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UNITED WITH

The Friends' Journal.

PHILADELPHIA, NINTH MONTH 26, 1885.

PUBLISHED WEEKIY BY THE

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PUBLISHERS" NOTICES.

**On and after 10th mo. 1st, the office of THE INTELLIGENCER AND JOURNAL, heretofore at 1020 Arch St., will be at 921 Arch Street, (2nd floor.) All correspondence, whether for the editors or on business, is requested to be addressed there; and in general persons having business with the paper will procure its transaction there.

For the convenience of those who may prefer to pay their subscriptions at the book-store of Friends' Book Association, arrangements have been made by which it will act as our agent for that purpose. The store is now at 1020 Arch, but will be removed, at a future date, to 15th and Race Streets.

** Attention of our subscribers is called to the fact that we can supply other publications, in connection with the INTELLIGENCER AND JOURNAL, at a discounted rate. We will take orders for a limited list of reputable periodicals, (weeklies and monthlies), and will furnish the rate of charge to any who wish to know with the view of ordering. Persons making up their lists of reading for 1886 should take this opportunity of reducing the cost.

*** The paper is now mailed early enough, (about 24 hours sooner than it was), to reach all subscribers except those very remote, before First-day. As we presume that this is most satisfactory to them, we shall be glad to know of any points the paper does not reach so early.

A watchful supervision is exercised over the advertisements in this paper, and none which are not entitled to credit will be knowingly admitted. Advertisements of a low or doubtful character are, of course, rigidly excluded. The value of our advertising space is by this oversight materially enhanced, as the appearance of an announcement in the paper is, to a certain extent, evidence of its trustworthiness.

*** In answering advertisements in this paper, either personally or by letter, please name this paper. This will be to the advantage of all parties concerned

AMOS HILLBORN & Co.,

Furniture, Bedding, Curtains.

PARLOR, DINING ROOM, LIBRARY
AND CHAMBER FURNITURE, CUR-
TAINS AND FURNITURE COVERINGS
MATTRESSES, BEDS, FEATHERS,
SPRINGS, SPRING COTS, ETC., ETC.

Nos. 21 and 23 N. Tenth Street, and 912

and 914 Race Street, Phila.

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Acts as Executor, Administrator, Assignee, etc., alone or in connection with an individual appointee. Executes trusts of every description known to the law. All trust assets kept separate from those of the Company. Burglar-Proof Safes to rent at $5 to $60 per annum. Wills kept in Vaults without charge. Bonds, Stocks and other valuables taken under guarantee. Paintings, Statuary, Bronzes, etc., kept in Fire-Proof Vaults. Money received on deposit at interest.

JAMES LONG, President; JOHN G. READING, Vice-President; MAHLON H. STOKES, Treasurer and Secretary; D. R. PATTERSON, Trust Officer. DIRECTORS.-Jas. Long, Alfred S. Gillett, Joseph Wright, Dr. Charles P. Turner, Wm. S. Price, John T. Monroe, W. J. Nead, Thos. R. Patton, John G. Reading, Wm. H. Lucas, D. Hayes Agnew, M.: D., Jos. I. Keefe, Robert Patterson, Theodore C. Engel, Jacob Naylor, Thomas G. Hood, Edward L. Perkins, Philadelphia; Samuel Riddle, Glen Riddle, Pa.; Dr. George W. Reiley, Harrisburg, Pa., J. Simpson Africa, Huntingdon; Henry S. Eckert, Reading; Edmund S. Doty, Mifflintown; W. W. H. Davis, Doylestown; R. E. Monaghan, West Chester: Charles W. Cooper, Allentown.

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This Company furnishes ALL DESIRABLE FORMS of LIFE and ENDOWMENT INSURANCE at actual NET
COST. It is PURELY MUTUAL; has ASSETS of nearly TEN MILLIONS and a SURPLUS of about Two MILL-
ITS POLICIES ARE NON-FORFEITABLE AND INCONTESTABLE.I
SAMUEL C. HUEY, President.
HENRY C. BROWN, Secretary.

IONS.

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The Keystone Woven Wire Mattress.

The best, most durable and comfortable SPRING MATTRESS in use. Made to suit any bedstead.

WM. H. JONES,

The Dealer in Agricultural Im-
plements, Seeds and Fertili-
zers. Removed to 2043 and
2045 Market St., Philadelphia,
Pa. Cheapest and largest variety.
Every conceivable implement of
farm use, harness, seeds and fertil-
izers. It is a curiosity, and of
great interest to every utilitarian
to see the establishment. If you
cannot get here, write for wants
I am in communication with all
the Agricultural implement buil-
ders in the U. S.

ALWAYS A SPECIAL BARGAIN ROOM.

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WM. HEACOCK,

UNDERTAKER,

No. 1508 Brown Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

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COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

Office, 1200 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

A LEADING SCHOOL OF BUSINESS SCIENCES.
OCCUPIES TWO COMMODIOUS BUILDINGS.

Open all the year. Students may commence at any time.
A Faculty of 19 instructors and lecturers, Superior facilities
for training young men and women in the Forms, Customs and
Practice of current business procedure, and for the successful
conduct of private and public affairs. Send for illustrated cir-
culars. THOS. J. PRICKETT, PRINCIPAL.

