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FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER.

PHILADELPHIA, SECOND MO. 14, 1885.

Ir is generally conceded that anything to which we give our undivided attention prospers at our hands. And this applies equally to religious organizations. In proportion as we individually give our whole allegiance to the church of our choice love it and work for its growth, in so much its strength increases. We look upon the church or ganization as next to the family interest and in this we see our duty clear. We watch over it lovingly, are quick to see wherein we can benefit it so that its beloved inmates may be made healthier and happier. In our visits away from it our attachment to it is often strengthened and we gladly return perchance with some new thought to be moulded into com pleteness for the improvement of its sacred domain. So in a similar way should we show our alle giance to our Society. First seek earnestly to know if it is the right fold into which we are gathered, and then give it of our best service.

If it is to be helpful to us in leading us to a larger If it is to be helpful to us in leading us to a larger and fuller acquaintance with the Divine Spirit it has a just claim to our steadfast allegiance. Like Paul beseeching his followers to "hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering," so should we, that we may grow and flourish as a people and be worthy of the blessing promised to the faithful.

relations with our Heavenly Father, and at the same time to be entirely true to our dependent relations one to another as an organized Society, is to put in practice the full meaning of "Friend." Independence of one's fellow men and of the affairs of life, carried to an extreme, produces the recluse, the visionary and impractical dreamer whose introverted mind, dwelling always among the clouds does not produce the fruits of the Spirit; and yet the character which does not possess a share of the "life which is hid with Christ in God" has not built upon the Rock which is the sure foundation. In all designs for the advancement of our Society, we must ever keep in view the spirituality of our profession, and we should not fail to present the idea that until there has been an apprehension of those truths which are only revealed to the inmost understanding we are not in the full sense, Friends. How easily each one of us can call up in mental vision an example of this combined, or we might say dual, existence; one whose hands were ever ready to help others, whose heart was open to sympathize with all human woes, whose counsel and advice showed a mind capable of working for general good, and yet whose spirit dwelt apart in a higher realm and thereby gave to his human in a higher realm and thereby gave to his human nature a glow of heavenly light.

Complete as we feel such a character to be and greatly to be desired we know it is not attainable in a day. Until the perfect day dawns what good use shall we make of the twilight hours? While we "tarry at Jerusalem " waiting to be "endued with power from on high" what can we engage in to profit? Evidently to exercise the gifts which we possess, is the wise thing to do; occupy the share of understanding that we have until the Christ shall come, when if he opens greater duties before us, and wider as well as different fields of usefulness we shall not be less able to work than if we had waited inactively for his appearing. And those who have attained the mountain tops of clear vision, how fervent they should be to aid the inexperienced who are faithfully doing the duty that is shown them,-let not a spirit which says "it is naught" chill an earnest endeavor. Surely in the Society of Friends the inexperienced need the counsel of the experienced ; those who have not yet received sight need the guid ing hand of those who walk as in the noonday sun; the children in knowledge need instruction, and "to prepare the way of the Lord" is the high privilege of those who have attained unto wisdom. Helping each other, mutually dependent as members of an organization, may we, while differing in services preserve throughout our whole body the unity of the To allow full liberty to our independent spiritual | spirit, and be in reality as in name, Friends.

“FRIENDS.”—As believers in immediate communion with the Father of Spirits we must recognize our independence of one another. In the silence of our worship each one may uninterruptedly seek that food which his soul needs, and the spirit,may withdraw to commune with that source of strength which is not far from every one of us; these are moments of exaltation in which life as it may be is set before us, when a holy pattern is shown us that may be inwrought upon the common duties and pleasures of life and thus harmonize them with a pure ideal. This is the sacred upper chamber whither the soul may fly and to which no other can be admitted; here is obtained the bread that never fails and the water that is always sure. This spiritual bread strengthens us for action, and action brings us down amongst our friends and fellow laborers where we may put to service that which we have freely received; here we are no longer independent, but mutually dependent. Friends, we call ourselves, implying in our very name the obligation of being helpful to one another.

