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WANTED

A suitable Friend as Matron of Friends' Boarding House. Application to be made to R. N. WEBSTER,

2031 Locust St., Philad'a.

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LEWIS'98 per ct. LYE.

POWDERED AND PERFUMED. (PATENTED )

The STRONGEST and PUREST Lye made Will make 12 lbs. of the BEST Perfumed Hard Soap in 20 minu'es, WITHOUT BOILING. It is the best for Disinfecting sinks, closets, drains, etc. Photographers' and machinists' uses. Foundrymen, bolt and nut makers. For engineers as a boiler cleaner and anti-incrustator. For brewers and bottlers, for washing barrels, bottles, etc. For painters to remove old paints. For washing trees, etc, etc.

PENNA. SALT MANUF'G CO.,
Gen. Agts., Phila, Pa.

SPENCERIAN

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For correspondents,

Nos, 2 and 3

ARE THE BEST.

PENS.

For expert writers,

Nos. 1 and 24.

ARE THE BEST.

OUR HEALTHFUL HOME. Invalids can enter this pleasantly situated Sanatorium, any time, for treatment. Our accommodations are first-class, We have soit spring water, dry invigorating air, fine walks SOLD BY ALL DEALERS IN STATIONERY. and drives, with the advantages of both eity and country, Dr. A. SMITH is very successful in healing the sick, with his comprehensive system of medical treatment, Invalids cannot find a better home. Terms reasonable, send for our circulars. Address, A. SMITH, M.D.,

OUR HEALTHFUL HOME, Reading, Pa.

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SUPERIOR TEXT BOOKS

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Address for Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Southern New Jersey and District of Columbia.

JOHN A. M. PASSMORE,

Pottsville, Pa.

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MEYNEN & CO.

ARTISTS and PHOTOGRAPHERS,

ONLY FIRST-CLASS WORK,

S. W. COR. FRANKLIN AND GREEN STS., PHILADElphia.
FRIENDS' WEDDING INVITATIONS-WRITE FOR SAMPLES-NO CHARGE,

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WHAT $5.00 WILL BUY.

If $5.00 is sent to us, either by Registered Letter, Postal Note, Bank Check, or Post Office Order, we will send either one of the following orders :—Order No. 1: We will send 6 pounds of good Black, Green, Japan or mixed Tea, and 18 pounds of good mild or strong roasted Coffee. Order No. 2: We will send 30 pounds of good mild or strong Roasted Coffee. Order No. 3: We will send

5 pounds of real good Black, Green, Japan, or Mixed Tea, and 15 pounds of fine mild or strong Roasted Coffee. Order No. 4: We will send 25 pounds of real good, mild or strong Roasted Coffee. Persons may club together, and get one of these Orders, and we will divide it to suit the Club, sending it all to one address. To those who wish to purchase in larger quantities, we will sell at much less reduction. The Tea and Coffee will be securely packed, and sent by Express or Freight, whichever is ordered Samples of any of the above orders will be sent Free by Mail to examine. In ordering, please say whether Order N›. 1, 2, 3, or 4, is desired. Call on or address WM. INGRAM & SON, Tea Dealers, 31 North Second Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

CLEMENT A. WOODNUIT, UNDERTAKER,

REMOVED TO

No. 1215 North Fifteenth Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

THE REVISED VERSION

OF THE

HOLY BIBLE

ENGLISH EDITION.

NOW READY AND IN STOCK.

Prices range from 75 cents up.
Specimen Catalogue sent free upon application.

ORDERS BY MAIL FOR BOOKS OR STATIONERY PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.

FEI NDS' BOOK ASSOCIATION

1020 ARCH STRET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

ISAAC G. TYSON

Photographic Art Studio,

NO. 818 ARCH STREET

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FHILAZELPHIA.

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE

30 Minutes from Broad St. Station, Philad’a.

Under the care of Friends, but all others admitted. Full college course for both sexes; Classical, Scientific and Literary. Also a Preparatory School. Healthful and apparatus. location, large grounds, new and extensive buildings

For catalogue and full particulars, address,

EDWARD H. MAGILL, A.M., PRESIDENT,

Swarthmore, Pa.

