maintained himself there but by great kill, and at the expenfe of much blood. But the day on which Maffena began his general attack, the firft divifion of the Ruffian army of general Koríakow, followed, at a small distance, by five others, arrived, by forced marches, at Schaff-haufen, from whence it marched two days afterwards to Zurich. The timely arrival of this reinforcement allowed princeCharles to diminish the force of his principal pofition of Zurich, and to fend general Hotze with feveral thousand men to fupport the two Auftrian corps, which had retired into the cantons of Schweitz and Glarus, and which, after having been posted beyond Rapper chwill and the Linth, retook these two pofitions. The Linth, the lake of Zurich, and the Limmat, were, properly fpeaking, the limits of the two armies. On the following days, the whofe Ruffian army, with the exception of the cavalry, which would have been ulelefs in Switzerland, and which remained on the right bank of the Rhine, joined the Auftrians near Zurich.

A great battle, which the French had loft at Novi, in Italy, had entirely deranged their offenfive plans. The part affigned to Maffena depended in a great meafure on that which was, at the fame time, to be acted in Germany and Italy, by the republican armies, which might be confidered as the two wings of his It was neceflary that beth, or at least one of them, fhould advance, in order that the centre might do fo, without danger, and indeed that it might with fafety preferve its pofition. It wanted a point of fupport, and not being able, fince the battle of Novi, to

find this on its right, it was necef fary to look for it on the left: and the army, which the directory had been bufy in forming on the Rhine, received orders to advance on the Maine and the Neckar. The object of this expedition was, by a powerful diverfion, to prevent the archduke from turning against Maf fena the mafs of force which he had at his difpofal, fince the arrival of the Ruffians, to preferve Switzerland by threatening Germany; to procure in this latter country money and provifions, and to employ, for the benefit of the republic, the rich granaries, which the harvest had just filled, of the Palatinate, On the twenty-fifth of Auguft the republicans, 10,000 in number, under general Muller, paffed the Rhine at Manheim, and near that town, reduced Heidelberg and Heibron, and extended themselves into the countries lying between the Rhine and the Neckar. Another divifion, under the command of general d'Hilliers, proceeding from Mentz, levied contributions on the town of Frankfort, notwithstanding its agreed neutrality; pufhed an advanced poft towards Afchaffenberg, marched towards the lower Neckar, where it arrived on the second of September, and joined itself to the centre of the army of the Rhine, which enabled general Muller,on the twenty-fixth to invest Philipfburgh.

The ineurfion of the French upon the Maine, and their march "towards Suabia, furnished prince Charles with a pretext for avoiding a co-operation with field-marshal Suwarrow in Switzerland, which he had probably received orders to elude. This young prince, the unwilling inftrument of Auftrian policy, alarmed, or pretended to be

fo, at the danger which threatened Germany, and that part of his army which was on the right bank of the Rhine, and profeffing to feel the defire, as well as obligation, of refcuing, from the ravages of the French, the eftates of the elector palatine, and the duke of Wurtemberg, ordered his army to hold itself in readinefs to quit Switzerland, and immediately marched part of it towards Schaff-haufen. He intrufted general Hotze with the defence of the fmall cantons, and fent him fome reinforcements, which raised his force to about 29,000 men. During the laft days of Auguft, the Ruffians, in number about 30,000 effective men, replaced the Auftrians along the brooks of the Limmat and the Aar, and in front of Zurich, where general Krofakow, with whom the command now refted, fixed his head-quarters. General Nauendorf was left with about 10,000 men, on the right bank of the Rhine, to form there a body of obfervation and referve. These were the arrangements which prince Charles, before his departure, made for the defence of the conquered part of Switzerland. He left behind him 55,000 men, of whom more than 40,000 were oppofed to Maffena, from the Grifon country, as far as the mouth of the Aar, reduced Manheim and Neckerau, and driven the French back into Mentz, he established his headquarters, on the nineteenth, at Schwetzingen; where, on the twenty-leventh, he received news of the events which had taken place, two days before, in Switzerland.

The reputation of fuperiority which the Ruffians had aquired, and which they had not fofeirted in Italy,

and all that the imagination of fol diers, no lefs then that of other men, adds to what is unknown to them, impofed on the French army under Mallena. They did not even attempt any thing worthy of notice from the twenty-ninth of Auguft, when the Ruffians relieved the Auftrian advanced pofts before Zurich, till the eighth of September. On that day they renewed the attack, which they had often made, on the poft of Wallishoffen, but were obliged to return to their pofition, with fome lofs. This affair, however, had no other object, on the part of the French, than to bring the Ruffians to the teft, and to familiarife themfelves with their manner of fighting., The original plan of the allies, as above obferved, was to turn Switzerland on the north and fouth.The departure of prince Charles from Switzerland made it neceffary to fubftitute to the former a plan of attack of lefs magnitude, which required a lefs confiderable force, and which fhould be purely military. The plan propofed was, to recover immediately the poffeffion of the fmall cantons, and to turn the pofition, fo long held by Massena, on the lakes of Lucerne and Zug, and on the Albis, which would have obliged him to retire on the Aar, the whole line of which it would have been abfolutely impoffible to preferve. Maffena knew this project, and having learnt that the generals Korfakow and Hotze had refolved to begin the execution of them on the twenty-fixth; he determined to be before hand with them. Bridges thrown over the Limmat, and various movements and actions, in one of which general Hotze fell, and on which general Petrarch, to whom rank and fuperiority