MARRIAGES.

THOMAS-RICHARDSON.-At the residence of the bride's father, Wilmington, Del., by Friends' ceremony, Seymour Preston Thomas, of New York city, son of Dr. William W. and Beulah P. Thomas, of Wilmington, Del., and Susan Woolston, daughter of George and the late Sarah W. Richardson.

WING-REMINGTON.-On Second mo. 3d, 1885, at the residence of the bride's parents, by Friends' ceremony, Dr. Stephen Rogers Wing, of Pernambuco, Brazil, son of Stephen R. and Elizabeth C. Wing, of Sandwich, Barnstable co., Mass., and Lydia, daughter of John C. and Margaret S. Remington, of Philadelphia.

DEATHS.

ASH.-On Second month 3d, 1885, in West Caln township, Chester co., Phineas Ash, in his 81st year. BUDD.—On Twelfth mo. 28th, 1884, at Mt. Holly, N. J., Achsah J. Budd.

CHEVINGTON.-On Twelfth mo. 8th, 1884, at the residence of his son-in-law, Enoch Kester, Judah Chevington, in the 84th year of his age.

ELDRIDGE.-On Seventh-day morning, First mo. 18th, 1885, in West Chester, Pa., Reuben Eldridge, in his 84th year.

FELL-On Seventh-day, First mo, 10th, 1885, at his residence, New London, Chester co., Pa.. Wm. J. Fell, in his 74th year.

GAUSE.-On First month 15th, 1885, in Kennett Square, Pa., Martha W., wife of Levi Gause.

GRISCOM.-On Second mo. 9th, 1885, in Philadelphia, William Griscom, in his 81st year; an elder of Green Street Monthly Meeting. He was clerk of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting from 1854 to 1865.

HELL.-On First mo. 21st, 1885, in Philadelphia, Kate, wife of Samuel Hell, aged 31. Interment at Darby Friends' ground.

KESTER.-On Twelfth month 19th, 1884, at his residence, in Locust township, Columbia county, Pa., Encch Kester, in the 66th year of his age; a member and elder, belonging to Roaring Creek Monthly Meeting.

PAXSON.-On Second month 2d, 1885, at the residence of her brother, Alfred Paxson, near Stanton, Del., of typhoid pneumonia, Sarah W. Paxson, daughter of Phebe and the late Joseph W. Paxson, in the 57th year of her age; a member of Wilmington Monthly Meeting.

POTTER.-On Twelfth mo. 16th, 1884, at his residence, in Battle Creek, Mich., Nathaniel Potter, in the 83d year of his age.

Possess

His end was peace and blessed assurance. ing his senses to the last, he gave direction that his funeral should be conducted in great simplicity. He was beloved by his neighbors and friends, possessing a mind of fine culture and many amiable virtues that endeared him the most to those that knew

him best. He had been in failing health for a long time, but grew rapidly worse the last few days of his life and quietly passed away to rest, we trust, in his

eternal home,

E. A. G.

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Crosswicks, N. J., Elizabeth, daughter of Charles aud the late Phebe Jackson Satterthwait, aged 42; a member of Chesterfield Monthly Meeting, Ñ. J.

WHITE.-On Sixth-day, First month 23d, 1885, in West Caln, Mary, wife of Thomas White, in her 78th year.

WICKERSHAM.-On Third-day morning, First month 13th, 1885, in Parkesburg, Pa., Preston Wickersham, aged 64 years.

WILKINS.-On Second mo. 4th, 1885, near Medford, N. J., Thomas Wilkins, Sr., in his 83d year.

OBITUARY.

"Mark the perfect man and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace."

WILLIAM T. COCKS, one of our most useful and exemplary Friends, has been called from our midst to receive the reward of a well-spent life. We feel his loss as only one so worthy could be felt, but he left a bright example of a true Christian life which will long be remembered.

Of a cheerful disposition, conscientious, kindly nature, faithful in the performance of duty, ever ready to extend a helping hand to the unfortunate, he was loved and respected by all who knew him.