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The Fall and Winter Term of this Institution will commence on the 14th of 9 mo. (Sept.) next.

The school has a healthy and beautiful location, with extensive grounds, and has been uniformly successful since its establishment, twenty-five years ago.

The advantages of an Academical and Collegiate education are fully secured, and Diplomas are granted. Terms, $180 per school year.

For Illustrated Circular, and Catalogue giving full particulars, address the Principal,

RICHARD DARLINGTON, PH.D.,
West Chester, Penn'a.

FAVORED BY THE CLERGY.

THE FAMILY REMEDY FOR

Constipation,

Headache,

Dyspepsia,

AND DISEASES ARISING FROM A DIS-
ORDERED OR WEAK STOMACH.

A prominent Divine of Charleston, S.C., writes under date of Dec. 3, 1883: -I very willingly bear testimony to the value of TARRANTS SELTZER APERIENT. It has been in use in my family for many years. I never travel without it, and have found it of special value as a preventative or corrective of sea-sickness. I have been enabled by it to relieve many who were suffering from this most distressing malady, and who found other remedies ineffective."

SUPERIOR

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Spectacles & Eye Glasses, SPRINGETT COTTAGE,

PHOTOGRAPHIC OUTFITS,

MICROSCOPES,

TELESCOPES, FIELD-GLASSES,

MAGIC LANTERNS, BAROMETERS,

SIXTH AVE. WEST OF WEBB STREET,

ASBURY PARK, N. J.

RE-OPENS JUNE IST.

MARY A. PAFF.

THERMOMETERS, DRAWING INSTRUMENTS, PHILO WEARY WORKERS & NERVOUS SUFFERERS

SOPHICAL AND CHEMICAL APPARATUS. List and Descriptions of our Ten Catalogues sent FREE

on application.

Will find DR. SHATTUCK'S
REST CURE,

At Bloomsburgh, Pa., an enjoyable home at which to rest or get well. The patronage

QUEEN & CO. intrunnge of Friends, of whom we had a goodly number last season is

No. 924 Chestnut Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

FOR SALE,

One of the finest five acre building sites in the vicinity

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of Media. Situate on the Providence Great Road, FRIENDS' MARRIAGE CERTIFICATES,

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Agricultural Implements, Seeds aud Fertilizers.
The Cheapest and Largest Variety. At
2043 and 2045 Market Street, Philadel- | for $3.40.
phia. Pa.

Reapers, Binders and Mowers of the leading kinds Horse Rakes, Hay Tedders, Grain Drills, Threshing Machines, Agricultural Portable Engines, Wind Engines of various kinds, Force and Suction Pumps, Grain Feed Mills of all sizes and kinds, Hay Forks and Elevators, Wagons and Carts, Chilled Steel and Cast Plows of all varieties and sizes, Belle City, Baldwin and Telegraph Feed Cutters of all sizes, also various other kinds, Harrows of every device conceivable. Kemp's Manure and Philpot's Fertilizer Spreaders the Union Grain rill, and other kinds, Meat Cutters from the smallest to Jumbo size; Farm Boilers and Hog Scalders, Corn Shellers, from "Pet" size to the capacity of 5000 bushels per day. I am in communication with all the Agricultural Implement builders in the United States.

Send for circulars of any kind of goods wanted.

WANTED.

A Teacher of French and German; must speak them fluently
and in addition, be able to teach the common English branches.
Testimonials required. Friend preferred. Address,
THOS. W.SIDWELL, PRINCIPAL,
Friends' Select School, Washington, D. C.

Wanted

A Kindergartner at Friends' Select School, S. E. Cor. Fourth and Green Streets. Address. ANNE M. GRISCOM, 622 Marshall Street, or SAMUEL H. GARTLEY, 606 N. Seventh Street, Committee.

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INTELLIGENCER.

UNITED WITH

The Friends' Journal.

PHILADELPHIA, SEVENTH MONTH 11, 1885. Vol.

THE WORTH OF PAIN.

BY JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER.

The clouds which rise with thunder, slake
Our thirsty souls with rain;
The blow most dreaded falls, to break
From off our limbs a chain;
And wrongs of man to man but make
The love of God more plain.