WILSON JUNIOR PEDIGREE BLACKBERRY

The largest, best, and most productive Early Blackberry, 31⁄4 inches around, from seed of selected Wilson's Early.

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A FRIENDS FAMILY IN THE NORTHERN

part of the City, will take a few young lady students as boarders. Home instruction in various branches will be given if desired. Reference Given.

Address M. B. Office of Friends' Intelligencer.

WANTED.-SMALL ADULT FAMILY TO

take furnished house and board occupants for rent.
Address H. T., Office Friends' Intelligencer.

MOTHER AND DAUGHTER WISH BOARD

ing with a Friends' family by Oct. 1st, in vicinity of 15th and Race sts. Address, 1903 Arch St.

E. & M. E. COPE, PLAIN AND FASHIONA

ble Millinery, 446 Franklin Street, (formerly 212 Arch St.) Philadelphia. Moderate prices.

LEHIGH AND SCHUYLKILL COAL.

Best Quality, Carefully Prepared. Delivered in Chute Wagons. AQUILA J. LINVILL, (late of Truman and Linvill), 1244 North Ninth Street.

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COOPER & CONARD,

9TH & MARKET STS., PHILA. CLOTHS AND CASSIMERES.

A Nice Assortment always on hand suitable for Plain and Fashionable Garments.

PLAIN COATS A SPECIALTY.

GUSTAVUS GOLZE, MERCHANT TAILOR,
109 N. Tenth Street, Philadelphia.

BAUGH'S $25 PHOSPHATE

TRADE MARK

Contains the Life and Essence of Animal
Bones. We are now selling Baugh's Strict-
ly Pure Raw Bone Meal, also Baugh's
Ready Dissolved Pure Animal Bones, at
very low prices. It would surprise farm-
ers to know how very low they can pro-
cure these brands from us.
Send your
name and address, and we will mail you
our PHOSPHATE GUIDE.

BAUGH & SONS, 20 S. Del. Ave. Philada., Pa.

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INTELLIGENCER.

Vol. xlii.

No. 33.

}

UNITED WITH

The Friends' Journal.

PHILADELPHIA, NINTH MONTH 26, 1885.

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IT

T was about the middle of the seventeenth century, that a poor apprentice in Derbyshire felt called upon by the spirit of God to go and preach against the tyranny and corruption of the times. Through trials and temptations, through imprisonments and persecutions, he steadily obeyed the voice within, and slowly gathered around him a band of like-minded men and women, who called themselves Friends. This is the origin of the Society of Friends or Quakers.

Quakerism was a reäction against the wickedness of the court, the scandalous worldliness of the Established Church, and the narrowness of the non-conformists. It was a cry for purity, fraternity, and equality; a plea for religious reform with toleration; a demand for the rights of man as man in the church as well as in the commonwealth. It taught that the only authority over a man was the spirit of God which was in him, "the Light that lighteth every man that cometh into the world." In accordance with this idea of personal liberty and responsibility the Friends adopted no written creed; their Discipline is merely a guide for the conduct of meetings, and the regulation of outward behavior.

They believed that the spirit of God was in all men, independent of race, sex or condition; and that the only means by which it could be removed was the

1An essay read at Vassar College, Sixth Month, 1885, by Lucy Davis, of the graduating class.

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constant disobedience of all its promptings, the constant yielding to evil passions.

Such a doctrine was far in advance of the age in which it was propounded and was regarded as little less than seditious. The world could not believe that a people who, in vulgar parlance, "declared themselves as good as anybody else," would obey any laws. Especially the authorities could not believe they would make good citizens when they refused to pay tithes and war taxes, to take the oath of allegiance, or to doff the hat, or bow the knee to the king. It took long years to prove that Friends were the most law-abiding of men; that the principles of peace which forbade their contributing to defray the expenses of war also forbade their quarreling among themselves; kept them from drunken brawls and duels. Their refusal to pay tithes was because of their belief in an individual, not a state religion, and was a step in the direction of religious toleration. This was going beyond the Puritans, who, when they later obtained religious freedom for themselves in the American colony, denied it to others.

The refusal of the Friends to remove their hats was a slight thing, yet it brought upon them trouble and persecution. To them it was the symbol that all men were equal; to the world, it was a despising of authority. In the same way their use of the plain language gave offense. The Friends said, “It is not the truth to address one person as if he were a company; to use you instead of thou; to call a man, master, or a woman mistress, when you do not so regard them." This scrupulousness they doubtless carried too far, but who was harmed thereby?

Besides their language, their dress distinguished them. By the plainness and neatness of their garb, they set an example to all of cleanliness and sobriety. And it must have been a striking example if such a man as Voltaire would remark upon it. Their dress also served as a safe-guard against temptation, for the wearer was often arrested by the thought of the inconsistency between it and his behavior. The Friends carried their love of simplicity to their meeting houses, and the conduct of the meetings. The land on which the house stood was not consecrated, for the whole earth was good in the sight of the Lord. The inside of the house was whitewashed; the floor was filled with benches; there was no pulpit, but the elders sat in raised seats facing the rest.

At their worship there was no presiding clergyman, no religious ceremonial. The Friends met in a

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