He had not a birthright among Friends, but convinced in early life of their Christian principles, he was a consistent member and worker for more than fifty years. He had broad sympathies and wide charity, especially interested in the progress of Truth, which he advocated with clearness and to the instruction of those who heard him.

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From our Special Correspondent.
THE NEW ORLEANS EXPOSITION.

Continued from page 327 of last volume.

not only makes one feel very small, but very hunA saunter through the space taken by California gry. Such luscious-looking fruits, both crystallized and canned; such toothsome nuts, such fat vegetables! What would you say to a 222-pound pumpkin, a 118 pound squash, an 81-pound beet? But of course the country that can produce trees 18 feet in diameter is not going to take a back seat when it comes to vegetables. Sections of two of the giant trees are shown, and one feels like proposing to the group standing about them to join hands and play

ring-around rosy." Then, when one reflects that this 18-foot tree is 3,700 years old, one feels like begging its pardon for such a frivolous idea.

Seven or eight large cases of ferns and grasses, a superb private collection of precious minerals, a display of California honey (both strained and in the comb), a pavilion made entirely of parti-colored soaps, a bale of Alfalfa hay (of which six crops can be raised in one season, and which yields 8 to 12 tons to the acre), grain displays from different counties and ranches, silkworm spinning apparatus and cocooning ladder, fine ores and beautifully polished woods-one begins to feel as if "the glorious climate

of California" might do anything well that it should turn its hand to, and to wonder if Eldorado has not really been hit upon at last.

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Nevada has a very creditable display, though everything in the neighborhood of the California space pales by comparison. Several cases of the flora of the territory and a large collection of minerals, also of fruit and vegetables, are sensibly arranged on tables, in parallel rows, which, if not so effective, makes one better able to judge of the quantity of the display. The territory sends some curiosities from the mounds and the pueblos, and has an interesting case of shooting-irons, probably belonging to old '49ers.

Arizona runs to minerals, of which she has a magnificent display, both as to quality and quantity. A large piece of copper ore attracts special attention. Some remarkable things are shown here, such as stones from the petrified forests, ornaments made from the wood and fibre of the prickly pear, and some Zuni pottery, red with black decorations. The presiding genius of the place seems to be a large Rocky Mountain sheep, who lies on his shelf, and placidly views (if stuffed sheep can view) everything that goes on.

The mineral exhibit of Colorado is fine, also. She has a house built of different minerals, and an ingeniously contrived sectional view of the first national mine, showing veins and ledges, galleries and chambers, hoisting apparatus and miners at work.

A pyramid, with gilded top and silver base, represents the actual amount of silver and gold mined in Colorado between the years 1859 and 1885, the silver amounting to $5,000,000, and the gold to $45,000,000.

The Colorado Agricultural College has a large space, off to one side, where the grains raised by the college, and seeds, minerals and tools made by the students, are elegantly arranged.

New Mexico was in great confusion at my last visit, from which she has probably extricated herself since. Her minerals, grains and vegetables looked as if they would be worth seeing when put in place. The genus loci here was a fine deer.

Oregon has her grains and fruits in good order, and is only second to California in the size of her vegetables. She shows a 41-pound head of cabbage and a 58-pound rutabaga. Some beautiful samples of wool rather surprise one who has not been accustomed to think of Oregon as a sheep-raising country. One of the handsomest things I have yet seen in the Exposition is a section, about seven feet high, of a maple burl. The wood branches out in knots so beautifully curled that it seems the work of a wood carver, and the polished surface of the tree where it has been cut shows the finest of grain imaginable.

Aside from minerals, the collection of Wyoming is chiefly notable for the odd and curious things that have been gathered together. Stalactites from Yellowstone Park, and a strange curly formation of stone (caused by the action of hot water in the geysers there), a fossil section of tree (hollowed out and showing the inside walls a mass of crystals), are among the curiosities. A large exhibit of Indian work, such as moccasins, blankets, baskets, caps, leggings, belts, shirts and pouches, takes up much of

the space, while a chained fox and wild cat make one feel rather timid about entering the territory's precincts, until one finds that they are not so alive as they look. The chief curiosity of Wyoming, the woman who votes, was not on exhibition, though I dare say she had much to do with making the display a success.