As through the shadowy lens of even
The eye looks farthest into heaven,
On gleams of star and depths of blue
The glaring sunshine never knew.

For The Intelligencer and Journal.
ETHICS APPLIED TO SCHOOL GOVERNMent.

This is a subject which is now claiming much attention from teachers and committees having charge of schools.

The importance of having a proper ethical code, and of making a judicious application of it to individual cases, in all institutions intended for the training of the young, is now very generally conceded.

No. 650.

may prevail in the school-room, and the pupils may yield to a semi-physical force, without having their judgment convinced that the command is just or that any principle is involved in the matter.

In the opinion of the writer, theory is as essential in pedagogy as it is in the medical or the legal professions; and the attempt to govern a school without it is mere empiricism. It is presumable that this view is very generally entertained by those having the management of Friends' schools, and hence it is needless to dwell upon the necessity of having some theory as the basis of our moral code. This theory should be reduced to language-terse, simple and easily retained by the memory. should be stated to the pupils so clearly that all could comprehend it, and then they should be informed that the rules and regulations of the school have been framed with reference to the greatest good of the greatest number as well as justice to each individual; and that when carefully examined they will be found to rest upon the foundation of abstract right, as laid down in our theory.

It

In framing a system of rules for the moral government of a school, two points should be kept steadily in view. Is the rule in entire accord with Those who have had least experience in the man- our theory? and, Can it be practically applied to the agement of schools, will perhaps find least difficulty daily routine of school affairs? If it meet both of in preparing the code; as the simple principle of these requirements, well; but if it fail in either, right must underlie all intention, and strict propriety rule it out. The practical part may have to be tried must be the uniform rule of action. This seems to before its feasibility can be determined; but in the embrace all that is needed: a conscientious analysis theoretical there can be no wavering, for it is based of the motive, and the application of the "Golden upon an immutable principle. Unless the teacher Rule" to the performance of the deed. But it will be be possessed of sound views and be guided by endiscovered by observation, and confirmed by experi-lightened judgment and by some experience (either ence, that in the school-room, as in the great world, his own or that of another), he will be likely to there is a practical as well as a theoretical view to make many mistakes in the preparation of his ideal be taken of the situation. There is a real condition ethical code; and often with mature judgment and of affairs, as well as a sentimental aspect. To har-large experience, it is found difficult to make rules monize—not to unify-these two elements should be to meet all cases, that will at once conform strictly to the prevailing consideration in the preparation of our theory and be feasible in their practical appliany system of school ethics. cation.

It is to be regretted that there are to be found in For the fundamental tenets of a code, I would the ranks of teachers some who are disposed to ig-recommend a faithful observance of the laws of nore all theory with regard to an ethical standard for the government of their schools. They insist on a strict compliance with the law as given forth from the platform, but they are unable or unwilling to give any satisfactory reason why such a law should exist, and the only reason assigned for its enforcement is the ipse dixit of him who both proclaims and executes it. Such teachers often have the credit of being successful; they may have the ability to command, and the will to enforce obedience; and owing to these inherent qualities in the teacher, good order

truthfulness, kindness and justice; believing that a character reared upon these three will be likely to exhibit in the superstructure of conduct the qualities which are essential to the welfare and harmony of a community - candor, courtesy and consideration. A pupil who conforms his conduct to a course of action having such a basis will not be likely to go far astray from the path of rectitude; and if it should happen that he violate some technical rule, it might be well to consider which is more at fault, the pupil or the rule.

If the teacher, in his intercourse with the pupils, | exhibit these three qualities, he may observe the force of the old proverb that "example is more powerful than precept." A teacher who practises deception, or resorts to artifices for any purpose whatever, is likely to forfeit the confidence of his pupils, and ultimately to lose their respect. A person who is destitute of refinement or a stranger to the ordinary usages of good breeding, had better select some other vocation than that of instructing the young; and he who fails in consideration for the comfort of his pupils or who cannot enter into sympathy with them, may expect to find them violating the proprie ties and manifesting a general disregard for the fitness of things.