thus loft, he marched his army; compofed of 17,000 effective men, the remains of the 30,000, which had been fent into Italy, with fuch rapidity, that in five days it had advanced 116 miles, and reached Teverna, near Bellinzona on the fifteenth; that is to fay, on the very fame day on which he had propofed to be there, before the delay took place. But he unfortunately experienced another delay, which he had it not in his power to prevent. For, inftead of finding the neceffary beafts of burthen ready for him at Taverna, as had been promised him, he was obliged to lose three days in endeavouring to obtain them in the country; and, not be ing able to procure a fufficient number, he was obliged to difmount his Coffacks, and to employ their horfes in transporting the baggage. The impoffibility of making ufe of carriages in the road of the Great Alps, had obliged him to fend his artillery by the lake of Como, and the route of Chiavenna, from whence it afterwards rejoined him in the country of the Grifons. Every thing being ready for the paffage of the Alps, general Rofenberg, with the Ruffian advanced guard, twelve battalions ftrong, began his march on the nineteenth, and arrived on the fame day at Bellinzona. Fieldmarshal Suwarrow fuccefsfully croffed the Alps, drove the French from Mount St. Gothard, and forced the divifion under Lecourbe, on the twenty-fifth, to retreat to Altorff, the capital of Uri, in which canton is St. Gothard. On the twenty-feventh, he pushed his advanced-guard across the Colmerberg, as far as Mutten, whither the remainder of the army alfo arrived on the twenty-eighth. Agreeably to

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arrangements previously concerted, the Auftrian generals Lineken and Jellacheik were to have advanced into the canton of Glarus, in order to join themselves, on their right, to general Hotze, and on their left to marshal Suwarrow. Jellacheik having, on the twenty-fixth, penetrated as far as Miollis, from which he drove the republicans, having learnt the misfortunes of the preceding day, and the retreat of general Petrarch, returned towards Sargens, where he arrived on the twenty-feventh. General Lincken,' after he had, on the twenty-fixth, beaten a French column under neral Soult, near Rettarn, and made himself master of Glarus, not learning that any corps, either Auftrian or Ruffian, had penetrated into that canton, and not being able to communicate with any one, either on his right or left, retired alfo, and returned into the country of the Grifons. Marfhal Suwarrow, who had entertained the hope of being joined at Mutten by general Lincken, learnt, by a difpatch from that officer, the events which had taken place on the Linth, and the Lim mat; and it may be a well conceived with what bitter regret he faw the hopes vanifh, through the mifconduct of others, which had brought him into Switzerland. It was excufable in him to receive this blow of fortune with fome impatience. In circumftances fo cri tical, however, inftead of falling back on St. Gothard, or retiring into the country of the Grifons, he refolved to pafs by the Mutten and Clonthal, into the canton of Gla rus, there to join general Lincken; flattering himself that, on the news of his arrival, and of the departure of general Maffena to en

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gage him, generals Korfakow and Petrach having a lefs force against them might be enabled to turn about, and that every thing might, be retrieved. It was in this hope, fo glorious for him to have ftill retained, that he wrote to the Ruffian general Korfakow's army "You will answer with your heads for every farther step that you retreat. I am coming to repair your faults." On the thirtieth, marhal Suwarrow put himself in motion, by the Muttenthal, and through a feries of bloody combats, the whole march being in a manner one engagement, pushed on through the narrow valley of Muttenthal. On the fame day he was purfued by Maffena, who had joined Lecourbe at Altorfhauffen, as advanced guard, 4,000 ftrong came up, on that day, with general Rofenberg, and attacked him, but was repulfed with lofs. On the next day, the first of October, Massena came in perfon, with 1000 men against general Rofenberg, who was left at Mutten to guard the entrance of that valley, and to fecure the march of the reft of the army. Massena attacked him in three columns, one keeping the centre of the valley, and the two others occupying the two fides of the mountains. General Rofenberg charged Maffena's centre with three battalions, and forced it to take to flight; an example which was followed by the other two columns. The Ruffians purfued the enemy beyond Schmitz, after having killed or wounded 5 or 6000 men, and taken more than 1000 prifoners. Thefe advantages, gained at the fame time by the advanced and the rear guard, gave the Ruffians peaceable poffeffion of the road from Schmitz to Glarus, in which laft town they collected their fick and

wounded. The field-marfhal had flattered himfelf that he should there be joined by fome Auftrian corps. But general Petrarch having already retreated into the Voralberg, and generals Jellacheik and Lincken into the country of the Grifons, the Ruffian general had no other fupport to expect but that of one Auftrian brigade, under general Auffemberg. He was obliged, therefore, notwithstanding an ardent defire to maintain himself in the fmall cantons, to renounce it, and to think of his own fafety, already greatly endangered. Having allowed his army to repole three days he began his march, on the fifth of October, toward the Grifon country, leaving his wounded at Glarus. After an arduous and fatiguing march, through the vallies of Zernaff and Ileim, where he was fometimes obliged to cut away along the fides of rocks, and in which he loft part of his beafts of burthen and baggage, and a pretty large number of foldiers, not able to follow him, it reached the valley of the Rhine; and, on the eighth, was reunited in the environs of Chur, still amounting to near 14,000 men; having thus loft, in this short, but terrible campaign, 3000 men, in killed, wounded, or miffing. killed, wounded, and prisoners, the French loft at least 4000.

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