois) doth not barely sig- favour from Him, believes a nify recording or registering "propitiatory" action in the of His favours in our mind, only sense in which it is bebut commemoratio, a so-lieved at all, which is to lemn declaration that we do "render God propitious." well bear them in our hearts, The doctrine lies equally in and will continue the me- the simple words of Bishop mory and spread the fame Andrewes1, from the Liof Him as far and as long turgy of St. Chrysostom :as ever we are able... "Thou Who sittest on high "1. We do show forth with the Father, and art the Lord's death, and de- here invisibly present with clare it unto men. us, come Thou to sanctify "2. We do show it forth the gifts laid before Thee, unto God, and commemo- and those for whom, and by rate before Him the great whom, and for what reason things He hath done for us. soever they are offered." We keep it, as it were, in This, which is contained His memory, and plead be- in Bishop Andrewes' simfore Him the Sacrifice of ple but comprehensive His Son, which we show words, is the only doctrine

? Quoted in Bishop of Oxford's Eucharistica, p. 166.
1 Devotions.

through the One Sacrifice of Christ.

35

which I ever meant, in any remissionem pœnæ aut culpæ of my books, to teach, that pro vivis et defunctis,' which God the more accepts our are pronounced blasphema prayers for ourselves or for figmenta et perniciosæ imothers, whether for forgive- posturæ;' but not 'missarum ness of sins, for increase of sacrificia,' as understood by grace, for the well being of the Fathers, and in an orthothe Church, or for what- dox sense. The article was soever else is according to directed against the errors His Will, when united with maintained or countenanced the Memorial of His All by such men as Soto, HarAtoning and alone Merito- dinge3, &c., who by rejecting rious Sacrifice, which He the doctrine of a sacrifice by instituted and commanded way of commemoration and the Church to celebrate. consecration, and not literally But while I say that this is identical with that on the the only doctrine, I do not Cross, and by their crude mean it, as lowering that and objectionable mode of doctrine, but this only, that expression, countenanced the Sacrifice or Oblation in the vulgar error, that the the Eucharist has its efficacy, sacrifice of the Eucharist or only by pleading and apply-mass, was in every respect ing the One Sacrifice of the equal to that of Christ on Cross." the Cross; and that it was

I may quote again the in fact either a reiteration or words of Mr. Palmer :-a continuation of that sacri"Secondly, the Church of fice. The Article was not England has always ac- directed against the doctrine knowledged such a sacrifice. of the Eucharistic Sacrifice as The 31st Article is directed explained by Bossuet, Veron, against the vulgar and here- and others, with which we tical doctrine of the reitera- have no material fault to tion of Christ's Sacrifice in find. Cranmer himself acthe Eucharist. It was only knowledged that it might be those missarum sacrificia called a sacrifice 1; and our quibus vulgo dicebatur, sacer- theologians, such as Bramdotem offerre Christum in hall, Beveridge, Patrick,

2 Treatise of the Church, Part VI. ch. x.

3 Courayer, Défense de la Dissertation, t. ii. part i. p. 223. 4 See vol. i. p. 525,

36

The "Learned Mede;" "propitiates"

Wilson, Bishops; and Ma- rite they took to be this: son, Field, Mede, Johnson, That as Christ, by presenting &c., always have taught the His Death and Satisfaction Eucharistic altar, sacrifice, to His Father, continually and oblation, according to intercedes for us in Heaven; Scripture and apostolical so the Church on earth tradition; and the Articles semblably approaches the of the Church of England Throne of Grace, by reprerecognize the clergy in their senting Christ unto His various orders as sacerdotes, Father in these Holy Mysiɛpes, ministers of sacrifice." teries of His Death and

I will add one more pas- Passion. . . . . These things sage from a writer, always thus explained, let us now held in reputation of our see by what testimonies and Church, in which he adopts authorities it may be proved the word "propitiation" as the Ancient Church had this found in the Ancient Fa- meaning. I will begin with thers. The familiar epithet St. Ambrose, because his mostly joined to his name,- testimony is punctual to our as that of "judicious is explication. Offic. lib. i. to that of Hooker, "the cap. 48. Heretofore (unlearned Mede," shows how der the Law) was wont to he has been appreciated be offered a lamb and a bulby our Church. "Instead, lock. (Exod. xxix.) But therefore, of the slaying of now (under the Gospel) beasts and burning of in- Christ is offered; but He is cense, whereby they called offered as a Man, and as one upon the Name of God in that suffered; and He also the Old Testament; the as a Priest offers Himself, Fathers, I say, believed our for the forgiveness of our Saviour ordained the Sacra- sins. Here (on earth) this ment of Bread and Wine, as is done in a resemblance and a rite whereby to give thanks representation; there (in and make supplication to Heaven) in truth, where He His Father in His Name." as our Advocate intercedes "The mystery of which for us with His Father.'

"Quoties eucharistiam celebramus, toties Christum in mysterio offerimus, eundemque per modum commemorationis seu repræsentationis immolamus."-Mason. de Minister. Anglic. lib. v. c. 1. p.

6 Christian Sacrifice, c. vi.

the doctrine of the Ancient Church.

37

An author which Cassander for the whole state of Christ's in his Consultations, quotes, Church, and all sorts and without name, expresses this degrees therein, together mystery fully: Christ is with all other their suits and not wickedly slain by us, requests; and that ever and but piously sacrificed, and anon interposing the word thus we show the Lord's poopépoμev, 'we offer unto Death till He come; for we Thee,' for these and these, by Him do that here on earth that is, we commemorate lowlily, which He (as a Son Christ in this mystical rite to be heard for His reverence for them." or piety) doth for us in And he cites Eusebius, Heaven powerfully and pre- who, after speaking of Bishvailingly, where He as our ops who at a council gave Advocate mediates for us instructions by discourses with the Father, Whose of Theology or interpretaoffice it is to intercede for tions of the deeper meaning us, and to present that flesh of Holy Scripture, adds, which He took for us and of "Those who were not equal us, to God the Father in our to these things, propitiated behalf."" God by unbloody sacrifices

Then, after quoting St. and sacramental immolaCyril of Jerusalem, whom I tions in behalf of the comhave cited above, he says mon peace, of the Church that it is the manner of the of God, of the Emperor Greek liturgies, (to which I himself, offering to God have also referred,)-imme- suppliant prayers for him diately upon the consecration who was the author of these of the Dona (viz. the Bread great benefits, and his godly and Wine) to be the symbols children."

of the Body and Blood of The same he supposes to Christ, and the Commemo- be the meaning of a passage ration thereon of His Pas- of Tertullian 7; and theresion, Resurrection and As- upon adds: "The same cension,- to offer to the with Tertullian means St. Divine Majesty, as it were Austin, describing the over the Lamb of God then Christian sacrifice to be, lying upon the Table, their immolare Deo in Corpore supplications and prayers, Christi sacrificium Laudis,'

7 De Orat. c. 11. He had a wrong reading.