In order to insure candor there must not be too much fear. A proper respect for authority is a mental condition very different from that of abject fear; the former being entirely compatible with self-respect and candor, while the latter is one of the most fruitful sources of deception. Tyranny in the family, the school-room or the nation is almost certain to beget either servility or rebellion, according to the temper of the subjects over whom it is exercised; while the wholesome restraint which is necessary to preserve good order in every community, is regarded as a trust voluntarily placed by the governed in the hands of the governing power. Such at least is the republican idea of a government and a ruler.

Courtesy must be manifested by acts rather than explained by words; and where it is properly attended to at home, the teacher has little difficulty in cultivating it in the school, provided he be himself an exemplar of refinement and good-breeding.

Consideration is not so easily maintained; in fact, it seems almost antagonistic to the free impulse of youth to stop long enough to consider consequences or proprieties before proceeding to act. The pupil who would scorn to be found derelict in candor, and to whom courtesy has become as a second nature, often fails to regard the time, the place, the circumstances, and even the property by which he is surrounded. He does "not mean to be naughty," but just at the critical moment his "love of fun," or some other sudden impulse, overcomes his consideration, and hence the misdemeanor is committed. In dealing with offenses of this kind, the teacher should be able to discriminate between the motive and the result; for while the latter may cause great annoyance and even serious inconvenience, the former may be free from any taint of malice or evil intention. In cases of this kind, it is very desirable to have some time elapse between the commission of the of fense and the administration of the discipline. This affords an opportunity for the youthful impulse to subside, and for the teacher to muster all his forces for self-control. Then the matter may be approached rather in a business-like way, and the offender be asked how he purposes making good the damage? Whether property or feelings have been marred by his thoughtlessness, he must endeavor to place matters on the same footing as they occupied before the

offense occurred.

The distinction between misconduct and disorder should be well defined; the latter being merely some

thing out of place, while the former is that which is wrong at all times and in all places.

It must be constantly borne in mind that the formation of character is a matter of far greater moment than the orderly appearance of a school-room. The more responsibility is placed upon a pupil, the more frequent are the opportunities to discover latent traits of character, and to develop the good that is in him; while the more he is compelled to yield to the force of mere authority, the less likely will he be to respect himself or the governing power.

The logical relation of penalty to offense is a matter that has received much attention in our normal schools, and it is gratifying to note that it is probably as nearly reduced to a science as is anything in the entire range of school government.

The right of appeal, which is allowed a criminal in a court of justice, should certainly not be denied a pupil in a well-ordered school. But I would encourage an appeal to the teacher rather than from him. When a direct command has been given in the class-room,

"Tis not to make reply,

'Tis not to reason why, 'Tis but to do—”

and if the pupil have the knowledge and assurance that before the close of the day he can have an opportunity to approach his teacher and make such explanation as he feels quite sure will be satisfactory, he will cheerfully obey the command or even accept understanding, and that in the course of a few hours a reprimand-knowing that it is the result of a mishe will be vindicated. These private interviews between teacher and pupil have a tendency to bring the two very near together; and, when conducted in a proper spirit, they afford an excellent opportunity for a word of advice or caution on some subject other than that for which the interview was called.

The spirit and the letter of Friends' Discipline would afford an excellent study for the young teacher who desires to deal with offenders in the right spirit, "in order for their help.”

The whole subject is one of great breadth, and to treat it exhaustively would be to write a book. In fact many books have been written on the kindred topic of school government, which to be wise and judicious must be based on school ethics. In summing up these desultory suggestions, I would say: First, have a theory on which is based the moral code of the school. Second, let the observance of candor, courtesy and consideration be the general law of conduct. Third, endeavor to practise what you preach. Fourth, make a broad distinction between disorder and misconduct; treating the former as a venial transgression and the latter as a grave offense. Fifth, have the pupils govern themselves, by placing responsibility upon them. Sixth, observe carefully the logical relation between penalty and offense. Seventh, let your pupils find you easy of access, after school; so that no one need go home feeling that he has been unjustly treated, and has had no opportunity to state his grievance. Eighth, after the settlement of a difficulty by a private interview, try to turn the opportunity to good account for the inculcation of some moral lesson. This being done, drop some word or perform some act of kind

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