Montana has the usual exhibit of grains, vegetables and minerals, equaling in extent and kind that of most of the territories, and renders herself as formidable as possible by bristling with the heads of elk, bison and cougar.

The grain and mineral exhibits of Idaho promised to be very fine when I last looked up this corner of the building, but confusion reigned, and one could discern but little in reportable condition. As with Montana, trophies of the chase decorated every post. Besides Dakota Park, of which I wrote you as one of the features of the building, this territory has a large bark house, in which specimens of the smaller animals and cases of Indian work are on exhibition. A hanging canoe, some fifteen feet long, made of grains, has a graceful effect.

With Minnesota and Wisconsin, the round of the Government Building is finished. The former was fast getting into shape when I saw it last, and a number of cases showed that a large display was expected. Some beautiful samples of decorative work sent by the Woman's Exchange (of Milwaukee, I believe), filled one of the cases, and some little wood-bound missals, inlaid, sent by Mrs. Alexander Mitchell, were especially choice. The school exhibit is to be with the rest of the State exhibit, instead of in the gallery. A diagram showing the average yield, value, etc., of the chief crops of the State for the last ten years, gives one a better idea of its suitability for farming than any number of designs in grain, or any showing of exceptional harvests, but these, nevertheless, are a great help in rendering the Exposition artistic and attractive. The pavilion of the milling interest of Minnesota is noticeable, also the display of the State Fishery Commission. The University of Minnesota sends a handsome collection of animals, including birds, native to the State. Woods, fruits, vegetables, etc., augment the exhibit, and an unusual feature is a reading-room opened by a publishing company of the State, at which one can obtain books and pamphlets relative to its progress, etc., and its principal newspapers. If the educational exhibit were down here, instead of upstairs, it would be a worthy rival of that of Massachusetts, for it is one of the best in the gallery. New Orleans, First mo. 16, 1885.

DAY BY DAY.

M. W. P.

Jane Taylor has written a simple parable which has in it a great lesson.

A little clock had just been finished by the maker and put on a shelf in his wareroom between two older clocks, who were busy ticking away the noisy seconds. "

Well," said one of the clocks to the new comer, So you've started on this task; I'm sorry for you. You're ticking bravely now, but you'll be tired enough before you get through your thirty-three million ticks." Thirty-three million ticks!" said the

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frightened clock, "why, I never could do that," and | writers and preachers of our own time, and the most it stood still instantly with despair. "Why, you loving biographer of his great teacher. silly thing," said the other clock at this moment, why do you listen to such words? It's nothing of the kind. You've only got to make one tick this moment; there, now, isn't that easy, and now another the next moment, and that is just as easy, and so right along." "Oh, if that's all," cried the new clock, "that's easily done, and so here I go," and started bravely on again, making a tick a moment, and not counting the months and millions. But when the year was ended, it had made thirty-three million vibrations without knowing it.

PERSONAL INFLUENCE OF OUR TEACHERS.

In Stanley's Life of Arnold, by the way, a wonderfully good book for teachers to read and ponder over), we find set down some of the reasons, or traits of character, that accounted for Arnold's vast personal influence on the youth of England who were so "His interest happy as to be placed in his hands. and sympathy with the boys far exceeded any direct manifestation of it toward them, and the impression which he produced upon them was derived, not so much from any immediate intercourse or conversation with him, as from the general influence of his whole character displayed consistently whenever he appeared before them. This influence, with its consequent effects, was gradually on the increase during till it became the fashion

Read at an Educational Conference, held First mo. 24th, 1885, at the whole of his stay

Race Street Meeting-house.

I have been asked to give my views on this topic, and while quite unwilling to appear as the critic of the able and careful teachers who are an honor to our schools, it seems not unsuitable to say a word upon personal influence in its effects upon the young. One of the most effective arguments for the send ing of the boys and girls to great institutions of learning, over which preside persons of genius and distinguished learning, is the enobling influence these eminent instructors may be reasonably expected to have upon the formative minds of youth. Many of us have vivid remembrance of the days of our childhood some 30 or 35 years ago, when our fathers deemed it one of the best gifts they could bestow upon their boys to send them for educational advantages to the wretched old slave mart of Alexandria, Va. And why? Because there was the comfortable boarding-school conducted by that grand typical Friend, Benjamin Hallowell. His splendid personal qualities, both moral, religious and intellectual, his courteousness which was as beautiful as it was perfect, his noble scholarship as well as his energy and faithfulness as an instructor, and his genuine love for boys, were well known; and many wise fathers knew what was likely to be the result of years under the influence of such a teacher. It was something like the magnetic power of Dr. Thomas Arnold, of Rugby, who by his manliness, his sincerity, his sound learning, his truly philosophical mind and his healthy religious influence raised up the institution with which he was identified to its enviable eminence among the schools of England. The great and deeply beloved teacher lives again in the student, and the London Quarterly Review echoed the voices of many who had sat at the feet of Arnold when it characterized him in 1844 " as a complete character, complete in its union of moral and intellectual gifts

for his greatness did not consist in the preeminence of any single quality, but in several remarkable powers, thoroughly leavened and pervaded by an ever-increasing moral nobleness."

One of his traits of character or of mind, was a philosophical and liberal habit of thought which led to the formation of enlightened and liberal religious views. These were remarkably reproduced in his students, pre-eminent among whom was Stanley, Dean of Westminster, one of the most eminent of the

to think and talk of him with pride and affection." The liveliness and simplicity of his whole behavior must always have divested his earnestness of any appearance of moroseness and affectation. "He calls us fellows us fellows" was the astonished expression of the boys when, soon after his first coming, they heard him speak of them by the familiar name in use amongst themselves; and in his later years, they observed with pleasure the unaffected interest with which, in the long autumn afternoons, he would stand in the school-field and watch the issue of their favorite game of foot ball.

With very little boys, his manner partook of that playful kindness and tenderness which always marked his intercourse with children; in examining them in the lower forms, he would sometimes take them on his knee, and go through picture-books, of the Bible or of English history, covering the text of the narrative with his hand, and making them explain to him the subject of the several prints. With older pupils, the dread which the sternness of character of the great master inspired, was mingled with an involuntary and perhaps, an unconscious respect, born of the sense of manliness and straightforwardness of his dealings, and still more by the sense of the general force of his moral character; by the belief (to use the words of different pupils) in "his extraordinary knack, for I can call it nothing else, of showing that his object in punishing or reproving was not his own good or pleasure, but that of the boy;" "in a truthfulness in a sort of moral transparency" in the fixedness or his purpose, and the searchingness of his practical insight into boys," by a consciousness, almost amounting to solemnity, that "when his eye was upon you, he looked into your inmost heart;" that there was something in his very tone and outward aspect, before which anything low, or false or cruel, instinctively quailed and cowered.

As boys advanced in the school, there “grew up a deep admiration, partaking largely of the nature of awe, and this softened into a sort of loyalty, which remained even in the closer, more affectionate sympathy of later years." "I am sure," writes a pupil who had no personal communication with him whilst at school, and but little afterwards, and who never was in the Sixth Form, " that I do not exaggerate my feelings when I say that I felt a love and reverence for him as one of quite awful greatness

and goodness, for whom I well remember that I used | amenities of life; for the teacher represents, in a to think I would gladly lay down my life."

great degree, the parental authority and unction.

We have ever laid a high value on what we may call the "Quaker bias," and I believe have been too careless of late about the sectarian bias liable to be derived from a favorite teacher. There are instances, even, where mothers have entrusted their girls for a season to conventual boarding-schools. Here the recluse instructors keep closest watch and ward over their charge, watching every word, and with very great skill, by gradual and most gentle advances, implanting the rudiments of Romanism-until, when the time comes for them to return to home life, they are found ready to take monastic vows, and so are lost to the life of liberty and light and progress which is the rightful heritage of healthful youth of our country and time.

And so our teachers of to-day are being the builders of character; and the instructor who recognizes the weight of responsibility which his function imposes upon him may well be awed in contemplating it. More or less complicated questions of right and wrong, are continually arising in the school-room, and the teacher is required to act in the judicial capacity. The instructor must pause in the midst of work more directly intellectual, and make a decision more or less difficult, which must be just and yet politic. He sets up a standard of rectitude which may be remembered many years to come and may influence the action of the youth before him long after the teacher rests in death. The "policy" of a teacher's decision rests on the peculiarities of natural gifts on one side or another, on the known parental influence, or parental wishes, and on the special needs of the parties. An impression of right is made on the part of students who have affection for the teacher; or if the teacher decides unjustly, or otherwise unwisely, the moral sense is educated amiss, and the students have precedent of wrong-lieve it to be the bounden duty of our teachers to doing which may be an evil seed dropped into the garden of the heart of which no one can know the growth. A teacher much beloved by those he instructs, can mould his pupils to almost any pattern; and quite as much morally as intellectually. Opinions beliefs, habits and manners, depend greatly upon the teacher, who has the ear of the pupil more than either father or mother, and more than the preacher in the sanctuary. We doubt not this is evident to every thoughtful person who has ever been engaged in the guidance and instruction of the young.

A mother of an interesting family of three little children remarked to me recently, that seeing them play "mother" was startling to her by the innocent exactness with which they reproduced her tones, her actions, and her words. The sense of responsibility becomes painful indeed in the light of such revelations; and many a teacher has been startled in view of his pupils playing "school" innocently caricaturing him in tone, manner and word.

On the other hand almost all of us can recall to memory some teacher to whom most grateful remembrance is due, and from whose conversations remembered vividly after many years, date many an impulse to faithful endeavor, resulting in the attainment of a higher level of thought, and greater excellence of performance. We hold these as benefactors, and perhaps keep them enshrined as sacred and precious beyond all other friends. Even the errors and inadequacies of the teacher become a matter of toleration if not of imitation to the inexperienced child. A little lad, when checked for unnecessarily emphatic use of local, or wildly idiomatic language, replied with supreme confidence in his position; "Why pap says that!" And another when reproved for indulging in a cigarette, could use the same defence: "My father smokes every day, my brother smokes, and all my uncles smoke; they wouldn't do it if it wasn't nice."

So with the schoolmaster. What he does, is liable to be the warrant for the pupil's action in matters hygienic, or moral, as well as in relation to the

Friends have deemed it right to guard their youth from such dire possibilities, and have sought to provide schools under the care of preparative and monthly meetings, and under the conduct of teachers strictly in sympathy with our principles and testimonies, even if not in membership with us. I be

give their influence in the direction of the Quaker cult-and that none should accept the solemn responsibility of leadership of the children of Friends who cannot conscientiously co-operate in the advocacy of our principles and testimonies. A mere remark at times, or a few minutes quiet conversation may direct and guide thought into the channels which are favorable to the growth which is desired. Equally easy, is it, to turn away the young inquirer from the simple faith and profession of their fathers, especially in cases where the home training has been merely passive--not active.

Solomon of old seems to have known an important principle in regard to the education of youth: "Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it." The active or Solomonic methods for the training of youth, have long since fallen into discredit, at least among Friends, and now we must look more to the personal influence of the men and women to whom is committed the care of the hours of the most receptive period of life, when character is crystallizing round points of attraction.

We may well look with anxiety to the faithful and able teachers, whose gentleness and faithfulness endear them to the children, and give them such power to mould minds and hearts, and to supplement the possible inadequacy of parental influence. S. R.

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